The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
Architrypethelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae.
Astrothelium is a large genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Trypetheliaceae. The genus is characterized by a corticate thallus and diverse ascomata structures, which can be simple, aggregated, or forming pseudostromata. Astrothelium is also notable for the carbonized walls of its ascomata, the so-called textura intricata arrangement of cells in these walls, and various forms of distoseptate, transparent spores.
Polymeridium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae. Species in the genus are corticolous (bark-dwelling) and typically occur in tropical areas.
Pseudopyrenula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae.
Trypethelium is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae. The widespread genus contains about 50 species that are predominantly found in tropical areas. Trypethelium was circumscribed by German botanist Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel in 1804.
Astrothelium stromatofluorescens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is only known to occur in a few locations in Brazil and Bolivia.
Astrothelium ecuadorense is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Ecuador, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by Harrie Sipman in the Estacion Cientifico San Francisco in the South Ecuadorian Andes ; there, it was found in a mountainous rainforest growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has a smooth and shiny, pale yellowish-green thallus with a cortex but lacking a prothallus, covering areas of up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter. No lichen products were detected in the collected specimens. The main characteristics of the lichen distinguishing it from others in Astrothelium are the lack of pseudocyphellae on the thallus, and the solitary, exposed, black ascomata. It is also one of the few Astrothelium species with only two spores in its asci.
Astrothelium flavomeristosporum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Ecuador and the Philippines, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by American botanist Edward Elmer from Irosin, in 1916. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, greyish-green thallus with a cortex surrounded by a thin black prothallus line. It covers areas of up to 9 cm (3.5 in) in diameter, and does not induce the formation of galls in the host tree. No lichen products were detected in the species using thin-layer chromatography. The main characteristics of the lichen distinguishing it from others in Astrothelium are its smooth to uneven thallus, its prominent, blackish, and exposed ascomata, and its yellow hamathecium.
Astrothelium flavostiolatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Ecuador, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by Harrie Sipman from the Reserva Biológica San Francisco in the Andes of southern Ecuador at an altitude of 2,020 m (6,630 ft); there, it was found in a rainforest growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has an olive-green thallus with a cortex but lacking a prothallus, covering areas of up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter. The thallus is covered with small wart-like structures, and consists of swollen and distended (bullate) areas that coalesce, forming a continuous structure. The presence of the lichen does not induce the formation of galls in its host. A yellow anthraquinone is the only lichen product that was detected from the species using thin-layer chromatography. The group of characteristics of the lichen distinguishing it from others in Astrothelium are its irregular, bullate thallus; its solitary to confluent ascomata with yellowish ostiolar rims, and the coarse thallus verrucae.
Astrothelium lucidostromum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Guyana, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by Harrie Sipman about 45 km (28 mi) south of Aishalton at an altitude of 230 m (750 ft); there, it was found in a savanna forest growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, pale yellowish-grey thallus with a cortex but lacking a prothallus, which covers areas of up to 7 cm (2.8 in) in diameter. The presence of the lichen does not induce the formation of galls in the host plant. The pseudostromata contains lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes that structure to fluoresce when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. The main characteristics of the lichen distinguishing it from others in Astrothelium are the UV+ pseudostroma; the fused ascomata; and the immersed pseudostroma that have a white cover. Astrothelium eustomuralis is a smiliar species, but in that species, lichexanthone only occurs in the ostiole, not the entire pseudostroma.
Astrothelium lucidothallinum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Guyana, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected about 30 km (19 mi) south of Aishalton at an altitude of 300 m (980 ft); there, it was found in a savanna growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, pale yellowish grey thallus with a cortex and a thin black prothallus line. It covers areas of up to 9 cm (3.5 in) in diameter. The thallus contains lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes it to fluoresce yellow when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. The combination of characteristics of the lichen that distinguish it from others in Astrothelium are: the presence of lichexanthone only in the thallus; the indistinctly pseudostromatic ascomata, with erumpent pseudostromata—whitish in colour but lacking a sharp outline; and the dimensions of the ascospores as well as their number per ascus (eight).
Astrothelium sexloculatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Guyana and Papua New Guinea, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by Harrie Sipman on the Dadadanawa ranch at an altitude of 120 m (390 ft); there, it was found growing on smooth tree bark in a savanna. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, pale yellowish-grey thallus with a cortex and a thin black prothallus line. It covers areas of up to 9 cm (3.5 in) in diameter. Both the thallus and the pseudostromata contain lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes these structures to fluoresce yellow when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. The combination of characteristics of the lichen that distinguish it from others in Astrothelium are the indistinctly pseudostromatic ascomata, with erumpent to prominent pseudostromata that are covered by thallus. The species epithet sexloculatum refers to the ascospores, which are divided into six chambers (locules) by five transverse septa.
