Bdellozonium cerviculatum

Bdellozonium cerviculatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Myriapoda
Class:	Diplopoda
Order:	Polyzoniida
Family:	Polyzoniidae
Genus:	Bdellozonium
Species:	B. cerviculatum
Binomial name
	Bdellozonium cerviculatum; Cook & Loomis, 1928
Synonyms
	List Bdellozonium rothiChamberlin,1950; Bdellozonium sequoiumChamberlin,1941;

Last updated June 27, 2023

Bdellozonium cerviculatum is a species of millipede within the family Polyzoniidae.^[1] It is one of two recognised species within the genus Bdellozonium.^[2] The species is native to North America,^[3]^[4] where it can be found within the forests of California inhabiting crevices within coarse woody debris such as decaying logs and tree bark.^[5]

Description

Head

The head of Bdellozonium cerviculatum features antennae that are about one and a half times longer than the width of the first body segment. The species possesses 3 to 4 ocelli on each side, arranged in a oblique row. A low tubercle bearing a long hair is present above the lower ocellus of each series. Below the base of the antennae, there is a broad transverse depression. The clypeus is somewhat inflated in front of this depression, and the labral area gradually narrows, with a somewhat rounded apex.^[5]

Body

Bdellozonium cerviculatum reaches a maximum length of 16 mm and a width of 3.3 mm. It possesses a segmented body consisting of 39 to 46 segments. The dorsal region of the body exhibits a moderately convex shape, with the posterior end being more abruptly rounded compared to the anterior portion. The body cavity is approximately twice as wide as it is high. The body of B. cerviculatum is shiny and exhibits distinct characteristics along its segments. The first segment is small, measuring only about one-third the width of the full-sized segments. It is almost squarely truncated at the front and possesses a narrow raised rim. The posterior margin of the first segment is broadly and evenly rounded. The anterior subsegments are mostly smooth, with a few faint impressed longitudinal lines near the caudal margin. The posterior subsegments exhibit more pronounced impressed lines, deeper on the anterior third and becoming fainter toward the middle. The hind margin of the posterior subsegments is smooth. The exposed portion of the anterior subsegment is approximately one-third the length of the posterior subsegment. The hind margin of the middle body segments is slightly and broadly emarginate at the middle. Pores are located on the fifth segment, slightly above the posterior corner on the anterior subsegment, near the transverse sulcus. Other pores are situated on the posterior subsegments, closer to the transverse sulcus than to the lateral margin. The dorsal encroachment of the pleurae is minimal, forming a narrow raised lateral margin for each segment.^[5]

Legs

Bdellozonium cerviculatum possesses legs of notable length, almost reaching the sides of the body. The legs are slightly separated from each other by elevated sterna that form a depression open in front. The basal joints of the legs feature rounded-oval pits. In females, the first pair of legs is considerably small and slender, highly reduced compared to those of males, which are also smaller than the subsequent leg pairs.^[5]

Colouration

Living specimens of Bdellozonium cerviculatum display a distinctive salmon pink coloration on the dorsum, which tends to appear more brownish when preserved in alcohol. The side of each segment and the ventral surface exhibit a pale hue, while the head and antennae exhibit a light coloration with purplish mottling.^[5]

Related Research Articles

Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects. The terminology used to describe insects is similar to that used for other arthropods due to their shared evolutionary history. Three physical features separate insects from other arthropods: they have a body divided into three regions, three pairs of legs, and mouthparts located outside of the head capsule. This position of the mouthparts divides them from their closest relatives, the non-insect hexapods, which include Protura, Diplura, and Collembola.

Cebrionini is a tribe of click beetles from the family Elateridae; formerly ranked as a subfamily or family, they are now considered a tribe within the subfamily Elaterinae.

Trichomorpha gracilis is a species of millipede in the Chelodesmidae family that can be found in San Vito, Costa Rica, where it was initially discovered on either 17 or 18 of April 1972.

Cyrtodesmus humerosus is a species of millipede in the family Cyrtodesmidae that is endemic to San Vito, Costa Rica, where it was found on April 19, 1972.

Amplinus bituberculosus is a species of millipede in the family Aphelidesmidae that is endemic to San Vito, Costa Rica, where it was found on 17–18 April 1972.

Zigrasimecia is an extinct genus of ants which existed in the Cretaceous period approximately 98 million years ago. The first specimens were collected from Burmese amber in Kachin State, 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Myitkyina town in Myanmar. In 2013, palaeoentomologists Phillip Barden and David Grimaldi published a paper describing and naming Zigrasimecia tonsora. They described a dealate female with unusual features, notably the highly specialized mandibles. Other features include large ocelli, short scapes, 12 antennomeres, small eyes, and a clypeal margin that has a row of peg-like denticles. The genus Zigrasimecia was originally incertae sedis within Formicidae until a second species, Zigrasimecia ferox, was described in 2014, leading to its placement in the subfamily Sphecomyrminae. Later, it was considered to belong to the distinct subfamily Zigrasimeciinae.

