| Astrothelium simplex | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Trypetheliales |
| Family: | Trypetheliaceae |
| Genus: | Astrothelium |
| Species: | A. simplex |
| Binomial name | |
| Astrothelium simplex Aptroot & S.M.A.Martins (2016) | |
Astrothelium simplex is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, [1] first described in 2016. It is found in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.
Astrothelium simplex was formally described as a new species by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Suzana Maria de Azevedo Martins in 2016. The type specimen was collected by the second author in Caraá, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on 27 April 2009. [2]
The thallus of Astrothelium simplex is corticate , bullate , somewhat shiny, and continuous, covering areas up to 7 cm in diameter and approximately 0.3 mm thick. The thallus is olive-green in colour and does not have a prothallus , but it does induce gall formation on the host bark. The ascomata are pyriform (pear-shaped), measuring about 0.6–0.9 mm in diameter, typically aggregated in groups of 2–5, and mostly immersed in the bark tissue. The wall is carbonised and up to 80 μm thick. Ostioles are eccentric, fused, raised, and dark brown, and surrounded by an ochraceous zone. The hamathecium does not contain oil globules. Asci contain eight ascospores each. Ascospores are hyaline, 3-septate, fusiform , measuring 56–63 by 15–19 μm, with pointed ends and diamond-shaped lumina , and lack a gelatinous sheath. Pycnidia were not observed. [2]
The thallus surface of Astrothelium simplex is UV−, and the medulla does not react to potassium hydroxide (K−). Thin-layer chromatography analysis detected no secondary metabolites in this lichen. [2]
This species is found on the smooth bark of trees in the Atlantic Forest and at the time of its original publication was known to occur only in Brazil. [2]
Astrothelium minicecidiogenum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Costa Rica, it was formally described as a new species in 2019 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Harrie Sipman. The type specimen was collected by Aptroot from Tenorio Volcano National Park (Alajuela) at an altitude of 700 m (2,300 ft). The lichen has a smooth and shiny, olive-green thallus with a cortex, but lacking a prothallus. It covers areas up to about 7 cm (3 in) in diameter. It has pear-shaped (pyriform) ascomata, measuring 0.7–1.3 mm in diameter, which occur singly, immersed in the bark and under the thallus cortex. They are surrounded by carbonized (blackened) walls up to 80 μm thick. The ascospores are hyaline to yellowish, and muriform, with dimensions of 70–90 by 20–25 μm. They number eight per ascus. The specific epithet minicecidiogenum refers to both its relatively small spores and its resemblance to Astrothelium cecidiogenum.
Astrothelium studerae is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2019 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve at an altitude between 500 and 700 m. The specific epithet studerae honours Anita Studer, "the protector of the isolated patch of Atlantic rainforest in Alagoas where the new species was collected".
Astrothelium aeneoides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Puerto Rico, where it grows on the smooth bark of rainforest trees.
Astrothelium stromatofluorescens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is only known to occur in a few locations in Brazil and Bolivia.
Astrothelium sinuosum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by André Aptroot and Emerson Gumboski. The type specimen was collected by the second author from the Rio Pardinho e Rio Vermelho Environmental Protection Area ; there, in an Atlantic Forest habitat, it was found growing on smooth tree bark.
Astrothelium pictum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the author from the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Santuário Caraça at an altitude of 1,300 m (4,300 ft); there, in an Atlantic Forest habitat, it was found growing on smooth tree bark.
Astrothelium mesoduplex is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is similar to A. flavoduplex but has larger ascospores and lacks lichexanthone. This lichen species has been found only in Brazil, particularly in primary forests.
Astrothelium testudineum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Brazil.
Viridothelium leptoseptatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2016. Found in Brazil, it resembles Astrothelium aeneum but differs in several key aspects, including the absence of pigment on the thallus and specific features of its ascospores.
Trypethelium luteolucidum is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first formally described in 2016. Found in Brazil and Mexico, it is similar to Trypethelium regnellii, but differs by the presence of anthraquinone crystals in the pseudostromata.
Polymeridium longiflavens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2016. It is found in Brazil.
Polymeridium endoflavens is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2016. This species is found in Brazil.
Astrothelium tetrasporum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2016. It is found in Brazil.
Astrothelium rubrocrystallinum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2016. It is found in Brazil.
Astrothelium megeustomum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first scientifically described in 2016. It is found in Brazil.
Astrothelium macrostomum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
Astrothelium longisporum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It occurs in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.
Astrothelium graphicum is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This lichen features an extended, reticulate pseudostroma that is lower than its slightly bullate thallus.
Astrothelium globosum is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This species is characterised by its immersed ascomata and a thallus consisting of nearly spherical warts, along with distinctive 3-septate ascospores.
Astrothelium curvatum is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2016. It is characterised by its immersed pyriform ascomata with lateral ostioles and bent, muriform ascospores.