Astrothelium

Last updated

Astrothelium
Astrothelium aeneum 1368620.jpg
Astrothelium aeneum found in Florida
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Dothideomycetes
Order: Trypetheliales
Family: Trypetheliaceae
Genus: Astrothelium
Eschw. (1824)
Type species
Astrothelium conicum
Eschw. (1824)
Synonyms [1]

Astrothelium is a large genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Trypetheliaceae. [2] The genus is characterized by a corticate thallus and diverse ascomata structures, which can be simple, aggregated, or forming pseudostromata . Astrothelium is also notable for the carbonized walls of its ascomata, the so-called textura intricata (i.e., tightly interwoven) arrangement of cells in these walls, and various forms of distoseptate , transparent spores.

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 1824 by German botanist Franz Gerhard Eschweiler, with Astrothelium conicum assigned as the type species. [3]

Description

The thallus, or the vegetative body of Astrothelium, is corticate , meaning it is covered by a protective cortex . The ascomata, which are the fruiting bodies containing the reproductive spores, can appear in various forms such as simple, aggregated, or forming pseudostromata . These structures often differ in their composition and colour, and can be used as characters to distinguish between species. The ascomata can range from being immersed within the thallus to prominently displayed on the surface. The ostioles, or small openings that allow the release of spores, can be located at the apex or eccentrically on the ascomata and may appear as either simple or fused structures. [4]

Astrothelium is also notable for its ascomatal wall, which is made up of hyphal cells and is typically carbonized. The wall features a textura intricata , a term used to describe a tightly interwoven arrangement of cells. [4]

Within the hamathecium , the tissue that houses the asci (spore-producing structures), the cells are either clear or filled with oil droplets. The ascospores , which are the sexual spores responsible for reproduction, are distoseptate and hyaline in appearance. They can also exhibit a variety of forms, including transversely septate or muriform , reflecting their segmented or multi-cellular nature. [4]

Species

As of January 2024, Species Fungorum accepts 267 species in Astrothelium. [5]

Astrothelium marcidum Trypethelium marcidum - Flickr - pellaea.jpg
Astrothelium marcidum
Astrothelium nigratum Astrothelium nigratum 84987201.jpg
Astrothelium nigratum

Related Research Articles

<i>Sarcographa</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Sarcographa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It is estimated to contain 37 species. The genus was circumscribed by French botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in 1825.

<i>Graphis</i> (lichen) Genus of lichenised fungi in the family Graphidaceae

Graphis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae.

<i>Fissurina</i> Genus of fungi

Fissurina is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has about 160 species, most of which are found in tropical regions.

<i>Diorygma</i> Genus of lichens

Diorygma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824. Species of the genus are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Carbacanthographis is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologists Bettina Staiger and Klaus Kalb in 2002. An updated worldwide key to the genus was published in 2022 that added 17 new species.

<i>Acanthothecis</i> Genus of lichen

Acanthothecis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Frederick Edward Clements in 1909.

<i>Porina</i> Genus of fungi

Porina is a genus of lichens in the family Trichotheliaceae. A 2020 estimate places about 145 species in the widespread genus.

<i>Myriotrema</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Myriotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae.

<i>Architrypethelium</i> Genus of lichens

Architrypethelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae.

Polymeridium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae. Species in the genus are corticolous (bark-dwelling) and typically occur in tropical areas.

Pseudopyrenula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae.

Trypethelium is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae. The widespread genus contains about 50 species that are predominantly found in tropical areas. Trypethelium was circumscribed by German botanist Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel in 1804.

<i>Malmidea</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Malmidea is a genus of crustose lichens and the type genus of the family Malmideaceae. It was established in 2011 to contain a phylogenetically distinct group of species formerly placed in the genus Malcolmiella. The crust-like thallus of Malmidea lichens has a surface that varies from smooth to rough, featuring textures such as verrucose (wart-like), granulose (grainy), or pustulate (pimpled). These textures are often formed by goniocysts, which are spherical clusters of green algal cells from the family Chlorococcaceae, encased in fungal hyphae. Malmidea comprises nearly 70 mostly tropical species that grow on bark, although a few grow on leaves.

<i>Allographa</i> Genus of lichen

Allographa is a genus of script lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has nearly 200 species. Formally circumscribed in 1824 by François Fulgis Chevallier, Allographa was formerly included in Graphis, but was upgraded to generic status in 2018 by lichenologists Klaus Kalb and Robert Lücking.

<i>Viridothelium</i> Genus of lichens

Viridothelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae. It has 11 species. The genus was circumscribed by Robert Lücking Matthew Nelsen, and André Aptroot in 2016, with Viridothelium virens assigned as the type species. Lichens in this genus were previously assigned to genus Trypethelium, as part of the Trypethelium virens clade.

<i>Bathelium</i> Genus of lichens

Bathelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae.

Henricus (Harrie) Johannes Maria Sipman is a Dutch lichenologist. He specialises in tropical and subtropical lichens, and has authored or co-authored more than 250 scientific publications. He was the curator of the lichen herbarium at the Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum from 1983 until his retirement in 2010.

