Banksia armata var. armata | |
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Habit in the Beelu National Park | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Proteales |
Family: | Proteaceae |
Genus: | Banksia |
Species: | |
Variety: | B. a. var. armata |
Trinomial name | |
Banksia armata var. armata | |
Synonyms [1] | |
Banksia armata var. armata is a variety of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It differs from the other variety (Banksia armata var. ignicida) in having a lignotuber, narrower leaves with more side lobes and shorter flowers. It is also usually a shorter plant.
Banksia armata var. armata is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) and forms a lignotuber. It has leaves that are 20–80 mm (0.79–3.15 in) long and 8–20 mm (0.31–0.79 in) wide and deeply serrated with between six and thirteen triangular, sharply pointed lobes on each side. The perianth is yellow, 25–32 mm (0.98–1.26 in) long and the pistil 28–39 mm (1.1–1.5 in) long. [2] [3] [4]
Specimens of B. armata were first collected at King George Sound in December 1801 by Robert Brown. Brown published a description of the species in 1810, naming it Dryandra armata in the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London . [5] [6] The specific epithet (armata) is from the Latin armatus meaning "armed", in reference to the sharply serrated leaves. [7]
Thirty years later, John Lindley published a purported new species, which he named Dryandra favosa, published in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony . [8] [9] Dryandra favosa was accepted as a species by Carl Meissner in 1845, [10] but declared a taxonomic synonym of D. armata by him in 1856. [11] The latter view was taken by George Bentham his 1870 Flora Australiensis . [12]
In 1996, Alex George published Dryandra armata var. ignicida, thereby invoking the autonym D. armata var. armata. George also refined the synonymy of D. favosa to this subspecies. [3] In 2007, all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele and the change is accepted by the Australian Plant Census. [1] [13] [14]
This variety is widespread in the south-west, mainly between Mount Lesueur, Walpole and the Cape Arid National Park. It grows amongst open woodland and kwongan, usually on rocky soils. [2] [3] [4]
This variety of B. armata is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. [2]
Banksia nutans, commonly known as nodding banksia, is a species of shrub native to the south coast of Western Australia in the genus Banksia. Growing to a metre (3 ft) tall, it has pale blue-green fine-leaved foliage and unusual purple-brown inflorescences which hang upside down rather than grow upright like most other banksias.
Banksia armata, commonly known as prickly dryandra, is a species of often sprawling shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has deeply serrated leaves with sharply pointed lobes and spikes of about 45 to 70 yellow flowers.
Banksia densa is a species of column-like shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has deeply serrated to pinnatifid leaves, creamy yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy-five, and hairy follicles.
Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.
Banksia fraseri is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatisect leaves with between four and eighteen sharply-pointed lobes on each side, between eighty and one hundred pink to cream-coloured flowers and wedge-shaped follicles.
Banksia kippistiana is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatifid leaves with ten to twenty lobes on each side, heads of up to eighty yellow and cream-coloured flowers, and elliptical follicles.
Banksia undata, commonly known as urchin dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sessile, wedge-shaped, wavy, serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of between 80 and 160, and later up to eight follicles in each head.
Banksia proteoides, commonly known as king dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra proteoides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.
Banksia bella, commonly known as the Wongan dryandra, is a species of dense shrub that is endemic to a restricted area of Western Australia. It has narrow, deeply serrated leaves covered with white hairs on the lower surface, heads of yellow flowers and few follicles in the fruiting head.
Banksia splendida, commonly known as shaggy dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sharply-pointed linear leaves that are woolly on the lower surface, cream-coloured and maroon or yellow flowers in heads of between 65 and 115, and later up to eight egg-shaped follicles in each head.
Banksia stuposa is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatifid leaves, golden yellow and white flowers in heads of one hundred or more, and hairy, egg-shaped follicles.
Banksia tortifolia is a small, spreading, prostrate shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short underground stems, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on each side, greenish-cream, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about eighty, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.
Banksia armata var. ignicida is a variety of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It differs from the autonym in not having a lignotuber. It is also usually a taller plant with leaves that are longer with fewer side lobes, and longer flowers.
Robert Brown's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was the first arrangement of what is now Banksia ser. Dryandra. His initial arrangement was published in 1810, and a further arrangement, including an infrageneric classification, followed in 1830. Aspects of Brown's arrangements can be recognised in the later arrangements of George Bentham and Alex George.
Banksia spinulosa var. collina is a shrub that grows along the east coast of Australia, in Queensland and New South Wales. Commonly known as Hill Banksia or Golden Candlesticks, it is a taxonomic variety of B. spinulosa. It is a popular garden plant widely sold in nurseries.
George Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was published in 1870, in Volume 5 of Bentham's Flora Australiensis. It replaced the 1856 arrangement of Carl Meissner, and stood for over a century before being replaced by the 1996 arrangement of Alex George.
Carl Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra, now Banksia ser. Dryandra, was published in 1856 as part of his chapter on the Proteaceae in A. P. de Candolle's Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. It replaced the 1830 arrangement of Robert Brown, and remained current until superseded by the 1870 arrangement of George Bentham.
Banksia spinulosa var. spinulosa is a shrub that grows along the east coast of Australia, in Queensland and New South Wales.
Banksia spinulosa var. cunninghamii, sometimes given species rank as Banksia cunninghamii, is a shrub that grows along the east coast of Australia, in Victoria and New South Wales. It is a fast-growing non-lignotuberous shrub or small tree infrequently cultivated.
Banksia sessilis var. cordata is a variety of Banksia sessilis, with unusually large leaves and flower heads. It is a rare variety that is restricted to the extreme south-west corner of Western Australia.