Banksia rufa

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Banksia rufa
Banksia rufa.jpg
Banksia rufa near Tarin Rock
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. rufa
Binomial name
Banksia rufa
Synonyms [1]
  • Dryandra ferruginea Kippist ex Meisn.
  • Dryandra proteoides var. ferruginea(Kippist ex Meisn.) Benth.

Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

Contents

Description

Banksia rufa is a shrub, either prostrate or growing to a height of 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and sometimes forming a lignotuber. The stems are short, highly branched and woolly-hairy. The leaves are broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, 80–350 mm (3.1–13.8 in) long and 7–30 mm (0.28–1.18 in) wide on a petiole up to 150 mm (5.9 in) long. There are between five and twenty sharply-pointed, linear or triangular lobes on each side of the leaves. The flowers are creamy yellow to orange or brownish and are arranged heads of between 40 and 115 with egg-shaped to oblong involucral bracts 35–66 mm (1.4–2.6 in) long at the base of the head. The perianth is 27–50 mm (1.1–2.0 in) long and the pistil 30–66 mm (1.2–2.6 in) long and gently curved. Flowering occurs from July to September and the follicles are egg-shaped, 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in) long and glabrous. [2] [3]

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described in 1855 Carl Meissner in Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany and was given the name Dryandra ferruginea from an unpublished description by Richard Kippist, the type material having been collected by James Drummond. [4] [5]

The following year, Meisner published a description of Dryandra runcinata in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis [6] [7] and in 1870, George Bentham maintained D. runcinata, but demoted D. ferruginea to Dryandra proteoides var. ferruginea. [8] [9] This stood until 1996, when Alex George restored the specific rank of D. ferruginea, and declared D. runcinata its synonym. [10]

In the same 1996 paper, George described the subspecies chelomacarpa, ferruginea, flavescens, obliquiloba, pumila and tutanningensis in the journal Nuytsia [10] and in 2005 described a seventh, subspecies magna in a later edition of the same journal. [11]

In 2007, all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele. As the name Banksia ferruginea had already been published in reference to the plant now known as Pimelea ferruginea , [12] Mast and Thiele changed the name Dryandra ferruginea to Banksia rufa. [13] [14] The specific epithet (rufa) is from the Latin rufus ("reddish"). [15] George's Dryandra ferruginea subspecies were renamed as follows, the names accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Distribution and habitat

This banksia is widespread between Pingelly, the Stirling Range and Forrestania where it grows in shrubland and kwongan and is often locally common. [3]

Conservation status

Banksia rufa and subsp. rufa are listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife but all the other subspecies have a priority rating. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Banksia bipinnatifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia bipinnatifida is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It is a prostrate shrub with a lignotuber, an underground stem, only a few divided leaves, large cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers and large fruit.

<i>Banksia drummondii</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatifid to pinnatisect leaves, heads of up to one hundred cream-coloured, red and yellow flowers and glabrous fruit.

<i>Banksia hirta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia hirta is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and shining follicles. It is restricted to the Stirling Range National Park.

Banksia ionthocarpa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has short, hairy, prostrate stems, pinnatifid leaves, pinkish purple to orange flower in heads of between forty and sixty at the base of leaves, and egg-shaped follicles with a distinctive tuft of hairs on the end.

Banksia lepidorhiza is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has underground stems, linear pinnatipartite leaves with sharply pointed lobes, pink, cream-coloured and yellow flowers in head of about thirty and egg-shaped follicles. It is only known from near Woodanilling.

<i>Banksia dallanneyi</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia dallanneyi, commonly known as couch honeypot, is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It only has a short above-ground stem, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect leaves, between thirty and seventy variously coloured flowers and glabrous, egg-shaped fruit.

<i>Banksia prolata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia prolata is a species of bushy shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, serrated or pinnatifid leaves, yellow flowers in heads of between 150 and 250, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia mimica</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia mimica, commonly known as summer honeypot, is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has wedge-shaped leaves with sharply-pointed teeth on the sides, yellow flowers in heads of up to fifty and oblong, hairy follicles.

<i>Banksia obtusa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia obtusa, commonly known as shining honeypot, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has underground stems, linear pinnatifid leaves with triangular lobes on each side, cream-coloured to yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy, surrounded by dark reddish bracts and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia plumosa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, creamy-yellow flowers in heads of up to eighty, and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia porrecta is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has hairy, underground stems, pinnatipartite leaves with up to forty narrow triangular lobes on each side, yellow flowers in heads of between twenty and thirty, and one or two egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia pteridifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia pteridifolia, commonly known as tangled honeypot, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short, underground stems, deeply pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on the sides, creamy white or yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and later up to five follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia serratuloides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia serratuloides is a species of small shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about forty and hairy, wrinkled follicles.

<i>Banksia stenoprion</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia stenoprion is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has short, underground stems, pinnatisect leaves with triangular lobes, golden, mauve or purple flowers in heads of up to ninety, and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia tortifolia is a small, spreading, prostrate shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short underground stems, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on each side, greenish-cream, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about eighty, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

Georges taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra 1996 arrangement of the Australian endemic plant series Dryandra in the genus Banksia

Alex George's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was the first modern-day arrangement of that taxon. First published in Nuytsia in 1996, it superseded the arrangement of George Bentham, which had stood for over a hundred years; it would later form the basis for George's 1999 treatment of Dryandra for the Flora of Australia. In accordance with contemporary thinking, George treated Dryandra as a genus, dividing it into three subgenera, the largest of which was divided into 24 series. The arrangement stood until 2007, when Dryandra was transferred into Banksia as B. ser. Dryandra. No alternative has yet been proposed.

Banksia rufa subsp. flavescens is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. flavescens until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. ferruginea and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.

Banksia rufa subsp. obliquiloba is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. obliquiloba until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. ferruginea and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.

Banksia rufa subsp. pumila is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. pumila until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. ferruginea and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.

Banksia rufa subsp. tutanningensis is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. tutanningensis until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. ferruginea and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia rufa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  2. 1 2 "Banksia rufa". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. 1 2 George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. pp. 302–306. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  4. ↑ "Dryandra ferruginea". APNI. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  5. ↑ Meissner, Carl F.; Hooker, William Jackson (ed.) (1855). "New Proteaceae of Australia". Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany. 7. Retrieved 27 May 2020.{{cite journal}}: |first2= has generic name (help)
  6. ↑ "Dryandra runcinata". APNI. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  7. ↑ Meissner, Carl F.; de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (ed.) (1856). Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Paris: Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz. p. 469. Retrieved 27 May 2020.{{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)
  8. ↑ "Dryandra proteoides var. ferruginea". APNI. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  9. ↑ Bentham, George (1870). Flora Australiensis. London: Lovell, Reeve & Co. p. 582. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  10. 1 2 George, Alex (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae : Grevilleoideae)". Nuytsia. 10 (3): 360–365. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  11. 1 2 George, Alex (2005). "Further new taxa in Dryandra R. Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae)" (PDF). Nuytsia. 15 (3): 337–338. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  12. ↑ "Banksia ferruginea". APNI. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  13. ↑ Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2007). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany . 20 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  14. ↑ "Banksia rufa". APNI. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  15. ↑ William T. Stearn (1992). Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary (4th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 485.
  16. ↑ "Banksia rufa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  17. ↑ "Banksia rufa subsp. flavescens". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  18. ↑ "Banksia rufa subsp. magna". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  19. ↑ "Banksia rufa subsp. obliquiloba". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  20. ↑ "Banksia rufa subsp. pumila". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  21. ↑ "Banksia rufa subsp. rufa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  22. ↑ "Banksia rufa subsp. tutanningensis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
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