Dictyomeridium is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Trypetheliaceae. It has eight species.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy: Astrothelium Eschw., Syst. Lich.: 26 (1824)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  2. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 .
  3. ↑ Eschweiler, Franz Gerhard (1824). Systema Lichenum, Genera Exhibens rite distincta, Pluribus Novis Adaucta (in Latin). Nuremberg: J.L. Schrag. pp. 18, 26.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 Aptroot, André; Lücking, Robert (2016). "A revisionary synopsis of the Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Trypetheliales)". The Lichenologist. 48 (6): 763–982. doi: 10.1017/s0024282916000487 .
  5. ↑ "Astrothelium". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Aptroot, André; Ertz, Damien; Etayo Salazar, Javier Angel; Gueidan, Cécile; Mercado Diaz, Joel Alejandro; Schumm, Felix; Weerakoon, Gothamie (2016). "Forty-six new species of Trypetheliaceae from the tropics". The Lichenologist. 48 (6): 609–638. doi: 10.1017/s002428291600013x .
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Aptroot, André; Mendonça, Cléverton de Oliveira; Andrade, Danyelly Santos; Silva, Jeanne dos Reis; Martins, Suzana Maria de Azevedo; Gumboski, Emerson; Fraga, Carlos Augusto Vidigal; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2016). "New Trypetheliaceae from northern and southern Atlantic rainforests in Brazil". The Lichenologist. 48 (6): 713–725. doi: 10.1017/s0024282916000037 .
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Flakus, Adam; Kukwa, Martin; Aptroot, André (2016). "Trypetheliaceae of Bolivia: an updated checklist with descriptions of twenty-four new species". The Lichenologist. 48 (6): 661–692. doi: 10.1017/S0024282915000559 .
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 da Silva Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia; Aptroot, André (2017). "Lichens from the Brazilian Amazon, with special reference to the genus Astrothelium". The Bryologist. 120 (2): 166–182. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-120.2.166.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Lücking, Robert; Nelsen, Matthew P.; Aptroot, André; Benatti, Michel Navarro; Binh, Nguyen Quoc; Gueidan, Cecile; Gutiérrez, Martha Cecilia; Jungbluth, Patricia; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Marcelli, Marcelo P.; Moncada, Bibiana; Naksuwankul, Khwanruan; Orozco, Thelma; Salazar-Allen, Noris; Upreti, Dalip K. (2016). "A pot-pourri of new species of Trypetheliaceae resulting from molecular phylogenetic studies". The Lichenologist. 48 (6): 639–660. doi: 10.1017/S0024282916000475 .
  11. 1 2 Lücking, Robert; Álvaro-Alba, Wilson Ricardo; Moncada, Bibiana; Marín-Canchala, Norida Lucia; Tunjano, Sonia Sua; Cárdenas-López, Dairon (2023). "Lichens from the Colombian Amazon: 666 taxa including 28 new species and 157 new country records document an extraordinary diversity". The Bryologist. 126 (2): 242–303. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-126.2.242.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Aptroot, André; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2016). "New Trypetheliaceae from the Amazon basin in Rondônia (Brazil), the centre of diversity of the genus Astrothelium". The Lichenologist. 48 (6): 693–712. doi: 10.1017/s0024282915000584 .
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aptroot, André; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Barreto, Flávia Maria Oliveira; Nunes, Ariel Dantas; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2019). "Ten new species and 34 new country records of Trypetheliaceae". The Lichenologist. 51 (1): 27–43. doi:10.1017/s002428291800052x.
  14. 1 2 Kukwa, Martin; Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela; Aptroot, André; Flakus, Adam (2023). "Two new species of Astrothelium from Sud Yungas in Bolivia and the first discovery of vegetative propagules in the family Trypetheliaceae (lichen-forming Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota)". MycoKeys (95): 83–100. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986 . PMC   10210239 . PMID   37251997.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Junior, Isaias Oliveira; Aptroot, André; da Silva Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia (2021). "Lichens from Monte Pascoal, Bahia, Brazil, with some new pyrenocarpous species and a key to the Pyrenula species from Brazil". The Bryologist. 124 (4): 552–568. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-124.4.552.
  16. ↑ Córdova-Chávez, Octavio; Aptroot, André; Castillo-Camposa, Gonzalo; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva; Pérez-Pérez, Rosa Emilia (2014). "Three new lichen species from cloud forest in Veracuz, Mexico". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 35 (2): 157–162. doi:10.7872/crym.v35.iss2.2014.157.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Aptroot, André; de Souza, Maria Fernanda; dos Santos, Lidiane Alves; Junior, Isaias Oliveira; Barbosa, Bruno Micael Cardoso; da Silva, Marcela Eugenia Cáceres (2022). "New species of lichenized fungi from Brazil, with a record report of 492 species in a small area of the Amazon Forest". The Bryologist. 125 (3): 435–467. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-125.3.433.
  18. 1 2 da Silva Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia; Aptroot, André (2016). "First inventory of lichens from the Brazilian Amazon in Amapá State". The Bryologist. 119 (3): 250–265. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.3.250.
  19. 1 2 3 Kalb, Klaus; Aptroot, André (2018). "New lichen species from Brazil and Venezuela". The Bryologist. 121 (1): 56–66. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-121.1.056.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.