 | |
 Belarus |  China |
|---|---|
| Diplomatic mission | |
| Belarusian Embassy, Beijing | Chinese Embassy, Minsk |
Relations between Belarus and the People's Republic of China have been generally positive, with Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko advocating that Belarus should take an approach of "understanding China, learning from China, and approaching China." [1]
Belarus became an independent country following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Lukashenko was elected President of Belarus on July 20, 1994, and has been re-elected since. Since early in his presidency, Lukashenko has advocated that Belarus should adopt an approach of "understanding China, learning from China, and approaching China." [1]
In 2014, construction of the China–Belarus Industrial Park began. [1]
In July 2015, Belarus became an observer in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, [2] a multi-lateral security cooperation group which China played a lead role in founding. [3]
At the 2022 China-Belarus summit, the countries agreed to form an "all-weather" partnership. [4] The 2023 summit produced a range of cooperation documents on industry, trade, agricultural, and other matters. [4]
Belarus cooperates with China's Belt and Road Initiative. [1] In 2011, the two countries agreed to construct an industrial park in Belarus. [1] After Chinese President Xi Jinping's announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, Belarus responded positively and sought to combine the benefits of the Chinese initiative with its own national integration and public docking priorities. [1] Under the auspices of the Belt and Road Initiative, construction on the China-Belarus Industrial Park began in 2014. [1] It is now the largest industrial park built pursuant to the Belt and Road Initiative and serves as a major channel for Chinese goods to enter Europe. [1]
Trade relations between the two countries have grown in recent years. [5] In particular, Belarus markets agricultural and food products to China, where they have significant popularity. [5]
Belarus was one of 53 countries that in June 2020 supported China's Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations Human Rights Council. [6]
Lukashenko visited China several times over the period 1995 to 2019, seeking to develop diplomatic and economic ties with China. [1] He traveled to Beijing during the 2023 Belarus-China Summit. [4] During the summit, the countries agreed to create a free trade zone in Belarus in 2023. [4] On March 1, 2023, Lukashenko and Xi jointly called for the "soonest possible" peace deal in the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine, stating their "deep concern about the development of the armed conflict in the European region and extreme interest in the soonest possible establishment of peace in Ukraine[.]" [4]
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Covering an area of 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) and with a population of 9.2 million, Belarus is the 13th-largest and the 20th-most populous country in Europe. The country has a hemiboreal climate and is administratively divided into six regions. Minsk is the capital and largest city; it is administered separately as a city with special status.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defence organization established by China and Russia in 2001. It is the world's largest regional organization in terms of geographic scope and population, covering approximately 80% of the area of Eurasia, 40% of the world population. As of 2021, its combined GDP was around 20% of global GDP.
Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko is a Belarusian politician who has been President of Belarus since the office's establishment on 20 July 1994, making him the longest-serving European president.
A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a government entity which is established or nationalised by the national government or provincial government, by an executive order or an act of legislation, in order to earn profit for the government, control monopoly of the private sector entities, provide products and services to citizens at a lower price, implementation of government schemes and to deliver products and services to the remote locations of the country. The national government or provincial government has majority ownership over these state owned enterprises. These state owned enterprises are also known as public sector undertakings in some countries. Defining characteristics of SOEs are their distinct legal form and possession of financial goals and developmental objectives, SOEs are government entities established to pursue financial objectives and developmental goals.
The Eastern Partnership (EaP) is a joint initiative of the European Union, together with its member states, and six Eastern European countries. The EaP framework governs the EU's relationship with the post-Soviet states of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. The EaP is intended to provide a forum for discussions regarding trade, economic strategy, travel agreements, and other issues between the EU and its Eastern European neighbours. It also aims at building a common area of shared values of democracy, prosperity, stability, and increased cooperation. The project was initiated by Poland and a subsequent proposal was prepared in co-operation with Sweden. It was presented by the foreign ministers of Poland and Sweden at the EU's General Affairs and External Relations Council in Brussels on 26 May 2008. The Eastern Partnership was inaugurated by the EU in Prague, Czech Republic on 7 May 2009.
The economy of Belarus is an upper-middle income mixed economy. As a post-Soviet transition economy, Belarus rejected most privatisation efforts in favour of retaining centralised political and economic controls by the state. The highly centralized Belarusian economy emphasizes full employment and a dominant public sector. It has been described as a welfare state or market socialist. Belarus is the world's 74th-largest economy by GDP.
Belarus and Ukraine are both are full members of the Baku Initiative and Central European Initiative. In 2020, during the Belarusian protests against president Lukashenko, the relationship between Ukraine and Belarus began to deteriorate, after the Ukrainian government criticized Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko. In the waning days of 2021, the relationship between both countries rapidly deteriorated, culminating in a full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022. Belarus has allowed the stationing of Russian troops and equipment in its territory and its use as a springboard for offensives into northern Ukraine but has denied the presence of Belarusian troops in Ukraine. Even though part of the Russian invasion was launched from Belarus, Ukraine did not break off diplomatic relations with Belarus, but remain frozen.
Brazil–China relations are the current and historical relationship between Brazil and China. Relations between Brazil and China began in the early nineteenth century and continued until 1949, when they were disrupted by the creation of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Diplomatic relations between the PRC and Brazil officially began in 1974 with agreement on the establishment and operation of Brazil's embassy in Beijing and China's embassy in Brasília. Since then, bilateral ties have developed mostly based on non-interference, equality, and mutual benefit (win-win).
The Eurasian Economic Union is an economic union of five post-Soviet states located in Eurasia. The EAEU has an integrated single market. As of 2023, it consists of 183 million people and a gross domestic product of over $2.4 trillion.
Paul Thomas Haenle is an American analyst and China specialist currently serving as Maurice R. Greenberg Director’s Chair at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
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The Belt and Road Initiative, known within China as the One Belt One Road or OBOR/1B1R for short, is a global infrastructure development strategy adopted by the Chinese government in 2013 to invest in more than 150 countries and international organizations. It is considered a centerpiece of the Chinese leader Xi Jinping's foreign policy. The BRI forms a central component of Xi's "Major Country Diplomacy" strategy, which calls for China to assume a greater leadership role for global affairs in accordance with its rising power and status. It has been compared to the American Marshall Plan. As of August 2023, 155 countries were listed as having signed up to the BRI. The participating countries include almost 75% of the world's population and account for more than half of the world's GDP.
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