| Astrothelium rhinothallinum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Trypetheliales |
| Family: | Trypetheliaceae |
| Genus: | Astrothelium |
| Species: | A. rhinothallinum |
| Binomial name | |
| Astrothelium rhinothallinum | |
Astrothelium rhinothallinum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, [1] first described in 2018. It is found in Brazil.
Astrothelium rhinothallinum was formally described by the lichenologists Klaus Kalb and André Aptroot in 2018. The type specimen was collected by the first author in the Mantiqueira Mountains, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 15 March 1980. In a dense and humid submontane rainforest in the lower mountains, at an elevation of 1,050 m (3,440 ft), the lichen was growing on tree bark. The specific epithet rhinothallinum refers to the thallus, which, according to the authors, resembles the skin of a rhinoceros. [2]
The thallus of Astrothelium rhinothallinum is dull and olivaceous green, and not surrounded by a prothallus . The ascomata are spherical to pyriform (pear-shaped), 0.7–1.2 mm in diameter, solitary in pseudostromatal warts. The pseudostroma is hemispherical, completely covered by a thallus layer, about 1.5 mm in diameter, and without pigmentation. Ostioles are apical, depressed, and brown. The hamathecium is inspersed with oil droplets. Ascospores number eight per ascus, and are hyaline, regularly muriform , and measure 65–71 by 16–19.5 μm. They have a long-ellipsoid shape, lack a distinctly thickened median septum, and are not surrounded by a wide gelatinous sheath. Pycnidia were not observed to occur in this species. [2]
The thallus of Astrothelium rhinothallinum is patchily UV+ (yellow), C−, K−, KC−, and P−. Thin-layer chromatography analysis confirms the presence of lichexanthone. [2]
Astrothelium rhinothallinum is found on tree bark in forest environments and at the time of its original publication, was known to occur only in Brazil. [2]
Astrothelium stromatofluorescens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is only known to occur in a few locations in Brazil and Bolivia.
Astrothelium ochroleucoides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Brazil and Guyana.
Astrothelium supraclandestinum is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This lichen species is closely related to Astrothelium subclandestinum, but differs in its hamathecium, which is not inspersed. The species is widespread and has been observed in several countries across different continents.
Astrothelium testudineum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Brazil.
Astrothelium xanthosuperbum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Rondônia, Brazil. The species is characterized by its large muriform ascospores and is similar in appearance to Astrothelium disjunctum.
Astrothelium miniannulare is a species of crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, characterized by its corticolous (bark-dwelling) habitat and presence of lichexanthone. Characteristics of the lichen include the whitish ring around its ostiole and the presence of three septa in the ascospores.
Astrothelium conjugatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2016. It is known to occur in Sri Lanka.
Viridothelium leptoseptatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2016. Found in Brazil, it resembles Astrothelium aeneum but differs in several key aspects, including the absence of pigment on the thallus and specific features of its ascospores.
Lecanactis malmideoides is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. First described in 2018, it is found in Brazil. Characteristics of the lichen include its pruinosediscs, thin and glossy black margins, and ascospore structure.
Rinodina densisidiata is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae, first described in 2018. Found in Brazil, it is characterised its dense layer of cylindrical isidia and unique ascospore characteristics.
Rinodina maronisidiata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae, first described in 2018. Found at high altitudes in the Venezuelan Andes, it is characterised by its unique isidia-covered thallus and specific ascospore morphology.
Astrothelium trematum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2018. Found only in Brazil, it is characterised by its lack of lichexanthone and pigments, and distinctive ascospores.
Astrothelium simplex is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2016. It is found in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.
Astrothelium rubrocrystallinum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2016. It is found in Brazil.
Astrothelium megeustomum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first scientifically described in 2016. It is found in Brazil.
Astrothelium macrostomum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
Astrothelium longisporum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It occurs in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.
Astrothelium graphicum is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This lichen features an extended, reticulate pseudostroma that is lower than its slightly bullate thallus.
Astrothelium globosum is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This species is characterised by its immersed ascomata and a thallus consisting of nearly spherical warts, along with distinctive 3-septate ascospores.
Astrothelium curvatum is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2016. It is characterised by its immersed pyriform ascomata with lateral ostioles and bent, muriform ascospores.