Astrothelium septemseptatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, it is found in Guyana and Venezuela, where it grows on trees in savanna and rainforest. The type specimen was collected by Harrie Sipman about 3 km (1.9 mi) south of Kuyuwini Landing at an altitude of 230 m (750 ft); there, it was found growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, pale yellowish-grey thallus with a cortex and a thin black prothallus line. It covers areas of up to 9 cm (3.5 in) in diameter. The presence of the lichen does not induce the formation of galls in its host plant. Both the thallus and the pseudostroma contain lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes these structures to fluoresce yellow when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. The combination of characteristics of the lichen that distinguish it from others in Astrothelium are the presence of lichexanthone in thallus and ascomata, and the ascospores, which are divided by from 7 to 9 septa and have dimensions of 50–55 by 12–17 μm.
Astrothelium perspersum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Gabon, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Damien Ertz. It is one of the few Trypetheliaceae species known only from Africa. The type specimen was collected by the second author between the villages of Massaha and Batouala ; there, it was found in a rainforest growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, pale greenish-grey thallus with a cortex and a thin black prothallus line. It covers areas of up to 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter. The presence of the lichen does not induce the formation of galls in the host plant. No lichen products were detected from collected specimens using thin-layer chromatography. The combination of characteristics of the lichen that distinguish it from others in Astrothelium are the dimensions of its ascospores ; and the arrangement and form of its ascomata—from irregular groups to pseudostromatic, with the pseudostromata erumpent, and white. Astrothelium perspersum is somewhat similar to A. scoria, but has larger ascospores than that species.
Astrothelium pseudoferrugineum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Indonesia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected in 1937 by Pieter Groenhart on Jombang (Java); there, it was found in a disturbed rainforest growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny to glossy, bright orange thallus with a cortex but without a prothallus. The orange crust is about 0.1 mm thick and covers areas of up to 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter. The use of thin-layer chromatography shows the lichen contains an orange anthraquinone, possibly parietin. The main characteristics of the lichen that distinguish it from others in Astrothelium are its immersed to erumpent, whitish pseudostromata. It is named for its similarity to Astrothelium ferrugineum, from which it differs in its glossier thallus and larger ascospores.
Astrothelium rimosum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Guyana and Colombia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by Harrie Sipman in Kaieteur National Park at an altitude of 400 m (1,300 ft); there, in a sclerophyllous forest, it was found growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has an olive-green to yellowish-green thallus with a thick, hyaline cortex, and a yellow medulla. The thallus texture is chinked and fissured (rimose); its species epithet rimosum alludes to this characteristic. the lichen covers areas of up to 9 cm (3.5 in) in diameter. Its thallus and medulla contain an anthraquinone that results in a K+ (red) chemical spot test. The combination of characteristics of the lichen that distinguish it from others in Astrothelium are the external and internal yellow pigment of its ascomata, and the form and dimensions of its ascospores.
Astrothelium eustomurale is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors in the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho, in a low-altitude primary rainforest. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, pale yellowish-grey thallus that lacks a prothallus and covers areas of up to 12 cm (4.7 in) in diameter. The presence of the lichen does not induce the formation of galls in the host. The ascomata are pear-shaped (pyriform) and typically occur in aggregates of two to five, usually immersed in the bark tissue under the pseudostromata and with a whitish-coloured tissue that contrasts with the surrounding thallus. Black pycnidia are abundant on the pseudostromata. The area around and including the ostiole of the ascomata contains lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes these areas to glow yellow when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. The characteristics that distinguish it from other members of Astrothelium include the UV+ yellow nature of the ostiole; and the fused, erumpent pseudostromatic ascomata that have a white cover contrasting it with the thallus colour.
Astrothelium leucosessile is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Panama, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Robert Lücking, Matthew Nelsen, and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the first author from the Altos de Campana National Park at an altitude between 500 and 600 m ; there, in a submontane forest, it was found growing on the bark of roadside trees. The lichen has a smooth to uneven, light olive-grey thallus that covers areas of up to 5 cm (2 in), and has streaks of yellowish-white pruina. Both the thallus and the pseudostromata contain lichexanthone, which cause these structures to fluoresce yellow when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. The species epithet leucosessile refers to the whitish colour and sessile habit of the pseudostromata. The characteristics of the lichen that distinguish Astrothelium leucosessile from others in genus Astrothelium are its well delimited, whitish pseudostromata, which are prominent to sessile. Astrothelium phlyctaena is somewhat similar in appearance, but that species does not have conspicuous, sessile pseudostromata.
Dictyomeridium is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Trypetheliaceae. It has eight species.
