Banksia erythrocephala

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Banksia erythrocephala
Dryandra sp 1 North Karlgarin NR.jpg
Near Kondinin
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. erythrocephala
Binomial name
Banksia erythrocephala
Synonyms [1]

Dryandra erythrocephalaC.A.Gardner

Banksia erythrocephala is a species of prickly shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has erect stems, sharply pointed pinnatifid leaves, cream-coloured and reddish black or all cream-coloured and yellow flowers, and egg-shaped fruit.

Contents

Description

Banksia erythrocephala is a shrub with erect stems that typically grows to a height of 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) and forms a lignotuber. It has linear, pinnatifid leaves that are curved, 60–110 mm (2.4–4.3 in) long and 10–16 mm (0.39–0.63 in) wide on a petiole up to 30 mm (1.2 in) long, with between two and six sharply-pointed, linear lobes on each side. The flowers are borne on a head containing between fifteen and twenty-six flowers in each head. There are tapering linear involucral bracts up to 28 mm (1.1 in) long at the base of the head. The flowers have a dull reddish black and cream-coloured, or all yellow (depending on subspecies) perianth 23–40 mm (0.91–1.57 in) long and a cream-coloured pistil 22–36 mm (0.87–1.42 in) long. Flowering occurs from October to December or from January to June and the follicles are egg-shaped and 8–11 mm (0.31–0.43 in) long. [2] [3]

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described in 1928 by Charles Austin Gardner who gave it the name Dryandra erythrocephala and published the description in the Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia from specimens he collected in 1926. [4] [5]

In 1996, Alex George described two varieties of this species: [6]

In 2007, Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all the dryandras to the genus Banksia and this species became Banksia erythrocephala. [9] [10] The specific epithet (erythrocephala) is derived from ancient Greek words meaning "red" and "headed". [11]

The two varieties described by George were renamed Banksia erythrocephala(C.A.Gardner) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele var. erythrocephala [12] and Banksia erythrocephala var. inopinata (A.S.George) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele [13]

Distribution and habitat

Banksia erythrocephala var. erythrocephala grows in kwongan between Kulin, Nyabing and east of Hyden. Variety inopinata grows in kwongan and has been recorded near Dumbleyung, Kulin and Nyabing. [2]

Ecology

An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that it was likely to be driven to extinction by loss of habitat by 2080, even under mild climate change scenarios. [14]

Conservation status

Variety inopinata is classified as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife [15] meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat [16] but var. erythrocephala is listed as "not threatened". [17]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Banksia bipinnatifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia bipinnatifida is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It is a prostrate shrub with a lignotuber, an underground stem, only a few divided leaves, large cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers and large fruit.

Banksia densa is a species of column-like shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has deeply serrated to pinnatifid leaves, creamy yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy-five, and hairy follicles.

<i>Banksia obovata</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia obovata, commonly known as wedge-leaved dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, serrated, wedge-shaped to egg-shaped leaves with the lower end towards the base, cream-coloured or pale yellow flowers in heads of up to 100, and egg-shaped follicles. It is found in near-coastal areas in the south of the state.

<i>Banksia cynaroides</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia

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<i>Banksia drummondii</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatifid to pinnatisect leaves, heads of up to one hundred cream-coloured, red and yellow flowers and glabrous fruit.

Banksia epimicta is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has crowded, sharply pointed pinnatifid leaves, large heads of unpleasantly scented, creamy white and pale yellow flowers and a small number of follicles.

<i>Banksia rufa</i> Species of prostrate shrub

Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia foliosissima is a species of erect shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has densely crowded, pinnatifid leaves, golden yellow flowers in heads of up to one hundred, and egg-shaped follicles. It is only known from two small areas in the south-west of the state.

<i>Banksia horrida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia horrida, commonly known as prickly dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, linear, pinnatifid leaves with sharply pointed teeth on the edges, up to sixty cream-coloured flowers in each head and hairy, egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia idiogenes is a species of tufted shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply pinnatifid leaves, distinctive, scented, red and white flowers in heads of about eighty, later several glabrous, egg-shaped follicles in each head.

Banksia ionthocarpa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has short, hairy, prostrate stems, pinnatifid leaves, pinkish purple to orange flower in heads of between forty and sixty at the base of leaves, and egg-shaped follicles with a distinctive tuft of hairs on the end.

<i>Banksia kippistiana</i> Shrub endemic to Western Australia

Banksia kippistiana is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatifid leaves with ten to twenty lobes on each side, heads of up to eighty yellow and cream-coloured flowers, and elliptical follicles.

<i>Banksia mucronulata</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia mucronulata, commonly known as swordfish dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has spreading, hairy stems, linear, deeply pinnatifid leaves with sharply-pointed lobes, pale yellow to cream-coloured flowers in heads of between 80 and 180, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia nivea</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia nivea, commonly known as honeypot dryandra, is a species of rounded shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the plant as bulgalla. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, heads of cream-coloured and orange or red flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia obtusa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia obtusa, commonly known as shining honeypot, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has underground stems, linear pinnatifid leaves with triangular lobes on each side, cream-coloured to yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy, surrounded by dark reddish bracts and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia octotriginta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia octotriginta is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has erect stems with bluish-green, deeply pinnatipartite leaves, heads of up to eighty or more golden-yellow flowers and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia rufistylis is a species of column-shaped shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear leaves with sharply-pointed serrations, cream-coloured flowers with a red style arranged in heads of about forty, and egg-shaped follicles with a flattened tip.

<i>Banksia sclerophylla</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia sclerophylla is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has spreading stems, linear, pinnatipid leaves with triangular lobes on the sides, yellow flowers in heads of between forty and seventy, and elliptical follicles.

<i>Banksia tenuis</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia tenuis is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has pinnatifid, serrated or smooth-edges leaves, golden brown and cream-coloured flowers in heads of about fifty-five and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia erythrocephala". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  2. 1 2 George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. pp. 330–332. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  3. "Banksia erythrocephala". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. "Dryandra erythrocephala". APNI. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  5. Gardner, Charles A. (1928). "Contributiones Florae Australiae Occidentalis VI". Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia. 16: 63–64. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  6. 1 2 George, Alex S. (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br". Nuytsia. 10 (3): 379–380.
  7. "Dryandra erythrocephala var. erythrocephala". APNI. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  8. "Dryandra erythrocephala var. inopinata". APNI. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  9. "Banksia erythrocephala". APNI. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  10. Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2013). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 20 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  11. Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. p. 193. ISBN   9780958034180.
  12. "Banksia erythrocephalavar. erythrocephala". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  13. "Banksia erythrocephala var. inopinata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  14. Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.; Gove, Aaron D.; Sanders, Nathan J.; Dunn, Robert R. (2008). "Climate change, plant migration, and range collapse in a global biodiversity hotspot: the Banksia (Proteaceae) of Western Australia". Global Change Biology. 14 (6): 1–16. Bibcode:2008GCBio..14.1337F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01559.x.
  15. "Banksia erythrocephala var. inopinata". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  16. "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  17. "Banksia erythrocephala var. erythrocephala". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.