Bernard M. Levinson

Bernard Malcolm Levinson
Bernard Malcolm Levinson
Born	1952; South Porcupine, Ontario
Nationality	American
Title	Professor of Classical and Near Eastern Studies and of Law
Academic background
Education	York University, McMaster University
Alma mater	Brandeis University (PhD)
Thesis	(1991)
Doctoral advisor	Michael Fishbane

Last updated September 01, 2023

ISBN 978-1-57506-259-4

Legal Revision and Religious Renewal in Ancient Israel. NY and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-51344-9

Paperback edition, 2010. ISBN 978-0-521-17191-5
Der kreative Kanon: Innerbiblische Schriftauslegung und religionsgeschichtlicher Wandel im alten Israel. Introduction by Prof. Dr. Hermann Spieckermann. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012. This translation of Legal Revision and Religious Renewal in Ancient Israel is a new edition, revised and expanded for the German context. ISBN 978-3-161-51787-7
Fino alla quarta generazione: Revisione di leggi e rinnovamento religioso nell’Israele antico. Rome: Gregorian University and Pontifical Biblical Institute Press, 2012. ISBN 978-8-821-57134-3
Revisão legal e renovação religiosa no Antigo Israel. São Paulo, Brazil: Paulus Editora, 2011. ISBN 978-8-534-93279-0
L’herméneutique de l’innovation: Canon et exégèse dans l’Israël biblique. Introduction by Jean Louis Ska. Le livre et le rouleau 24. Brussels: Editions Lessius, 2006. ISBN 978-2-87299-146-4

"The Right Chorale": Studies in Biblical Law and Interpretation. Forschungen zum Alten Testament 54; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008. ISBN 978-3-16-149382-9

Paperback edition, 2011. ISBN 978-1-57506-210-5

Deuteronomy and the Hermeneutics of Legal Innovation. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Paperback edition, 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-511280-1
Korean translation^[23] (Osan-City, South Korea: Hanshin University Press, 2009). ISBN 978-89-7806-128-5

Books edited

Institutionalized Routine Prayers at Qumran: Fact or Assumption? Paul Heger and Bernard M. Levinson. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019. ISBN 978-3-525-57131-6
The Formation of the Pentateuch: Bridging the Academic Discourses of Europe, Israel, and North America. Edited by Jan C. Gertz, Bernard M. Levinson, Dalit Rom-Shiloni, and Konrad Schmid. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019. ISBN 978-3-16-153883-4
The Pentateuch as Torah: New Models for Understanding Its Promulgation and Acceptance. Gary N. Knoppers, co-editor. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2007. ISBN 978-3-16-153883-4
Theory and Method in Biblical and Cuneiform Law: Revision, Interpolation, and Development. Classic Reprints series, Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix, 2006. ISBN 978-1-905048-61-8
Judge and Society in Antiquity. Edited by Aaron Skaist and Bernard M. Levinson. Special double issue of MAARAV: A Journal for the Study of the Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures 12.1–2 (2005).^[24]
Recht und Ethik im Alten Testament: Studies in Honor of Gerhard von Rad . Eckart Otto, co-editor, with Walter Dietrich. Münster/London: LIT, 2004. ISBN 978-3-8258-5460-7
Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East. Victor H. Matthews and Tikva Frymer-Kensky, co-editors. JSOTSup 262. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998; paperback, 2004. ISBN 978-0-567-54500-8

Commentaries

"Introduction to Deuteronomy.” Pages 61–76 in Engaging Torah: Modern Perspectives on the Hebrew Bible. Edited by Walter Homolka and Aaron Panken. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 2018. ISBN 978-0878201594
"Deuteronomy: Introduction and Commentary." Pages 356–450 in The Jewish Study Bible. Edited by Adele Berlin and Marc Zvi Brettler. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Second edition (significantly revised), 2014. Pages 339–428. ISBN 978-0-19-997846-5
"Deuteronomy." In New Oxford Annotated Bible. Third edition. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, 240–313. Revised for The New Oxford Annotated Bible, with the Apocrypha: An Ecumenical Study Bible. Fully Revised Fourth Edition. Edited by Michael D. Coogan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Pages 247–312. ISBN 978-0-19-528478-2

