The 1984 Summer Olympics were an international multi-sport event held from July 28 to August 12, 1984, in Los Angeles, California, United States. It marked the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games, the first being in 1932. This was the first of two consecutive Olympic Games to be held in North America with Calgary, Alberta, Canada to host the 1988 Winter Olympics. California was the home state of the incumbent U.S. President Ronald Reagan, who officially opened the Games. These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch.
The 1944 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIII Olympiad, was a planned international multi-sport event scheduled to have been held from 22 July to 5 August 1944 in London, England, United Kingdom. The games were cancelled because of World War II alongside the 1944 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, and were the fifth games to be cancelled due to war. However, unofficial celebrations went ahead anyway in Switzerland as well as by Polish prisoners of war held in German-occupied Poland.
The 2012 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also known as London 2012, were an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football, began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales, followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July. There were 10,518 athletes from 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) who participated in the 2012 Olympics.
National Olympic Committees that wish to host an Olympic Games select cities within their territories to put forth bids for the Olympic Games. The staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid. Since the creation of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, which successfully appropriated the name of the Ancient Greek Olympics to create a modern sporting event, interested cities have rivaled for selection as host of the Summer or Winter Olympic Games. 51 different cities have been chosen to host the modern Olympics: three in Eastern Europe, five in East Asia, one in South America, three in Oceania, nine in North America and all the others in Western Europe. No Central American, African, Central Asian, Middle Eastern, South Asian, or Southeast Asian city has ever been chosen to host an Olympics.
At the closing date of the receipt of applications to host 2006 Winter Olympics on February 1, 1998, six cities had formally presented their candidatures to the IOC. The deadline for the receipt of candidature files was set at September 1, 1998. The Evaluation Commission proceeded with its visits to the six candidate cities in October and November 1998.
The Netherlands first sent athletes to the Olympic Games in 1900, and has participated in almost all Games since then with the exception of 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis. The Netherlands boycotted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne as a protest against the Soviet invasion in Hungary just a few weeks before the beginning of the Games; however, one Dutch rider competed in the 1956 equestrian events, held in Stockholm a few months before the rest of the Games.
The Youth Olympics are a multi-sport event organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) every two years, alternating between Summer Youth Olympics and Winter Youth Olympics. Selection of the host city is done by postal voting by the members of the IOC four to five years prior to the tournament, in which the IOC members vote between candidate cities which have submitted bids. Bids for the first four games have been made by 15 cities in 14 countries.
The selection process for the 1928 Winter Olympics consisted of three bids, all from Switzerland, and saw St. Moritz be selected ahead of Davos and Engelberg. The selection was made at the 24th IOC Session in Lisbon, Portugal, on 6 May 1926.
The selection process for the 1932 Winter Olympics consisted of nine bids. It saw Lake Placid, United States, be selected ahead of candidates Yosemite Valley, Lake Tahoe, Bear Mountain, Duluth, Minneapolis and Denver, Oslo, and Montreal, Quebec. The selection was made at the 27th IOC Session in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 10 April 1929.
The selection process for the 1936 Winter Olympics consisted of three bids, and saw Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, be selected ahead of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and St. Moritz, Switzerland. The selection was made at the 31st IOC Session in Vienna, Austria, on 10 April 1933.
The selection process for the 1944 Winter Olympics consisted of three bids, and saw Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, be selected ahead of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and Oslo, Norway. The selection was made at the 31st IOC Session in London, Great Britain, on 9 June 1939. The games were ultimately not held due to the Second World War. Cortina d'Ampezzo was ultimately awarded two Winter Olympics in 1956 and 2026.
The selection process for the 1972 Winter Olympics consisted of three bids, and saw Sapporo, Japan, be selected ahead of Banff, Alberta, Canada; Lahti, Finland; and Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The selection was made at the 64th IOC Session in Rome on 25 April 1966.
The selection process for the 1976 Winter Olympics consisted of four bids, and saw Denver, Colorado, United States, selected ahead of Sion, Switzerland; Tampere, Finland; and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The selection was made at the 70th International Olympic Committee (IOC) Session in Amsterdam on 12 May 1970. The year 1976 was the centennial of the state of Colorado and bicentennial of the United States.
The selection process for the 1984 Winter Olympics consisted of three bids, and saw Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, be selected ahead of Sapporo, Japan, and Gothenburg, Sweden. The selection was made at the 80th International Olympic Committee (IOC) Session in Athens on 18 May 1978.
The selection process for the 1994 Winter Olympics consisted of four bids and saw Lillehammer, Norway, selected ahead of Östersund, Sweden; Sofia, Bulgaria; and Anchorage, Alaska, United States. The selection was made at the 94th IOC Session in Seoul, South Korea, on 15 September 1988.
The selection process for the 1998 Winter Olympics consisted of five bids, and saw Nagano, Japan, be selected ahead of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Östersund, Sweden; Jaca, Spain; and Aosta, Italy. The selection was made at the 97th IOC Session in Birmingham, United Kingdom, on 15 June 1991.
Tokyo 2020 was a successful bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics by the city of Tokyo and the Japanese Olympic Committee. On September 7, 2013 at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, Tokyo won their bid to host the games. Tokyo previously hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics. On August 3, 2016 it was reported that the IOC approved the addition of five sports to the program of the 2020 Olympics including the return of baseball and softball. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 Summer Olympics ended up being rescheduled from 24 July 2020 to 23 July 2021.
