Banksia armata

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Prickly dryandra
Banksia armata gnangarra 02.JPG
B. armata var. armata in Beelu National Park
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. armata
Binomial name
Banksia armata
Varieties
Synonyms [1]
  • Dryandra armataR.Br.
  • Josephia armata(R.Br.) Poir.

Banksia armata, commonly known as prickly dryandra, [2] is a species of often sprawling shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has deeply serrated leaves with sharply pointed lobes and spikes of about 45 to 70 yellow flowers.

Contents

Description

Banksia armata grows as a sprawling, spreading or upright shrub that typically grows to a height of 1.5–3 m (4 ft 11 in – 9 ft 10 in) and sometimes forms a lignotuber. It has deeply serrated leaves that are 20–80 mm (0.79–3.15 in) long and 8–25 mm (0.31–0.98 in) wide with five to thirteen sharply pointed, wedge-shaped to narrow egg-shaped lobes on each side. The flowers are arranged in spikes of between 45 and 70, each flower with a yellow, sometimes pink perianth 25–39 mm (0.98–1.54 in) long. Flowering occurs from June to November and the fruit is an egg-shaped follicle 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in) long. [2] [3] [4]

Taxonomy

Specimens of B. armata were first collected at King George Sound in December 1801 by Robert Brown. Brown published a description of the species in 1810 in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London naming it Dryandra armata. [5] [6] The specific epithet is from the Latin armatus meaning "armed", [7] in reference to the sharply serrated leaves. Thirty years later, John Lindley published a purported new species, which he named Dryandra favosa. [8] This was accepted as a species by Carl Meissner in 1845, [9] but declared a taxonomic synonym of D. armata by him in 1856, [10] and the latter view was taken by George Bentham his 1870 Flora Australiensis . [11] In 1996, Alex George published D. a. var. ignicida, resulting in the automatic creation of the autonym D. a. var.armata. George also refined the synonymy of D. favosa to D. armata var. armata. [12] In 2007, all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele so that the name D. armata changed to Banksia armata. [13] [14]

The names of the two varieties of this species are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Distribution and habitat

The species is widespread throughout most of the south-west. The main distribution is between Perth and Albany, but it also occurs near Mount Lesueur in the north, and between Esperance and Israelite Bay on the south coast. It grows on sandy loam or in rocky soils in tall shrubland or low woodland. [2] [3]

Conservation status

Banksia armata and both varieties are classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. [2] [17] [18]

Related Research Articles

Banksia biterax is a species of dense shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply serrated leaves and spikes of up to 200 pale to dark brown flowers.

Banksia brunnea is a species of low, bushy shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has dark green pinnatisect leaves, heads of up to seventy pink and brownish flowers and glabrous follicles in the fruiting head.

<i>Banksia carlinoides</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia

Banksia carlinoides, commonly known as the pink dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has narrow egg-shaped to wedge-shaped leaves with a few sharply pointed serrations and heads of up to one hundred creamy white flowers, often tinged pink.

<i>Banksia cirsioides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteacea endemic to Western Australia

Banksia cirsioides is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatisect leaves with between six and ten lobes on each side and hairy heads of yellow and pink flowers.

Banksia densa is a species of column-like shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has deeply serrated to pinnatifid leaves, creamy yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy-five, and hairy follicles.

<i>Banksia falcata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia falcata, commonly known as prickly dryandra, is a species of prickly, column-shaped shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has serrated or pinnatipartite leaves, heads of up to 150 yellow flowers and soft-hairy fruit.

<i>Banksia rufa</i> Species of prostrate shrub

Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia formosa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia formosa, commonly known as showy dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has pinnatipartite leaves with up to forty triangular lobes on each side, up to more than two hundred, conspicuous golden orange flowers and up to sixteen egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia hewardiana</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia hewardiana is a species of openly branched shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, serrated leaves with sharply pointed teeth, head of up to sixty lemon-yellow flowers and oblong follicles.

<i>Banksia kippistiana</i> Shrub endemic to Western Australia

Banksia kippistiana is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatifid leaves with ten to twenty lobes on each side, heads of up to eighty yellow and cream-coloured flowers, and elliptical follicles.

<i>Banksia dallanneyi</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia dallanneyi, commonly known as couch honeypot, is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It only has a short above-ground stem, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect leaves, between thirty and seventy variously coloured flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped fruit.

<i>Banksia obtusa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia obtusa, commonly known as shining honeypot, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has underground stems, linear pinnatifid leaves with triangular lobes on each side, cream-coloured to yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy, surrounded by dark reddish bracts and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia undata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia.

Banksia undata, commonly known as urchin dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sessile, wedge-shaped, wavy, serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of between 80 and 160, and later up to eight follicles in each head.

Banksia acuminata is a rare prostrate shrub endemic to south-west Western Australia. It was published in 1848 as Dryandra preissii, but transferred into Banksia as B. acuminata in 2007.

<i>Banksia bella</i> Species of shrub endemic to Western Australia

Banksia bella, commonly known as the Wongan dryandra, is a species of dense shrub that is endemic to a restricted area of Western Australia. It has narrow, deeply serrated leaves covered with white hairs on the lower surface, heads of yellow flowers and few follicles in the fruiting head.

<i>Banksia splendida</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia splendida, commonly known as shaggy dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sharply-pointed linear leaves that are woolly on the lower surface, cream-coloured and maroon or yellow flowers in heads of between 65 and 115, and later up to eight egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia tenuis</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia tenuis is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has pinnatifid, serrated or smooth-edges leaves, golden brown and cream-coloured flowers in heads of about fifty-five and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia tortifolia is a small, spreading, prostrate shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short underground stems, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on each side, greenish-cream, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about eighty, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia armata <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> armata</i> Variety of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia armata var. armata is a variety of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It differs from the other variety in having a lignotuber, narrower leaves with more side lobes and shorter flowers. It is also usually a shorter plant.

<i>Banksia armata <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> ignicida</i> Variety of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia armata var. ignicida is a variety of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It differs from the autonym in not having a lignotuber. It is also usually a taller plant with leaves that are longer with fewer side lobes, and longer flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia armata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Banksia armata". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. 1 2 Cavanagh, Tony; Pieroni, Margaret (2006). The Dryandras. Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. ISBN   1-876473-54-1.
  4. 1 2 3 George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. pp. 268–269. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  5. ↑ "Dryandra armata". APNI. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  6. ↑ Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 213. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  7. ↑ Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. p. 137. ISBN   9780958034180.
  8. ↑ Lindley, John (1839). "A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony". Appendix to the first twenty-three volumes of Edwards's Botanical Register . London: James Ridgeway.
  9. ↑ Meissner, Carl (1845). "Dryandra". In Lehmann, Johann (ed.). Plantae Preissianae. Hamburg: Meissner. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  10. ↑ Meissner, Carl (1856). "Dryandra". In de Candolle, A. P. (ed.). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis . Retrieved 14 September 2007.
  11. ↑ Bentham, George (1870). "Banksia". Flora Australiensis . Vol. 5: Myoporineae to Proteaceae. London: L. Reeve & Co. pp. 541–562.
  12. ↑ George, Alex S. (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae)". Nuytsia . 10 (3): 313–408.
  13. ↑ Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2007). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany . 20: 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  14. ↑ "Banksia armata". APNI. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  15. ↑ "Banksia armata var. armata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  16. ↑ "Banksia armata var. ignicida". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  17. ↑ "Banksia armata var. armata". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  18. ↑ "Banksia armata var. ignicida". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
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