 | |
 Belarus |  China |
|---|---|
| Diplomatic mission | |
| Belarusian Embassy, Beijing | Chinese Embassy, Minsk |
Relations between Belarus and the People's Republic of China have been generally positive, with Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko advocating that Belarus should take an approach of "understanding China, learning from China, and approaching China." [1]
Belarus became an independent country in 1991 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Lukashenko was elected President of Belarus on July 20, 1994, and has been re-elected since. From early in his presidency, Lukashenko has advocated that Belarus should adopt an approach of "understanding China, learning from China, and approaching China." [1] Lukashenko visited China several times between 1995 and 2019, seeking to develop diplomatic and economic ties. [1]
In 2011, the two countries agreed to construct an industrial park in Belarus. [1] After Chinese President Xi Jinping's announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, Belarus responded positively and sought to combine the benefits of the Chinese initiative with its own national integration and public docking priorities. [1] Under the auspices of the BRI, construction of the China–Belarus Industrial Park began in 2014. [1] It is now the largest industrial park built pursuant to the BRI and serves as a major channel for Chinese goods to enter Europe. [1]
In July 2015, Belarus became an observer in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). [2] [3] Trade relations between the two countries have grown. [1] In particular, Belarus markets agricultural and food products to China, where they have significant popularity. [1]
Belarus was one of 53 countries that in June 2020 supported China's Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations Human Rights Council. [4]
At the 2022 China–Belarus summit, the countries agreed to form an "all-weather" partnership. [5] Lukashenko traveled to Beijing for the 2023 Belarus–China Summit, during which the countries agreed to create a free trade zone in Belarus in 2023. [5] On March 1, 2023, Lukashenko and Xi jointly called for the "soonest possible" peace deal in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, stating their "deep concern about the development of the armed conflict in the European region and extreme interest in the soonest possible establishment of peace in Ukraine". [5]
In July 2024, Belarus became a full member in the SCO. [6] The same month, the People's Liberation Army and the Armed Forces of Belarus conducted joint military exercises a few kilometers from the Belarus–Poland border. [7]
Foreign relations of Kazakhstan are primarily based on economic and political security consideration. The Nazarbayev administration has tried to balance relations with Russia and the United States by sending petroleum and natural gas to its northern neighbor at artificially low prices while assisting the U.S. in the War on Terror. Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, North Atlantic Cooperation Council, Commonwealth of Independent States, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and NATO's Partnership for Peace program. Kazakhstan established a customs union with Russia and Belarus which eventually became the Eurasian Economic Union. President Nazarbayev has prioritized economic diplomacy into Kazakhstan's foreign policy.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defence organization established by China and Russia in 2001. It is the world's largest regional organization in terms of geographic scope and population, covering approximately 24% of the area of world and 42% of the world population. As of 2024, its combined nominal GDP accounts for around 23%, while its GDP based on PPP comprises approximately 36% of the world's total.
Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko is a Belarusian politician who has been the president of Belarus since the office's establishment in 1994, making him the current longest-serving head of state in Europe.
The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) is an intergovernmental military alliance in Eurasia consisting of six post-Soviet states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan, formed in 2002. The Collective Security Treaty has its origins in the Soviet Armed Forces, which was replaced in 1992 by the United Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States, and was then itself replaced by the successor armed forces of the respective independent states.
The Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) is an inter-governmental forum for enhancing cooperation towards promoting peace, security and stability in Asia. It is a forum based on the recognition that there is a close link between peace, security and stability in Asia and in the rest of the world. The key idea of the Conference is based on the priority of the indivisibility of security, joint initiative and mutually beneficial interaction of small and large states.
China–Ukraine relations are foreign relations between Ukraine and China. The earliest contact in record between the nations date back to the first Russian Orthodox mission in China in 1715, which was led by the Ukrainian Archimandrite Hilarion (Lezhaysky). As part of the Soviet Union, Ukraine recognized the People's Republic of China in October 1949. After Ukraine gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the two countries built formal diplomatic relations in 1992, and declared a strategic partnership in 2011.