Selected articles and book chapters

“Strategies for the Reinterpretation of Normative Texts within the Hebrew Bible,” International Journal of Legal Discourse 3 (2018): 1–31.
"Refining the Reconstruction of Col. 2 of the Temple Scroll (11QTa): The Turn to Digital Mapping and Historical Syntax," in Dead Sea Discoveries: A Journal of Current Research on the Scrolls and Related Literature 23:1 (2016): 1–26.
"Better That You Should Not Vow Than That You Vow and Not Fulfill’: Qoheleth’s Use of Textual Allusion and the Transformation of Deuteronomy’s Law of Vows." Pages 28–41 in Reading Ecclesiastes Intertextually. Edited by Katharine Dell and Will Kynes. Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies, vol. 587. London: T&T Clark, 2014.
"The Limitations of ‘Resonance.’ A Response to Joshua Berman on Historical and Comparative Method," (Co-author: Jeffrey Stackert), in Journal of Ancient Judaism, 4 (2013): 310–333.
"This is the Manner of the Remission’: Legal Exegesis and Eschatological Syntax in 11QMelchizedek," (Co-author: Michael Bartos), in Journal of Biblical Literature, 132:2 (2013): 351–371.^[25]
"La scoperta goethiana della versione 'originale' dei Dieci Comandamenti e la sua influenza sulla critica biblica: Il mito del particolarismo ebraico e dell'universalismo tedesco." Pages 71–90 in Il roveto ardente: Scritti sull’ebraismo Tedesco in memoria di Francesca Y. Albertini. Edited by Irene Kajon. Rome: Lithos Editrice, 2013.
"Between the Covenant Code and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty: Deuteronomy 13 and the Composition of Deuteronomy," (Co-author: Jeffrey Stackert), in Journal of Ancient Judaism, 3 (2012): 123–140.
"Die neuassyrischen Ursprünge der Kanonformel in Deuteronomium 13,1.'" Pages 23–59 in Viele Wege zu dem Einen: Historische Bibelkritik - Die Vitalität der Glaubensüberlieferung in der Moderne. Edited by Stefan Beyerle, Axel Graupner, and Udo Rüterswörden. Biblisch-theologische Studien 121. Neukirchen Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 2012.
"The Development of the Jewish Bible: Critical Reflections upon the Concept of a 'Jewish Bible' and on the Idea of Its 'Development.'" Pages 377–392 in What is Bible? Edited by Karin Finsterbusch and Armin Lange. Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2012.
"Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty as the Source for the Canon Formula in Deuteronomy 13:1," Journal of the American Oriental Society 130 (2010): 337–347.
"Gab es eine Bundestheologische Redaktion des Deuteronomiums?," in Viele Wege zu dem Einen: Historische Bibelkritik - Die Vitalität der Glaubensüberlieferung in der Moderne. Edited by Stefan Beyerle and Axel Graupner. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, forthcoming in 2011.
"Deuteronomy." The Encyclopedia of the Bible. Edited by Michael D. Coogan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
"The King James Bible at 400: Scripture, Statecraft, and the American Founding." (Co-author: Joshua A. Berman). The History Channel Magazine, special supplement, November 2010, pp. 1–11.^[7]
"The Neo-Assyrian Origins of the Canon Formula in Deuteronomy 13:1." Pages 25–45 in Scriptural Exegesis: The Shapes of Culture and the Religious Imagination (Essays in Honour of Michael Fishbane). Edited by Deborah A. Green and Laura Lieber. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
"Reading the Bible in Nazi Germany: Gerhard von Rad's Attempt to Reclaim the Old Testament for the Church." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 62.3 (July, 2008): 238–53.
"The First Constitution: Rethinking the Origins of Rule of Law and Separation of Powers in Light of Deuteronomy." Cardozo Law Review 27:4 (2006): 1853–1888.
"'Du sollst nichts hinzufügen und nichts wegnehmen' (Dtn 13,1): Rechtsreform und Hermeneutik in der Hebräischen Bibel." Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 102 (2006): 157–183.
"The Manumission of Hermeneutics: The Slave Laws of the Pentateuch as a Challenge to Contemporary Pentateuchal Theory." Pages 281–324 in Congress Volume Leiden 2004. Edited by André Lemaire. Vetus Testamentum Supplements 109. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2006.
"The Birth of the Lemma: Recovering the Restrictive Interpretation of the Covenant Code's Manumission Law by the Holiness Code (Lev 25:44–46)." Journal of Biblical Literature 124 (2005): 617–639.
"The Metamorphosis of Law into Gospel: Gerhard von Rad's Attempt to Reclaim the Old Testament for the Church" (with Douglas Dance). In Recht und Ethik im Alten Testament. Edited by Bernard M. Levinson and Eckart Otto. Münster/London: LIT Verlag, 2004, 83–110.
"Is the Covenant Code an Exilic Composition? A Response to John Van Seters." In In Search of Pre-Exilic Israel: Proceedings of the Oxford Old Testament Seminar. Edited by John Day. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series, vol. 406. London & New York: T. & T. Clark, 2004, 272–325.
"'You Must Not Add Anything to What I Command You': Paradoxes of Canon and Authorship in Ancient Israel." Numen: International Review for the History of Religions 50 (2003): 1–51.
"Goethe's Analysis of Exodus 34 and Its Influence on Julius Wellhausen: The Pfropfung of the Documentary Hypothesis." Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 114 (2002): 212–23.
"Revelation Regained: The Hermeneutics of כי and אם in the Temple Scroll" (Co-author: Molly M. Zahn). Dead Sea Discoveries: A Journal of Current Research on the Scrolls and Related Literature 9:3 (2002): 295–346.
"Textual Criticism, Assyriology, and the History of Interpretation: Deuteronomy 13:7a as a Test Case in Method." Journal of Biblical Literature 120 (2001): 211–43.

