Overview | |
---|---|
Games of the XXXII Olympiad XVI Paralympic Games | |
Winner: Tokyo Runner-up: Istanbul Shortlist: Madrid | |
Details | |
Committee | IOC |
Election venue | Buenos Aires 125th IOC Session |
Map of the bidding cities | |
Important dates | |
Bid | 1 September 2011 |
Decision | 7 September 2013 |
Decision | |
Winner | Tokyo (60 votes) |
Runner-up | Istanbul (36 votes) |
There were six bids initially submitted for the 2020 Summer Olympics. [1] Tokyo was ultimately elected as the host city at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 7 September 2013. [2]
The Olympic bidding process begins with the submission of a city's application to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) by its National Olympic Committee (NOC) and ends with the election of the host city by the members of the IOC during an ordinary session. The process is governed by the Olympic Charter, as stated in Chapter 5, Rule 34. [3]
Since 1999, the process has consisted of two phases. During the first phase, which begins immediately after the bid submission deadline, the "applicant cities" are required to answer a questionnaire covering themes of importance to a successful Games organization. This information allows the IOC to analyze the cities' hosting capacities and the strengths and weaknesses of their plans. Following a detailed study of the submitted questionnaires and ensuing reports, the IOC Executive Board selects the cities that are qualified to proceed to the next phase. The second phase is the true candidature stage: the accepted applicant cities (from now on referred to as "candidate cities") are required to submit a second questionnaire in the form of an extended, more detailed, candidature file. [4] These files are carefully studied by the IOC Evaluation Commission, a group composed of IOC members, representatives of international sport federations, NOCs, athletes, the International Paralympic Committee, and international experts in various fields. [5] It is chaired by Sir Craig Reedie. The members of the Evaluation Commission then make four-day inspection visits to each of the candidate cities, where they check the proposed venues and are briefed about details of the themes covered in the candidature file. The Evaluation Commission communicates the results of its inspections in a report sent to the IOC members up to one month before the electing IOC Session. [4]
The IOC Session in which a host city is elected takes place in a country that did not submit an application to stage the Olympics. [4] The election is made by the assembled active IOC members (excluding honorary and honor members), each possessing one vote. Members from countries that have a city taking part in the election cannot vote while the city is in the running. The voting is conducted in a succession of rounds until one bid achieves an absolute majority of votes; if this does not happen in the first round, the bid with the fewest votes is eliminated and another voting round begins. In the case of a tie for the lowest number of votes, a special runoff vote is carried out, with the winner proceeding to the next round. After each round, the eliminated bid is announced. [6] [7] Following the announcement of the host city, the successful bid delegation signs the "Host City Contract" with the IOC, which delegates the responsibilities of the Games organisation to the city and respective NOC. [8]
The timeline of the host city selection process was approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) executive board as follows: [9] [10]
Six cities were put forward by their respective National Olympic Committees (NOCs) to apply to host the Games initially, but Rome withdrew its bid shortly before the applicant files were due. [17] The bidding cities come from two continents, Europe and Asia (Istanbul is considered to be located on the border between Asia and Europe). In 2020 it will be twelve years since an Asian city hosted the Summer Olympics (Beijing 2008) and eight years since a European city hosted the Summer Olympics (London 2012). Out of the six bidders, Tokyo had previously hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1964. The other four bidders have made bids in the past. It is the first time in 20 years that no city in the Americas bid to host the Summer Olympic Games. Rio de Janeiro was awarded the 2016 Summer Olympics. Baku and Doha bid for the 2016 Games but failed to become candidate cities, while Tokyo and Madrid also bid for the 2016 Games and became candidate cities.
Criteria | Istanbul | Tokyo | Baku | Doha | Madrid | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TUR | JPN | AZE | QAT | ESP | ||||||
Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | |
Games concept and competition venues | 6.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
Olympic village(s) | 6.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 9.5 | 7.0 | 9.0 |
International broadcast centre / media press centre | 6.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 |
Sports experience | 5.5 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 8.5 |
Environment and meteorology | 5.0 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 9.0 |
Accommodation | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
Transport | 5.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
Medical services and doping control | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
Safety and security | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 |
Telecommunications | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 |
Energy | 6.0 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
Legal aspects, customs, immigration formalities | 7.0 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 |
Government and public support | 8.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 |
Finance and marketing | 6.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 |
The IOC voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 7 September 2013 at the 125th IOC Session at the Buenos Aires Hilton in Buenos Aires, Argentina. An exhaustive ballot system was used. No city won over 50% of the votes in the first round, and Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place. A run-off vote between these two cities was held to determine which would be eliminated. In the final vote, a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul, Tokyo was selected at 20:20 UTC (5:20 pm Buenos Aires time, 5:20 am Tokyo Time 8 September 2013) by 60 votes to 36 votes.
