Atelopus pachydermus

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Atelopus pachydermus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Atelopus
Species:
A. pachydermus
Binomial name
Atelopus pachydermus
(Schmidt, 1857)
Synonyms [2]
  • Phirix pachydermus Schmidt, 1857
  • Phryniscus pachydermus (Schmidt, 1857)

Atelopus pachydermus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the Andes of northern Peru (Amazonas and Cajamarca Regions) and southern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe Province). [2] [3] [4] Records from Colombia reflect the vagueness of the stated type locality, "Neu-Granada", encompassing territory part of several present-day countries. Other records outside the current range refer to other species. [3] The most recent record of this very rare and possibly extinct species is from around 1995. [1] However, there is a need to reassess the status of this species because of confusion with Atelopus podocarpus . [4]

Etymology

The specific name pachydermus is Greek and mean "thick skin". [3] Common name Schmidt's stubfoot toad has been coined for this species, [1] [2] in reference to Eduard Oscar Schmidt who described the species. [5] An alternative common name is Oyacachi jambato toad. [4]

Description

Adult males measure 44–56 mm (1.7–2.2 in) and adult females, based on two specimens only, 56–62 mm (2.2–2.4 in) in snout–vent length. [3] [4] The snout is acuminate. The tympanic membrane is absent. The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes are webbed. The dorsum is covered by widely scattered or dense well-defined, rounded warts. The dorsum is yellow and has a dark brown pattern of marks, blotches and/or lines. The venter is white, sometimes orange or red. [4]

Habitat and conservation

Atelopus pachydermus occurs near streams in páramo and sub-páramo at an elevation of about 2,600 m (8,500 ft) above sea level. Breeding takes place in streams, and the species seems to depend on a permanent source of water. [1]

In Peru, Atelopus pachydermus was last recorded in 1994 or 1995 in the Cutervo National Park. The status of this population is unknown, but extensive agricultural activity is taking place within the park. In Ecuador, the species has been recorded only once in 1985, and later surveys has revealed no new observations. [1] However, this record may be in error. [4] Threats to this species are habitat loss, and possibly climate change and chytridiomycosis. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Atelopus</i> Genus of amphibians

Atelopus is a large genus of Bufonidae, commonly known as harlequin frogs or toads, from Central and South America, ranging as far north as Costa Rica and as far south as Bolivia. Atelopus species are small, generally brightly colored, and diurnal. Most species are associated with mid-to-high elevation streams.

<i>Atelopus longirostris</i> Species of amphibian

Atelopus longirostris is a species of harlequin frog, a member of the family of true toads (Bufonidae). It has been recorded only in northern Ecuador. Records from Colombia probably represent different species. Once listed as extinct by the IUCN, it was rediscovered in 2016 after more than two decade with no sightings.

<i>Atelopus balios</i> Species of amphibian

Atelopus balios, the Rio Pescado stubfoot toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to southwestern Ecuador, with records from Pacific lowlands in Azuay, Cañar, and Guayas Provinces. It is a rare species that was already suspected to be extinct, but a single specimen was discovered in 2011 by a team from Conservation International during a hunt for missing amphibians. The decline in amphibian populations is well documented. The Atelopus balios is Critically Endangered as a result of the widespread amphibian Chytridiomycosis fungus that has decimated other amphibian populations. There are only 10 known findings of the tadpole, Atelopus balios.

<i>Atelopus bomolochos</i> Species of amphibian

Atelopus bomolochos, the Azuay stubfoot toad or Cuenca jambato frog, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to southern Ecuador and known from Cordillera Oriental in the Azuay, Cañar, and Loja Provinces.

<i>Atelopus carbonerensis</i> Species of amphibian

Atelopus carbonerensis, also known as the Venezuelan yellow frog and La Carbonera stubfoot toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Mérida Andes of Venezuela. Following an observation in 1998, it was feared extinct for nearly two decades until a single individual was sighted in 2014, followed by an observation of a mating pair in 2021.

