The Bashkirs or Bashkorts are a Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Russia. They are concentrated in Bashkortostan, a republic of the Russian Federation and in the broader historical region of Badzhgard, which spans both sides of the Ural Mountains, where Eastern Europe meets North Asia. Smaller communities of Bashkirs also live in the Republic of Tatarstan, the oblasts of Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk and Kurgan and other regions in Russia; sizeable minorities exist in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Ufa is the largest city in and the capital of Bashkortostan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Belaya and Ufa rivers, in the centre-north of Bashkortostan, on hills forming the Ufa Plateau to the west of the southern Ural Mountains, with a population of over 1.1 million residents, up to 1.4 million residents in the urban agglomeration. Ufa is the tenth-most populous city in Russia, and the fourth-most populous city in the Volga Federal District.
Orenburg, formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia and former capital of the Kazak ASSR. It lies on Eastern Europe, on the banks of the Ural River, where it forms the boundary between Europe and Asia, and is 1,478 kilometers (918 mi) southeast of Moscow.
Kumyks are a Turkic ethnic group living in Dagestan, Chechnya and North Ossetia. They are the largest Turkic people in the North Caucasus.
Orsk is the second largest city in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, located on the steppe about 100 kilometers (62 mi) southeast of the southern tip of the Ural Mountains. The city straddles the Ural River. Population: 239,800 (2010 Census); 250,963 (2002 Census); 270,711 (1989 Soviet census). It lies adjacent to the Kazakhstan–Russia border.
The Shamkhalate of Tarki, or Tarki Shamkhalate was a Kumyk state in the eastern part of the North Caucasus, with its capital in the ancient town of Tarki. It formed on the territory populated by Kumyks and included territories corresponding to modern Dagestan and adjacent regions. After subjugation by the Russian Empire, the Shamkhalate's lands were split between the Empire's feudal domain with the same name extending from the river Sulak to the southern borders of Dagestan, between Kumyk possessions of the Russian Empire and other administrative units.
The history of Bashkortostan or Bashkiria covers the region in and around the Southern Urals, historically inhabited by Bashkirs. The region has been known by several names, including al-Bashgird, Bashgirdia, Bascardia, Fiyafi Bashqurt, Pascatir and similar variants. As with previous names, the modern federal subject of Bashkortostan was named after the native Bashkir people.
The Bashkir rebellion was one of the first major insurrection of the Bashkirs in the second half of the 17th century.
The Bashkir Rebellion from 1704 to 1711 was one of the longest in the series of Bashkir rebellions in the 17th and 18th centuries in the Russian Empire. The Bashkir uprisings of 1662–1664, 1681–1684, and 1704-1711 have been treated at length by Soviet and post-Soviet historians as evidence of Bashkiria's gradual incorporation into the empire and of Bashkir resistance to colonial oppression.
Utyz Imyani, Gabdrakhim — was a tatar poet. In the Islamic world he was also known as a scientist and recoverer of lost fragments of an ancient Quran.
Kumykia, or rarely called Kumykistan, is a historical and geographical region located along the Caspian Sea shores, on the Kumyk plateau, in the foothills of Dagestan and along the river Terek. The term Kumykia encompasses territories which are historically and currently populated by the Turkic-speaking Kumyk people. Kumykia was the main "granary of Dagestan". The important trade routes, such as one of the branches of the Great Silk Road, passed via Kumykia.
The history of metallurgy in the Urals stands out to historians and economists as a separate stage in the history of Russian industry and covers the period from the 4th millennium BC to the present day. The emergence of the mining district is connected with the history of Ural metallurgy. The geography of the Ural metallurgy covers the territories of modern Perm Krai, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Udmurtia, Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk Oblast and Orenburg Oblast.
Fanuza Nadrshina is a Bashkir folklorist, scholar and professor.
Rozalia Sultangareeva is a Bashkir folklorist, scholar, professor, folk singer and director of the Research Center of Bashkir Folklore.
The Bashkir rebellion of 1681–1684 was one of the major Bashkir uprisings of the second half of the 17th century.
The siege of Ufa was a battle between Bashkir rebels and the Russian army.
Siege of Yelabuga – the siege of the city by bashkir rebels under the command of Kusyum Tyulekeyev.
The Battle of Yuraktau is a ten-day battle between Bashkir rebels under the command of Aldar Isekeyev and Kusyum Tyulekeev and the government troops of the Tsardom of Russia under the command of Peter Khokhlov.
The Battle of Kazan was a battle between rebel troops consisting of Mari, Udmurts Bashkirs, Tatars and Chuvashs against government troops of Tsardom of Russia
The Bashkir liberation movement is a series of military clashes and uprisings of the Bashkir people against the Russian Empire that colonized Bashkortostan, as well as protests and rallies against the policies of the Russian Federation.
Russian Empire