Battle of Yijing

Last updated
Battle of Yijing
Part of the wars at the end of the Han dynasty
Date198 – March 199
Location
Result Yuan Shao victory
Territorial
changes
Yuan Shao gains dominance over northern China
Belligerents
Yuan Shao
Liu Yu's remnants
Wuhuan
Xiongnu [1]
Xianbei
Gongsun Zan
Heishan bandits
Commanders and leaders
Yuan Shao
Tadun
Qian Zhao
Gongsun Zan  
Zhang Yan
Gongsun Xu
Tian Kai  
Guan Jing  
Tian Yu
Strength
100,000 (Xianyu Fu's and Wuhuan forces) [2]
7,000 Xianbei cavalry
100,000+ (Zhang Yan's forces)
  1. ((閻)柔招誘胡漢數萬人,與瓚所置漁陽太守鄒丹戰於潞北) Zizhi Tongjian vol. 61.
  2. (烏桓峭王感虞恩德,率種人及鮮卑七千餘騎,共(鮮于)輔南迎虞子和,與袁紹將曲義合兵十萬,共攻瓚。) Houhanshu vol. 73.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 de Crespigny, Rafe (1996). To Establish Peace: being the Chronicle of the Later Han dynasty for the years 189 to 220 AD as recorded in Chapters 59 to 69 of Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian. Vol. 1. Canberra: Faculty of Asian Studies, The Australian National University. pp. 245–249. ISBN   0-7315-2526-4.
  4. 1 2 (兴平二年,破瓒于鲍丘,斩首二万余级。瓒遂保易京,开置屯田,稍得自支.相持岁余,麹义军粮尽,士卒饥困,余众数千人退走。瓒徼破之,尽得其车重。) Houhanshu vol. 73
  5. (袁紹又遣麴義及虞子和,將兵與輔合擊瓚。瓚軍數敗,乃走還易京固守。) Sanguozhi vol. 8.
  6. 1 2 (英雄記曰:先是有童謠曰:「燕南垂,趙北際,中央不合大如礪,惟有此中可避世。」瓚以易當之,乃築京固守。瓚別將有為敵所圍,義不救也。其言曰:「救一人,使後將恃救不力戰;今不救此,後將當念在自勉。」是以袁紹始北擊之時,瓚南界上別營自度守則不能自固,又知必不見救,是以或自殺其將帥,或為紹兵所破,遂令紹軍徑至其門。) Yingxiong Ji, quoted in Sanguozhi zhu vol. 8.
  7. (為圍塹十重,於塹裏築京,皆高五六丈,為樓其上;中塹為京,特高十丈,自居焉,積穀三百萬斛。) Sanguozhi vol. 8.
  8. (英雄記曰:瓚諸將家家各作高樓,樓以千計。瓚作鐵門,居樓上,屏去左右,婢妾侍側,汲上文書。) Yingxiong Ji, quoted in Sanguozhi zhu vol. 8.
  9. 1 2 (袁紹連年攻公孫瓚,不能克,以書諭之,欲相與釋憾連和;瓚不答,而增修守備,謂長史太原關靖曰:「當今四方虎爭,無有能坐吾城下相守經年者明矣,袁本初其若我何!」) Zizhi Tongjian vol. 62.
  10. (瓚曰:「昔謂天下事可指麾而定,今日視之,非我所決,不如休兵,力田畜穀。兵法,百樓不攻。今吾樓櫓千重,食盡此穀,足知天下之事矣。」欲以此弊紹。紹遣將攻之,連年不能拔。) Sanguozhi vol. 8.
  11. (於是大興兵以攻瓚。先是瓚別將有為敵所圍者,瓚不救,曰:「救一人,使後將恃救,不肯力戰。」及紹來攻,瓚南界別營,自度守則不能自固,又知必不見救,或降或潰。) Zizhi Tongjian vol. 62.
