1932 Summer Olympics

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Games of the X Olympiad
1932 Summer Olympics logo.svg
Emblem of the 1932 Summer Olympics
Host city Los Angeles, United States
Nations37
Athletes1,332 (1,206 men, 126 women)
Events117 in 14 sports (20 disciplines)
OpeningJuly 30, 1932
ClosingAugust 14, 1932
Opened by
Stadium Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Summer

The 1932 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the X Olympiad and also known as Los Angeles 1932) were an international multi-sport event held from July 30 to August 14, 1932, in Los Angeles, California, United States. The Games were held during the worldwide Great Depression, with some nations not traveling to Los Angeles; 37 nations competed, compared to the 46 in the 1928 Games in Amsterdam, [lower-alpha 1] and even then-U.S. President Herbert Hoover did not attend the Games. [lower-alpha 2] The organizing committee did not report the financial details of the Games, although contemporary newspapers claimed that the Games had made a profit of US$1,000,000. [lower-alpha 2]

Contents

Host city selection

The selection of the host city for the 1932 Summer Olympics was made at the 23rd IOC Session in Rome, Italy, on 9 April 1923. Remarkably, the selection process consisted of a single bid, from Los Angeles’ Olympic Committee lead by Billy Garland, and as there were no bids from any other city, Los Angeles was selected by default to host the 1932 Games.[ citation needed ]

Highlights

The Australian Olympic Team at the Olympic Stadium, Los Angeles, 1932 The Australian Olympic Team at the Olympic Stadium, Los Angeles, 1932 - photographer unknown.jpg
The Australian Olympic Team at the Olympic Stadium, Los Angeles, 1932
Lauri Lehtinen (left) and Ralph Hill finishing the 5000 m race at the 1932 Olympics Lauri Lehtinen and Ralph Hill 1932.jpg
Lauri Lehtinen (left) and Ralph Hill finishing the 5000 m race at the 1932 Olympics

Medals awarded

Takeichi Nishi with Olympic steed, Uranus Takeichi Nishi.jpg
Takeichi Nishi with Olympic steed, Uranus

117 events in 20 disciplines, comprising 14 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1932. In one of two Equestrian jumping events (team competitions) no medals were awarded. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.

Demonstration sports

Art

The Art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics awarded medals for works inspired by sport-related themes in five categories: architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture.

Venues

The Rose Bowl hosted the track cycling events for the 1932 Summer Olympics Rosebowl.JPG
The Rose Bowl hosted the track cycling events for the 1932 Summer Olympics

Fifteen sports venues were used for the 1932 Summer Olympics. In order to control costs in the wake of the Great Depression, existing venues were used. They included two golf courses, two city parks, three public highways, and a city road. The Swimming Stadium was the only new venue constructed for these games. The Rose Bowl, constructed in 1921, was made into a temporary velodrome for track cycling events under the auspices of the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). [15] [16] The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, constructed in 1923, was used as the Olympic Stadium. [17] [18] The Olympic Auditorium was constructed in 1924 in preparation for Los Angeles being awarded the Games; it was modified to meet the specifications of the boxing, weightlifting, and wrestling federations. [19] Long Beach Marine Stadium was created in 1925 when Alamitos Bay was dredged, then further dredged seven years later in time for the 1932 Games. [20] Elysian Park, the oldest city park in Los Angeles, was founded in 1886, and has been part of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) training academy since 1925. [21] [22] The Riviera Country Club opened in 1926 as the Los Angeles Athletic Club Golf Course and was renamed Riviera by the time of the 1932 Games. [23] The Swimming Stadium, constructed adjacent to the Coliseum in 1932, was intended to be a temporary structure. [24] Riverside Drive, Los Angeles Avenue, Vineyard Avenue, and the Pacific Coast Highway were common driving routes in California at the time of the 1932 Games. [25] [26]

The Coliseum was the first home for the Dodgers Major League Baseball (MLB) team when it moved from Brooklyn, New York in the 1958 season. [27] The following year, it hosted the MLB All-Star Game and the World Series. [28] [29] Once Dodger Stadium was completed in 1962, the Dodgers moved there where they have been since. [30] The Los Angeles Rams National Football League (NFL) team used the Coliseum as its host stadium from 1946 to 1980 when it moved to Anaheim, located southeast of Los Angeles. [31] [32] It also hosted what became known as Super Bowl I in 1967. [33] Even the American Football League's Chargers used the Coliseum as a venue in 1960 until their move to San Diego the following year. [34] The Coliseum continues to host USC Trojans football games to this day, and also hosted UCLA Bruins football for a number of years. The Rams returned to the Coliseum for a span of four years from 2016 to 2019.

The track constructed in the Rose Bowl was given to the Tournament of Roses Association upon completion of the 1932 Games. [15] The Bowl was expanded between 1932 and the 1984 Summer Olympics three times, increasing its capacity from 83,000 in 1931 to 104,594 in 1972. [35] It hosted Super Bowl XI in 1977, where the Oakland Raiders defeated the Minnesota Vikings 32–14. [35] It is the current home of UCLA Bruins football and the Rose Bowl Game, and was the home of the L.A. Galaxy soccer team for a number of years.