Tylobolus is a genus of millipedes in the order Spirobolida with seven known species found in western North America. It is in the family Spirobolidae, and is the type genus of the subfamily Tylobolinae. The genus was named by Orator F. Cook in 1904.

Pristomyrmex tsujii is a species of ant in the genus Pristomyrmex. Known from Fiji, where they are widely distributed but rarely encountered. The species has a discrete ergatoid queen caste that is intermediate between a worker and an alate queen.

Zoosphaerium neptunus, also known as the giant emerald pill millipede, is a species of millipede within the family Arthrosphaeridae. It is an example of island gigantism, being the largest known pill-millipede in the world, with some individuals reaching a maximum length of 90 mm long. The species is endemic to Madagascar, where it is known to swarm at certain times of the year. Z. neptunus is the only known species within the order Sphaerotheriida that is known to exhibit this mass swarming behaviour.

Bucolus fourneti is a native Australian, small, hairy coccinellid beetle approximately 2.1-4.5 mm in diameter. It was described by Étienne Mulsant in 1850

Polyzoniidae is a family of millipedes in the order Polyzoniida. There are about 9 genera and at least 60 described species in Polyzoniidae.

Helophilus fasciatus, the narrow-headed marsh fly, is an abundant species of syrphid fly observed throughout the United States and Canada. Hoverflies can remain nearly motionless in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. The larvae of this genus are associated with wet decaying organic material, particularly accumulations of decaying vegetation in ponds and mud and farmyard manure or silage. The adults of this species lays eggs on vegetation overhanging the water. The larvae hatch and drop into the water.

Helophilus lapponicus, the Yellow-margined Marsh Fly, is a common species of syrphid fly observed across northern North America, northern Europe, Greenland and Siberia. Hoverflies can remain nearly motionless in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. Though common the larvae of this species are not known but the larvae of other species in this genus are associated with wet decaying organic material, particularly accumulations of decaying vegetation in ponds and mud and are a so called rat-tailed type.

Microdon tristis is a species of syrphid fly in the family Syrphidae.

Sphiximorpha willistoni, or Williston's wasp fly, is a rare species of syrphid fly found in eastern North America. It is a strong wasp mimic. Hoverflies can remain nearly motionless in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. Larvae in this genus are found in sap runs of trees.

Arthrorhabdus paucispinus is a species of centipede in the family Scolopendridae. Endemic to Australia, it was first described in 1984 by Australian myriapodologist L. E. Koch. It is a medium-sized species, up to 64 millimetres long, with a reddish-brown head and pale brown body segments. It has 14 to 18 segments on its antennae, large teeth on the feeding mouthparts, and its last pair of legs feature short bristles and a small projection.

Glomeris sublimbata, also known as the marbled pill millipede, is a species of pill millipede belonging to the genus Glomeris and the family Glomeridae.

Zoosphaerium album, also known as the giant opal pill millipede, is a species of pill millipede within the family Arthrosphaeridae and order Sphaerotheriida. It is an endemic species, found only within the Vohibasia forest of Western Madagascar. The species name album, refers to the white colouration of the pill millipedes exoskeleton.

Armadillidium album, also known as the beach pill woodlouse, is a species of isopod within the family Armadillidiidae. The species is salt tolerant, inhabiting coastal sand dunes and saltmarshes within Europe. They can sometimes be found under driftwood or burrowed within grains of sand of which their colour pattern mimics.

Petaserpes rosalbus is a species of millipede within the family Polyzoniidae. It is one of six recognised species within the genus Petaserpes. The species is native to North America, where it can be found living within the state of Virginia. P. rosalbus has been recorded to inhabit mountainous habitat at elevations up to 762 meters above sea level.

References

↑ "Bdellozonium cerviculatum Cook & Loomis, 1928". Millibase. 2023-06-22. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
↑ "Bdellozonium Cook & Loomis, 1928". Millibase. 2023-06-22. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
↑ "Bdellozonium cerviculatum Cook & Loomis, 1928". Catalogue of Life . 2023-06-22. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
↑ "Bdellozonium cerviculatum Cook & Loomis, 1928". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2023-06-22. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
1 2 3 4 5 Cook, Orator Fuller; Loomis, Harold Frederick (1928). "Millipeds of the order Colobognatha, with descriptions of six new genera and type species, from Arizona and California" (PDF). Proceedings of the United States National Museum: 15, 16, 17 – via Smithsonian Institution.