Selected review articles

Review of Susannah Heschel, The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologian and the Bible in Nazi Germany. (Co-author: Tina Sherman). Review of Biblical Literature (2010).
"The Bible's Break with Ancient Political Thought to Promote Equality—'It Ain't Necessarily So.'" A review article of Joshua Berman, Created Equal: How the Bible Broke with Ancient Political Thought. The Journal of Theological Studies 61:2 (2010). Online advance access: doi : 10.1093/jts/flq048.^[26]
Essay review of Michael Fishbane, Sacred Attunement: A Jewish Theology. Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 64 (2010): 294–300.

Related Research Articles

The Bible is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all of which, or a variant of which, are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, Baha'i'ism and many other religions. The Bible is an anthology, a compilation of texts of a variety of forms, originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek. These texts include instructions, stories, poetry, and prophecies, and other genres. The collection of materials that are accepted as part of the Bible by a particular religious tradition or community is called a biblical canon. Believers in the Bible generally consider it to be a product of divine inspiration, but the way they understand what that means and interpret the text varies.

Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Torah, where it is called Devarim and the fifth book of the Christian Old Testament.

Midrash is expansive Jewish Biblical exegesis using a rabbinic mode of interpretation prominent in the Talmud. The word itself means "textual interpretation", "study", or "exegesis", derived from the root verb darash (דָּרַשׁ‎), which means "resort to, seek, seek with care, enquire, require", forms of which appear frequently in the Hebrew Bible.

The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites. The second division of Christian Bibles is the New Testament, written in the Koine Greek language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Torah</span> First five books of the Hebrew Bible

The Torah is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. It is known as the Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses by Christians. It is also known as the Written Torah in Jewish tradition. If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll. If in bound book form, it is called Chumash, and is usually printed with the rabbinic commentaries.