China–Kyrgyzstan relations are the bilateral relationship between China and Kyrgyzstan.
Belarus and Ukraine both are full members of the Baku Initiative and Central European Initiative. In 2020, during the Belarusian protests against president Lukashenko, the relationship between Ukraine and Belarus began to deteriorate, after the Ukrainian government criticized Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko. In the waning days of 2021, the relationship between both countries rapidly deteriorated, culminating in a full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022. Belarus has allowed the stationing of Russian troops and equipment in its territory and its use as a springboard for offensives into northern Ukraine but has denied the presence of Belarusian troops in Ukraine. Even though part of the Russian invasion was launched from Belarus, Ukraine did not break off diplomatic relations with Belarus, but remain frozen. In July 2024, Lukashenko described Ukraine as an enemy.
Belarus and Israel established diplomatic relations in 1992. In 1947, Belarus voted in favor for the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine. Belarus operates an embassy in Tel Aviv, while Israel operates an embassy in Minsk. Around 130,000 Belarusian citizens immigrated to Israel during the 1990s under the Law of Return.
Brazil–China relations are the current and historical relationship between Brazil and China. Relations between Brazil and China began in the early nineteenth century and continued until 1949, when they were disrupted by the creation of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Diplomatic relations between the PRC and Brazil officially began in 1974 with agreement on the establishment and operation of Brazil's embassy in Beijing and China's embassy in Brasília. Since then, bilateral ties have developed mostly based on non-interference, equality, and mutual benefit (win-win).
China and Russia established diplomatic relations after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
The 2012 SCO summit was the 12th annual summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
The China–Arab States Cooperation Forum is a formal dialogue initiative between China and the Arab League established in 2004. It serves as the primary multilateral coordination mechanism between China and the Arab states.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Interbank Consortium is a platform for joint financing of development projects by members and other participants of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, China stated that it respects Ukraine's sovereignty but Russia's concerns about enlargement of NATO should also be addressed. It abstained from United Nations votes that condemned the invasion. The Chinese government has attempted to mediate between the two countries, but its proposals have faced criticism. Although China objected to international sanctions against Russia, Chinese companies have largely complied with them. Drones made by Chinese manufacturers are used by both sides in the conflict. Exports of dual-use technology and component parts from China to Russia have drawn sanctions from the U.S. and condemnation from NATO and the European Union. Chinese state media outlets and netizens often gave more weight to Russian state views, sometimes reposting disinformation.
The 2022 SCO summit was the 22nd annual summit of heads of state of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation held between 15 and 16 September 2022 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
The 2023 France–China summit was a three-day state visit by Emmanuel Macron, the President of France, to China from April 5 to 7, 2023. It was Macron's first visit to China since the COVID-19 pandemic and his third since taking office in 2017. He was accompanied by a delegation of more than 50 CEOs and met with members of the French business community in China. He also met with Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and President of China, and Ursula von der Leyen, the President of the European Commission, to discuss various issues. By recalling the solid foundation of China-France relations and the friendship between the two peoples, the two heads of state had an in-depth exchange of views on bilateral relations, China-EU relations and major international and regional issues, especially the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine and China's potential role as a mediator between Russia and the West. The visit was seen as an attempt to "reconnect" with China after three years of its zero-Covid policy and despite Beijing's increasing benevolence to Russia in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war.
Events of the year 2024 in Belarus.
The 2024 SCO summit was the 24th annual summit of heads of state of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation held between 3 and 4 July 2024 in Astana, Kazakhstan.
From July 2 to 6, 2024, Chinese President Xi Jinping will attend the 2024 SCO summit in Astana and pay state visits to the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Tajikistan.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)| Africa |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Americas | ||
| Asia | ||
| Europe | ||
| Multilateral relations | ||
| Diplomatic missions | ||