City | Team | Round 1 | Runoff | Round 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tokyo | Japan | 42 | — | 60 |
Istanbul | Turkey | 26 | 49 | 36 |
Madrid | Spain | 26 | 45 | — |
The candidate cities for the 2020 Olympics were, in order of drawing lots: [20]
It was announced at the 1 September 2011 deadline for bidding that Baku had submitted a bid to host the 2020 Olympics. [27] Baku submitted their application file to the IOC on 1 February 2012. [28] The National Assembly of Azerbaijan voted to endorse the bid in February 2012. [29] Baku hosted the 2015 European Games.
On 26 August 2011, Doha announced that it was bidding for the 2020 Games. [30] [31]
Doha hosted the 2006 Asian Games and the 2011 Pan Arab Games. In 2010, Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Several stadiums will be located in Doha. The country also hosted the 1988 and 2011 AFC Asian Cups.
Rome was nominated by the Italian National Olympic Committee on 19 May 2010. Italy's capital city was chosen over Venice as the country's bid for the 2020 Games. [32] [33]
Rome previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 and was chosen to host the 1908 Summer Olympics, but was relocated to London due to the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It bid to host the 2004 Games but lost to Athens in the final round of voting. Rome hosted the 2009 World Aquatics Championships as well as the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final. Italy previously hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. Italy will also host the 2026 Winter Olympics via a joint bid between Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo.
However the Rome municipal administration withdrew its support from the bid on the eve of the delivery of the application files, stating that it would not be a responsible use of money in "Italy's current condition." [34]
The following cities had proposed bidding; however, they did not bid or even formally announce their intentions to bid. Those cities that won the bid for the next Olympics do include: Hobart, Australia, placed a bid for 2020 Summer Olympics but the bid was unsuccessful. [35] However, Paris, France, was eventually selected to host the 2024 Olympic Games, as France pulled out of the 2020 bid following the defeat of Annecy's bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics. 2024 will coincide with the 100th anniversary of the 1924 Olympics which were held in the French capital. [36] Various cities in the United States were interested in bidding, but the USOC confirmed that the US would not bid, citing an ongoing dispute with the IOC. [37] [38] The IOC stated that it would like to have received a bid for 2020 from the United States. [39] On 29 August 2011, it was revealed that Las Vegas submitted a bid to the IOC without USOC consent. The IOC rejected the bid. Nearby Los Angeles in California who hosted the 1932 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics will host the 2028 Summer Olympics. [40]
In Germany, Berlin, after it had hosted the cancelled Olympics due to World War I in 1916, then another one in 1936, it had failed the bidding in 2000 and 2020. [41] Budapest also bid for both 1916, 1920, 1936, 1944, 1960, 2020 and 2028; but in the end it was not selected. [42]
Kuala Lumpur had started to bid for the 2008 Summer Olympics, but it was not selected in 2001. Then, Kuala Lumpur decided to bid for the future Olympics considering the increasing public transport connectivity with the Mass Rapid Transit that is opened in 2017. With the change of governments since 2018, the high-speed rail was cancelled. Instead, Kuala Lumpur would go on to host the 128th IOC Session, where the IOC selected the host city for 2022 Winter Olympics. [43] At India, Delhi, had the intention to bid for the Olympics, in the end it was not successful. [44] [45] Cairo (Egypt), Casablanca (Morocco), Durban (South Africa) and Nairobi (Kenya) had also bid for the Olympics in Africa, which will be the first African city to host if selected. It was announced on 17 August 2011 that South Africa will not put forth a 2020 bid. [46] [47] [48] [49] Otherwise, in Dubai (UAE), it was considering a bid for 2020 Summer Olympics but decided to wait until 2024, while the fact is that in the Arab continent, it was the first to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup at Qatar. [50] In the North America, Guadalajara was not selected and Toronto had long considered a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics, especially after their successful bid for the 2015 Pan American Games, but announced on 11 August 2011 that the idea will be dropped due to budgetary restrictions. [51] In Europe, Lisbon has been the first time bidding in the Olympics, [52] [53] [54] but in Russia, St Petersburg decided not to bid despite having discussed the plan with the head of the Russian Olympic Committee. They withdrew on 22 August 2011, instead planning on bidding for either 2024 or 2028. [55] Prague was cancelled due to the Great Recession and the 2009 swine flu pandemic. [56] Bucharest also decided not to proceed because the city hall's general counsellors believed the project would be unachievable. [57]
Busan did not put forth the bid following Pyeongchang's successful bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics, but instead bid for the future Olympics. [58]
Nine cities submitting bids to host the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics[a] were recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The Committee shortlisted five of them—London, Madrid, Moscow, New York City, and Paris—from which London eventually prevailed; thus becoming the first city to host the Olympic Games for a third time. The bidding process for the 2012 Olympics was considered one of the most hotly contested in the history of the IOC. Paris was seen by some as the front-runner for much of the campaign, but skillful lobbying by London's supporters and an inspirational final presentation by Sebastian Coe led to the success of its bid.