The documentary hypothesis (DH) is one of the models used by biblical scholars to explain the origins and composition of the Torah. A version of the documentary hypothesis, frequently identified with the German scholar Julius Wellhausen, was almost universally accepted for most of the 20th century. It posited that the Pentateuch is a compilation of four originally independent documents: the Jahwist (J), Elohist (E), Deuteronomist (D), and Priestly (P) sources. The first of these, J, was dated to the Solomonic period. E was dated somewhat later, in the 9th century BCE, and D was dated just before the reign of King Josiah, in the 7th or 8th century BCE. Finally, P was generally dated to the time of Ezra in the 5th century BCE. The sources would have been joined together at various points in time by a series of editors or "redactors."

The Samaritan Torah, commonly called the Samaritan Pentateuch, is a text of the Torah written in the Samaritan script and used as sacred scripture by the Samaritans. It dates back to one of the ancient versions of the Hebrew Bible that existed during the Second Temple period, and constitutes the entire biblical canon in Samaritanism.

The oldest surviving Hebrew Bible manuscripts—including the Dead Sea Scrolls—date to about the 2nd century BCE (fragmentary) and some are stored at the Shrine of the Book in Jerusalem. The oldest extant complete text survives in a Greek translation called the Septuagint, dating to the 4th century CE. The oldest extant manuscripts of the vocalized Masoretic Text, date to the 9th century CE.

Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible. For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history, historical criticism, philology, theology, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, mythology, and comparative religion.

Biblical criticism is the use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible. During the eighteenth century, when it began as historical-biblical criticism, it was based on two distinguishing characteristics: (1) the scientific concern to avoid dogma and bias by applying a neutral, non-sectarian, reason-based judgment to the study of the Bible, and (2) the belief that the reconstruction of the historical events behind the texts, as well as the history of how the texts themselves developed, would lead to a correct understanding of the Bible. This sets it apart from earlier, pre-critical methods; from the anti-critical methods of those who oppose criticism-based study; from the post-critical orientation of later scholarship; and from the multiple distinct schools of criticism into which it evolved in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

The Deuteronomist, abbreviated as either Dtr or simply D, may refer either to the source document underlying the core chapters (12–26) of the Book of Deuteronomy, or to the broader "school" that produced all of Deuteronomy as well as the Deuteronomistic history of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, and also the Book of Jeremiah. The adjectives "Deuteronomic" and "Deuteronomistic" are sometimes used interchangeably; if they are distinguished, then the first refers to the core of Deuteronomy and the second to all of Deuteronomy and the history.

The Ritual Decalogue is a list of laws at Exodus 34:11–26. These laws are similar to the Covenant Code and are followed by the phrase "ten commandments". Although the phrase "Ten Commandments" has traditionally been interpreted as referring to a very different set of laws, in Exodus 20:2–17, many scholars believe it instead refers to the Ritual Decalogue found two verses earlier.

John Van Seters is a Canadian scholar of the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East. Currently University Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of North Carolina, he was formerly James A. Gray Professor of Biblical Literature at UNC. He took his Ph.D. at Yale University in Near Eastern Studies (1965) and a Th.D. h.c. from the University of Lausanne (1999). His honours and awards include a Guggenheim Fellowship, an NEH fellowship, an ACLS Fellowship, and research fellowships at Oxford, Cambridge, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and National Research Foundation of South Africa. His many publications include The Hyksos: A New Investigation (1966); Abraham in History and Tradition (1975); In Search of History ; The Edited Bible (2006); and The Biblical Saga of King David (2009).

Gerhard von Rad was a German academic, Old Testament scholar, Lutheran theologian, exegete, and professor at the University of Heidelberg.

Gerald "Gary" Neil Knoppers was a professor in the Department of Theology at University of Notre Dame. He wrote books and articles regarding a range of Old Testament and ancient Near Eastern topics. He is particularly renowned for his work on 1 Chronicles, writing I Chronicles 1 – 9 and I Chronicles 10 – 29, which together comprise a significant treatment of the work of the Chronicler. In May 2005 the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies/Societe canadienne des Etudes bibliques granted the R. B. Y. Scott Award to Knoppers for his two-volume Anchor Bible commentary on I Chronicles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mosaic authorship</span> Belief that the Torah was dictated to Moses by God

Mosaic authorship is the Judeo-Christian tradition that the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, were dictated by God to Moses. The tradition probably began with the legalistic code of the Book of Deuteronomy and was then gradually extended until Moses, as the central character, came to be regarded not just as the mediator of law but as author of both laws and narrative.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Origins of Judaism</span>

The origins of Judaism lie in the Bronze Age amidst polytheistic ancient Semitic religions, specifically evolving out of the polytheistic ancient Canaanite religion, then co-existing with Babylonian religion, and syncretizing elements of Babylonian belief into the worship of Yahweh as reflected in the early prophetic books of the Hebrew Bible.