  12. 1 2 (建安四年,紹悉軍圍之。瓚遣子求救于黑山賊,復欲自將突騎直出,傍西南山,擁黑山之眾,陸梁冀州,橫斷紹後。長史關靖說瓚曰:「今將軍將士,皆已土崩瓦解,其所以能相守持者,顧戀其居處老小,以將軍為主耳。將軍堅守曠日,袁紹要當自退;自退之後,四方之眾必復可合也。若將軍今舍之而去,軍無鎮重,易京之危,可立待也。將軍失本,孤在草野,何所成邪!」瓚遂止不出。。) Sanguozhi vol. 8.
  13. (紹軍徑至其門,瓚遣子續請救於黑山諸帥,而欲自將突騎出傍西山,擁黑山之眾侵掠冀州,橫斷紹後。關靖諫曰:「今將軍將士莫不懷瓦解之心,所以猶能相守者,顧戀其居處老小,而恃將軍為主故耳。堅守曠日,或可使紹自退。若捨之而出,後無鎮重,易京之危,可立待也。」瓚乃止。紹漸相攻逼,瓚眾日蹙。) Zizhi Tongjian vol. 62.
  14. 1 2 (瓚遣行人文則齎書告子續曰:「袁氏之攻,似若神鬼,鼓角鳴于地中,梯衝舞吾樓上。日窮月蹴,無所聊賴。汝當碎首於張燕,速致輕騎,到者當起烽火於北,吾當從內出。不然,吾亡之後,天下雖廣,汝欲求安足之地,其可得乎!」) Dianlüe, quoted in Sanguozhi zhu vol. 8.
  15. Houhanshu vol. 9
  16. 1 2 3 (春,三月,黑山帥張燕與公孫續率兵十萬,三道救之。未至,瓚密使行人繼書告續,使引五千鐵騎於北隰之中,起火為應,瓚欲自內出戰。) Zizhi Tongjian vol. 63.
  17. (救至,欲內外擊紹。遣人與子書,刻期兵至,舉火為應。) Sanguozhi vol. 8.
  18. (獻帝春秋曰:瓚夢薊城崩,知必敗,乃遣閒使與續書。紹候者得之,使陳琳更其書曰:「蓋聞在昔衰周之世,僵戶流血,以為不然,豈意今日身當其衝!」其餘語與典略所載同。) Xiandi Chunqiu, quoted in Sanguozhi zhu vol. 8.
  19. 1 2 (紹侯者得其書,如期舉火。瓚以為救兵至,遂出欲戰。紹設伏擊,大破之,復還守。紹為地道,突壞其樓,稍至中京。) Sanguozhi vol. 8
  20. (英雄記曰:袁紹分部攻者掘地為道,穿穴其樓下,稍稍施木柱之,度足達半,便燒所施之柱,樓輒傾倒。) Yingxiong Ji, quoted in Sanguozhi zhu vol. 8.
  21. 1 2 3 4 (紹為地道,穿其樓下,施木柱之,度足達半,便燒之,樓輒傾倒,稍至京中。瓚自計必無全,乃悉縊其姊妹、妻子,然後引火自焚。紹趣兵登台,斬之。田楷戰死。關靖歎曰:「前若不止將軍自行,未必不濟。吾聞君子陷人危,必同其難,豈可以獨生乎!」策馬赴紹軍而死。續為屠各所殺。) Zizhi Tongjian vol. 63.
  22. (瓚自知必敗,盡殺其妻子,乃自殺。) Sanguozhi vol. 8.
  23. 1 2 (漢晉春秋曰:關靖曰:「吾聞君子陷人於危,必同其難,豈可獨生乎!」乃策馬赴紹軍而死。紹悉送其首於許。) Han Jin Chunqiu, quoted in Sanguozhi zhu vol. 8
  24. (豫谓辅曰:“终能定天下者,必曹氏也。宜速归命,无后祸期。) Sanguozhi vol. 26.
  25. (漁陽田豫說太守鮮于輔曰:「曹氏奉天子以令諸侯,終能定天下,宜早從之。」輔乃率其眾以奉王命。詔以輔為建忠將軍,都督幽州六郡。) Zizhi Tongjian vol. 63.
  26. (太祖召豫为丞相军谋掾,除颍阴、朗陵令,迁弋阳太守,所在有治。) Sanguozhi vol. 26.
  27. (瓚滅,紹承製皆賜蹋頓、難樓、蘇僕延、烏延等單于印綬;又以閻柔得烏桓心,因加寵慰以安北邊。其後難樓、蘇僕延奉樓班為單于,以蹋頓為王,然蹋頓猶秉計策。) Zizhi Tongjian vol. 63.

Bibliography

Battle of Yijing
Traditional Chinese 易京之戰
Simplified Chinese 易京之战
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Yìjīng Zhī Zhàn