Ten cities submitted bids to host the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics that were recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), five of which made the IOC Executive Committee's shortlist. The games were awarded to Beijing, China on July 13, 2001. The other shortlisted cities were Toronto, Paris, Istanbul and Osaka. Beijing won an absolute majority of votes after two rounds of voting, eliminating the need for subsequent rounds of voting. IOC delegates and the media identified a number of factors in its favor, including the size of the country, improvements in Chinese anti-doping enforcement, and its close loss to Sydney, Australia eight years earlier. In that bidding process, which chose the host city for the 2000 Summer Olympics, Beijing led every round of voting but lost in the final round to Sydney by two votes.
Seven applicant cities presented bids to host the 2014 Winter Olympics and Paralympics to the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC Executive Board shortlisted three cities—Sochi, Russia; Salzburg, Austria; and Pyeongchang, South Korea—with Sochi winning the IOC's July 2007 final vote.
Seven cities submitted bids for 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics on September 13, 2007, aiming to host the Games of the XXXI Olympiad. All of them were recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on September 14, 2007, becoming Applicant cities. Although several cities submitted to be in consideration to host the 2016 Olympics, including New York City and Los Angeles, on June 4, 2008, the IOC Executive Board shortlisted the four strongest bids to become Candidate cities. Those cities were Chicago, Madrid, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo; the decisions were made during a meeting in Athens, Greece. The remaining Applicant cities—Baku, Doha and Prague—were eliminated.
Rio 2016 was a successful bid to host the Games of the XXXI Olympiad and the XV Paralympic Games, respectively. It was submitted on September 7, 2007, and recognized as an Applicant city by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) one week after. On June 4, 2008, the IOC Executive Board shortlisted Rio de Janeiro with three of the six other Applicant cities—Chicago, Madrid and Tokyo; over Baku, Doha and Prague—becoming a Candidate city during the 2008 SportAccord Convention in Athens, Greece.
The Madrid bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics was an unsuccessful bid, first recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on September 14, 2007. The IOC shortlisted four of the seven applicant cities—Chicago, United States; Tokyo, Japan; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Madrid, Spain; over Baku, Azerbaijan; Doha, Qatar; and Prague, Czech Republic—on June 4, 2008 during a meeting in Athens, Greece. This was followed by an intensive bidding process which finished with the election of Rio de Janeiro at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, Denmark, on October 2, 2009.
The Youth Olympics are a multi-sport event organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) every two years, alternating between Summer Youth Olympics and Winter Youth Olympics. Selection of the host city is done by postal voting by the members of the IOC four to five years prior to the tournament, in which the IOC members vote between candidate cities which have submitted bids. Bids for the first four games have been made by 15 cities in 14 countries.
Rome 2020 was a proposed bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics by the city of Rome and the Italian National Olympic Committee. Rome had previously hosted the 1960 Summer Olympics. The bid for the 2020 Games was withdrawn due to the lack of support from the Italian government.
Istanbul 2020 was a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics by the city of Istanbul and the Turkish Olympic Committee.
Madrid 2020 was a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics by the city of Madrid and the Spanish Olympic Committee.
Tokyo 2020 was a successful bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics by the city of Tokyo and the Japanese Olympic Committee. On September 7, 2013 at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, Tokyo won their bid to host the games. Tokyo previously hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics. On August 3, 2016 it was reported that the IOC approved the addition of five sports to the program of the 2020 Olympics including the return of baseball and softball. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 Summer Olympics ended up being rescheduled from 24 July 2020 to 23 July 2021.
Baku 2020 was a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics by the city of Baku and the National Olympic Committee of Azerbaijan. Bids were also placed by Doha, Istanbul, Madrid, Rome and the chosen host city of Tokyo.
A total of six bids were initially submitted for the 2022 Winter Olympics. Four of the bids were subsequently withdrawn by 1 October 2014, citing either the high costs of hosting the Games or the lack of local support, leaving Almaty, Kazakhstan and Beijing, China as the only two remaining candidate cities. Beijing was then elected as the host city at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 31 July 2015.
The bidding for the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics Games began on 2 February 2009, with cities presented their candidature files. In the competition to host the inaugural Youth Olympic Games in 2014, the IOC list three cities in December 2009. Guadalajara officially withdrew the bid on 22 January 2010, two weeks after the release of the IOC evaluation commission's report and less than three weeks before the final vote in Vancouver.
Six bids were made for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. The IOC selected three of the bids as candidate cities. On July 4, 2013, Buenos Aires was elected as host city.
Bids were due by 28 November 2013, the candidates cities were selected on 5 December 2014 and Lausanne was elected host city on 31 July 2015.
Five bids were initially submitted for the 2024 Summer Olympics. Following withdrawals, two bidding cities—Paris and Los Angeles—were left in the process. In July 2017, the IOC agreed to award the 2024 and 2028 Games simultaneously. Los Angeles agreed to bid for the 2028 Games, effectively ceding the 2024 Games to Paris.