The earliest known precursor to Hebrew, an inscription in the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, is the Khirbet Qeiyafa Inscription, if it can be considered Hebrew at that early a stage.

The composition of the Torah was a process that involved multiple authors over an extended period of time. While Jewish tradition holds that all five books were originally written by Moses sometime in the 2nd millennium BCE, leading scholars have rejected Mosaic authorship since the 17th century.

Benjamin D. Sommer is an American biblical scholar and Jewish theologian. He is a Professor of Bible at The Jewish Theological Seminary of America and a Senior Fellow at the Shalom Hartman Institute. He is a former director of the Crown Family Center for Jewish Studies at Northwestern University.

References

↑ "Prof Bernard M Levinson PhD". Cnes.cla.umn.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
1 2 3 "Bernard M. Levinson : Professor of Classical and Near Eastern Studies and of Law". Law.umn.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "DynaXML Error: Invalid Document". Archived from the original on 2011-07-21.
↑ "U loses some, wins some in fight to hire and retain stars". Princeton.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "University of Minnesota TC: M". Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
↑ "Perspectives: the Magazine of the Program in Religious Studies : Vol. 4, No. 1". Religiousstudies.umn.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
1 2 "King James Bible at 400" (PDF). Sbl-site.org. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "Religion Led to Rift Among Mothers of Feminism". The New York Times. 25 July 1998. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "Oneiromancer, n. : Oxford English Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2013-07-08.
↑ http://www.aajr.org/officers-and-fellows/ . Retrieved 2012-06-15.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
↑ "American Academy of Jewish Research". Aajr.org. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "Convergence and Divergence in Pentateuchal Theory: Bridging the Academic Cultures of Israel, North America, and Europe - The Institute for Advanced Studies". As.huji.ac.il. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "The Pentateuch within Biblical Literature: Formation and Interaction". Ias.huji.ac.il. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Levinson, Bernard M. (2012). "The Development of the Jewish Bible: Critical Reflections Upon the Concept of a 'Jewish Bible' and on the Idea of Its 'Development'" (PDF). In Finsterbusch, Karin; Lange, Armin (eds.). What is "Bible?". “What is Bible?” International conference co-organized by the Institut für Judaistik at the University of Vienna and the Institut für Evangelische Theologie at the University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany, May 30–June 3, 2010. Peeters Publishers. pp. 377–392. SSRN 2194193 . Retrieved 30 January 2022.
↑ "Accolades September 9, 2010". Blog.lib.umn.edu. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "CLA Imagine Fund Award Winners 2009". Cla.umn.edu. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "Features". Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
↑ "SBL Publications". Sbl-site.org. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "Deuteronomy and the Hermeneutics of Legal Innovation". Oup.com. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "Deuteronomy and the Hermeneutics of Legal Innovation". Oup.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Verlage". Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
↑ "IEKAT". Iecot.com. 28 May 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "Levinson". Libro.co.kr. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ "Judge and Society in Antiquity : Edited by Aaron Skaist and Bernard M. Levinson". Eisenbrauns.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ ""This Is the Manner of the Remission": Implicit Legal Exegesis in 11QMelchizedek as a Response to the Formation of the Torah". Jbl.metapress.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
↑ Levinson, B. M. (2010). "Sign In". The Journal of Theological Studies. 61 (2): 685–694. doi:10.1093/jts/flq048.