<i>Atelopus chiriquiensis</i> Extinct species of amphibian

Atelopus chiriquiensis, the Chiriqui harlequin frog or Lewis' stubfoot toad, is an extinct species of toad in the family Bufonidae that was found in the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica and western Panama. Its natural habitats were stream margins in lower montane wet forests and rainforests. Its elevational range was 1,400–2,500 m (4,600–8,200 ft) asl.

<i>Atelopus exiguus</i> Species of amphibian

Atelopus exiguus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and only known from the area of its type locality in the Azuay Province of southern Ecuador, in the sub-páramo and páramo of Cordillera Occidental. Common name Mazán jambato frog has been proposed for it.

<i>Atelopus ignescens</i> Species of amphibian

Atelopus ignescens, the Jambato toad or Quito stubfoot toad or Jambato harlequin frog, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the northern Andes of Ecuador. This once abundant species was believed to be extinct until its rediscovery in 2016. The specific name ignescens means "to catch fire," presumably in reference to the orange ventral color of this species.

Atelopus lynchi, also known as Lynch's stubfoot toad or Lynch's harlequin frog, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It occurs in northern Ecuador (Carchi) and in southern Colombia. It occurs on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera Occidental, as the westernmost ranges of the Andes are known in both Colombia and in Ecuador. Prior to its description, it was confused with Atelopus longirostris.

<i>Atelopus mucubajiensis</i> Species of amphibian

Atelopus mucubajiensis, also known as the Mucubaji stubfoot toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Mérida Andes of Venezuela. This once abundant species was last observed in 2004. It is likely extinct.

Atelopus planispina is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador. According to the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, it is restricted to the Napo Province, although other sources suggest somewhat wider range. It has not been seen since 1985 and might already be extinct. Common names Planispina's harlequin frog, Napo stubfoot toad, and flat-spined atelopus have been coined for it.

<i>Osornophryne bufoniformis</i> Species of amphibian

Osornophryne bufoniformis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the Andes of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. Common name Peracca's plump toad has been proposed for it, in allusion to Mario Giacinto Peracca, the scientist who described this species in 1904.

<i>Atelopus petersi</i> Species of amphibian

Atelopus petersi is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and is known from the Cordillera Oriental in the Napo Province and more provisionally, in the Chimborazo Province. The specific name petersi honors James A. Peters, an American zoologist who collected the first specimens of this species in 1962 and provided a description under the name Atelopus pachydermus. Common names Peters' stubfoot toad and Peters' jambato toad have been coined for it.

Atelopus eusebiodiazi is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to north-western Peru and only known from its type locality in Huamba, near Ayabaca, Piura Region. The specific name eusebiodiazi honors Eusebio Diaz, taxidermist at the Museum of Natural History, Lima, and the collector of the holotype.

Atelopus onorei is a small species of bright yellow and green toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and is only known from the vicinity of its type locality on the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental in the Azuay Province. It has not been seen since 1990 and may now be extinct, but it is possible that overlooked populations remain.

Atelopus pastuso is a species of frog in the family Bufonidae. It has not been seen since 1993, and is possibly extinct.

Atelopus podocarpus is a species of frog in the family Bufonidae. It has not been seen since 1994, and is believed to be possibly extinct.

Atelopus gigas is a species of frog in the family Bufonidae. It has not been seen since 1970 and is considered possibly extinct.

Atelopus orcesi is a species of frog in the family Bufonidae. It has not been seen since 1988, and is believed to be possibly extinct.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2019). "Atelopus pachydermus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T54536A49537046. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T54536A49537046.en . Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Atelopus pachydermus (Schmidt, 1857)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Coloma, Luis A.; Lötters, Stefan; Duellman, William E. & Miranda-Leiva, Alfonso (2007). "A taxonomic revision of Atelopus pachydermus, and description of two new (extinct?) species of Atelopus from Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae)". Zootaxa. 1557 (1): 1–32. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1557.1.1.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Coloma, L. A.; et al. (2018). Ron, S. R.; Merino-Viteri, A.; Ortiz, D. A. (eds.). "Atelopus pachydermus". Anfibios del Ecuador. Version 2018.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  5. ↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 192. ISBN   978-1-907807-42-8.
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