Battle of Sirhind (1555)

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Battle of Sirhind (1555)
Part of Delhi
Date22 June 1555
Location
Result

Mughal victory

Belligerents
Mughal Empire Suri Empire
Commanders and leaders
Humayun
Bayram Khan
Sikandar Shah Suri
Strength
100,000-140,000 [1] 90,000 [2]

The Battle of Sirhind was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Suri Empire in 1555.

Contents

Background

Humayun had been in exile for 15 years after being forced to flee by Sher Shah Suri, a Pashtun commander who had taken control of the Mughal territories. During his exile, Humayun spent time in Persia where he was exposed to Persian high culture and military technology. This exposure gave him valuable insight into administration, politics, and warfare, which would later serve him well in his quest to reclaim his empire. After defeating his brothers in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, Humayun was able to solidify his hold over the region and return to India, where he successfully recaptured Babur's former capital of Delhi and reestablished the Mughal Empire. [3]

After the death of Islam Shah Suri, the Suri Empire had erupted in a civil war where various contenders to the throne fought each other for supremacy. Sikandar Shah Suri was occupied with his struggle against Ibrahim Shah Suri when Humayun mobilized an army from Kabul. He captured Rohtas Fort and Lahore in February 1555. Another detachment of his forces captured Dipalpur, Gurdaspur and Jalandhar. Their advanced division proceeded towards Sirhind. Sikandar sent a force of 30,000 to intercept them but they were defeated by the Mughal Army in the Battle of Machhiwara and Sirhind was occupied by the Mughals. [4]

Battle

Sikandar led an army of 90,000 and met the Mughals at Sirhind. [5] On 22 June 1555 they met in battle. Humayun and Bairam Khan carried out a daring raid in a rainstorm like Sher Shah Suri had done at the Battle of Chausa to defeat Humayun. [6] Sikander was defeated by the Mughal Army and was compelled to retreat to the Sivalik Hills in northeastern Punjab. [7] The victorious Mughals marched to Delhi, occupied it and reestablished their empire in India. [5]

See also

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Sirhind is the older name of Fatehgarh Sahib, a city and Sikh pilgrimage site in Punjab, India. It is situated on the Delhi to Lahore Highway. It has a population of about 60,851 . It is now a district headquarters in the state of Punjab; the name of the district is Fatehgarh Sahib.

The Battle of Sammel, also known as the Battle of Giri-Sumel, took place in 1544. It was fought near the villages of Giri and Sumel in the Jaitaran sub-division, in the Pali district of Rajasthan. At this time, control of the district was split between the Afghan Sur Dynasty under Sher Shah Suri and the Rathore army led by the commanders Jaita and Kumpa of Rao Maldeo Rathore.

The Battle of Machhiwarra was fought between Mughal Empire and Suri Empire in 1555.

References

  1. Begum, Gulbadan (1902). The History of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāmah). Royal Asiatic Society. p. 260.
  2. Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). The Mughal Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN   81-7276-407-3, pp.94–6
  3. Sankaran, Sahaj. "22 June, 1555: Humayun Wins the Battle of Sirhind | Today in Indian History from Honesty Is Best". honestyisbest.com. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  4. Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). The Mughal Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN   81-7276-407-3, pp.94-6
  5. 1 2 "Battles for India at Sirhind". Times of India Blog. 18 March 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  6. Battle of Sirhind 1555 | Sikandar Shah Suri | Humayun | Mughal⚔️Afghan War , retrieved 25 October 2022
  7. Sarker, Sunil Kumar (1994). Himu, the Hindu "Hero" of medieval India : against the background of Afghan-Mughal conflicts. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. ISBN   81-7156-483-6. OCLC   31010168.