External links

Levinson’s papers
Academic Website, University of Minnesota.
Law School Profile, University of Minnesota.
Center for Jewish Studies, University of Minnesota.
"Rethinking an Ancient Text." In Perspectives, the Magazine of the Program in Religious Studies, University of Minnesota (Fall 2009).
"Levinson’s Road to Scholarship Paved With Joy." In CLA Today, University of Minnesota (Spring 2001).
"Six Other Calamities Blamed on Divine Retribution." On Belief Blog, CNN.com, March 16, 2011.
"Gerhard Von Rad: State Interference and Unflappable Belief in Nazi Germany." On CLR Forum (Center for Law and Religion at St. John's University School of Law), Nov. 2, 2011.
"Betrayal of the Humanities: The University during the Third Reich," a symposium co-organized by Bernard Levinson and Bruno Chaouat. April 15–16, 2012.

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[1] "Prof Bernard M Levinson PhD". Cnes.cla.umn.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[Son-2] 1 2 3 "Bernard M. Levinson : Professor of Classical and Near Eastern Studies and of Law". Law.umn.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[3] "DynaXML Error: Invalid Document". Archived from the original on 2011-07-21.

[4] "U loses some, wins some in fight to hire and retain stars". Princeton.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[5] "University of Minnesota TC: M". Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2010.

[6] "Perspectives: the Magazine of the Program in Religious Studies : Vol. 4, No. 1". Religiousstudies.umn.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[James-7] 1 2 "King James Bible at 400" (PDF). Sbl-site.org. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[8] "Religion Led to Rift Among Mothers of Feminism". The New York Times. 25 July 1998. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[9] "Oneiromancer, n. : Oxford English Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2013-07-08.

[10] ttp://www.aajr.org/officers-and-fellows/ . Retrieved 2012-06-15.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[11] "American Academy of Jewish Research". Aajr.org. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[12] "Convergence and Divergence in Pentateuchal Theory: Bridging the Academic Cultures of Israel, North America, and Europe - The Institute for Advanced Studies". As.huji.ac.il. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[13] "The Pentateuch within Biblical Literature: Formation and Interaction". Ias.huji.ac.il. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[Levinson-14] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Levinson, Bernard M. (2012). "The Development of the Jewish Bible: Critical Reflections Upon the Concept of a 'Jewish Bible' and on the Idea of Its 'Development'" (PDF). In Finsterbusch, Karin; Lange, Armin (eds.). What is "Bible?". “What is Bible?” International conference co-organized by the Institut für Judaistik at the University of Vienna and the Institut für Evangelische Theologie at the University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany, May 30–June 3, 2010. Peeters Publishers. pp. 377–392. SSRN 2194193 . Retrieved 30 January 2022.

[15] "Accolades September 9, 2010". Blog.lib.umn.edu. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[16] "CLA Imagine Fund Award Winners 2009". Cla.umn.edu. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[17] "Features". Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2010-02-10.

[18] "SBL Publications". Sbl-site.org. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[19] "Deuteronomy and the Hermeneutics of Legal Innovation". Oup.com. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[20] "Deuteronomy and the Hermeneutics of Legal Innovation". Oup.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[21] "Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Verlage". Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2010.

[22] "IEKAT". Iecot.com. 28 May 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[23] "Levinson". Libro.co.kr. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[24] "Judge and Society in Antiquity : Edited by Aaron Skaist and Bernard M. Levinson". Eisenbrauns.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[25] ""This Is the Manner of the Remission": Implicit Legal Exegesis in 11QMelchizedek as a Response to the Formation of the Torah". Jbl.metapress.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

[26] Levinson, B. M. (2010). "Sign In". The Journal of Theological Studies. 61 (2): 685–694. doi:10.1093/jts/flq048.

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[7]

[26]

Authority control
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National	France BnF data Germany Israel Belgium United States Czech Republic Korea Netherlands
People	Deutsche Biographie
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Bernard Malcolm Levinson
Born	1952 South Porcupine, Ontario
Nationality	American
Title	Professor of Classical and Near Eastern Studies and of Law

Academic background
Education	York University, McMaster University
Alma mater	Brandeis University (PhD)
Thesis	(1991)
Doctoral advisor	Michael Fishbane