Elysian Park's shooting range was left intact for the LAPD to use. [15] Sunset Fields Golf Club was renamed Brentwood Country Club in 1941 and is still in use as of 2010. [36] All of the road courses were returned to public usage after the Olympics. [25] [26] The Olympic Auditorium continued to be of use for boxing and roller derby events [37] until June 2005 when it was bought to be used as a megachurch. Los Angeles Harbor continues to be a major sea port in the Western United States, employing 919,000 people and generating US$39.1 billion in annual wages and tax revenues as of 2007. [38] The Riveria Country Club continues to host golf events, hosting the 1948 U.S. Open and the PGA Championship in 1983 and 1995. [39] [40] [41] The Swim Stadium was renovated in 2003 and continues to be in use as of 2010. [42]

For the 1984 Summer Olympics, the Coliseum and the Rose Bowl were used as venues. [43]

VenueSportsCapacityRef.
160th Regiment State Armory Fencing, Modern pentathlon (fencing)1,800 [44]
Los Angeles Harbor Sailing Not listed [45]
Los Angeles Police Pistol Range Modern pentathlon (shooting), Shooting Not listed [15]
Long Beach Marine Stadium Rowing 17,000 [46]
Los Angeles Avenue Cycling (road)Not listed [25]
Olympic Auditorium Boxing, Weightlifting, Wrestling 10,000. [19]
Olympic Stadium Athletics, Equestrian (eventing, jumping), Field hockey, Gymnastics 105,000 [17]
Pacific Coast Highway Cycling (road)Not listed [25]
Riverside Drive at Griffith Park Athletics (50 km walk)Not listed [26]
Riviera Country Club Equestrian (dressage, eventing), Modern pentathlon (riding)9,500 [47]
Rose Bowl in Pasadena Cycling (track)85,000 [15]
Sunset Fields Golf Club Modern pentathlon (running)Not listed [48]
Swimming Stadium Diving, Modern pentathlon (swimming), Swimming, Water polo 10,000 [24]
Vineyard Avenue Cycling (road)Not listed [25]
Westchester Equestrian (cross-country riding)Not listed [49]

Participating nations

Participants (blue = first-time) 1932 Summer Olympic games countries.png
Participants (blue = first-time)
Number of athletes 1932 Summer olympics team numbers.png
Number of athletes

A total of 37 nations were represented at the 1932 Games. Colombia made its first appearance at the Olympic Games, and the Republic of China competed for the first time after its failed appearance at the 1924 Games.

Participating National Olympic Committees

Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees


Medal count

These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1932 Games.

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1US flag 48 stars.svg  United States (host nation)413230103
2Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg  Italy 12121236
3Flag of France.svg  France 105419
4Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 95923
5Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan 77418
6Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946; 3-2 aspect ratio).svg  Hungary 64515
7Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 581225
8Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain 47516
9Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg  Germany 312520
10Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 3115

See also

Notes

  1. Nations competing at the Amsterdam Olympics but not the 1932 Los Angeles Games were Bulgaria, Chile, Cuba, Egypt, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Panama, Rhodesia, Romania and Turkey.
  2. 1 2 Hoover, who also skipped the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, was the second U.S. president to miss a Games in the United States held during his term. The first was President Theodore Roosevelt, who decided not to attend the 1904 Summer Olympics, held in St. Louis, Missouri, because St. Louis mayor David R. Francis declined to let Roosevelt help officiate. [2]
  3. In a letter dated May 1931, the IOC president, Count Henri de Baillet-Latour, advised the organizing committees of both Summer and Winter games that athletes should "stand on three pedestals, with the centre one higher than the two others." See Martin (2000) and Olympic.org article "1932: THE PODIUM MAKES ITS OLYMPIC DEBUT".

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The women's high jump event at the 1932 Olympic Games took place August 7. When world record holder and returning silver medalist Lien Gisolf failed at 1.60, the medalists were determined. Eva Dawes made the next height but was unable to make 1.62m leaving her with the bronze medal. The two American jumpers Jean Shiley and Babe Didrikson jumped evenly through the rest of the competition. Both cleared a new world record of 1.65 m on their first attempt and then missed at 1.67 m. A jump-off was ordered at 1.67 m and both Americans had successful clearances on their first attempt. But after Didrikson’s jump, the officials convened and ruled that she had jumped head-first, which was then illegal, and was termed diving. This gave the gold medal to Jean Shiley. Didrikson later noted that she had jumped in the same style throughout the competition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Athletics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon</span>

The men's marathon at the 1932 Summer Olympics took place on August 7. It started and finished at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Twenty-eight athletes from 14 nations competed. The 1930 Olympic Congress in Berlin had reduced the limit from 6 athletes per NOC to 3 athletes. The event was won by Juan Carlos Zabala of Argentina, the nation's first Olympic marathon medal. Great Britain also earned its first Olympic marathon medal with Sam Ferris's silver, while Finland made the marathon podium for a fourth consecutive Games as Armas Toivonen won bronze.

For the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, United States, a total of five sports venues were used. This was unchanged from the previous games in St. Moritz. For the first time in the history of the Winter Olympics, an indoor venue was used for the figure skating and six of the twelve ice hockey events at the Olympic Arena. The first bobsleigh venue outside Europe was constructed for use. Four different 18 km and five different 50 km venues were submitted for approval prior to the Olympics. After the 1932 games, three of these venues served as host for their respective championships that were held outside Europe for the first time.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venues of the 1984 Summer Olympics</span>

For the 1984 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-one venues were used. The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl, two venues previously used for the 1932 Summer Olympics, were used for the 1984 Games. Between the 1932 and the 1984 Summer Olympics, the expansion of professional sports teams assisted in the growth of the facilities that would be used for the 1984 events. Only two new permanent venues were constructed, both using corporate sponsorship, though neither were mentioned in the official Olympic report. Many other venues had temporary adjustments and returned to their normal usage once the 1984 Olympics were completed. Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto and the Rose Bowl later served as venues for the Super Bowl, the FIFA World Cup, and the FIFA Women's World Cup.

A total of twenty-nine sports venues were used for the 1996 Summer Olympics.

The 1932 United States Olympic trials for track and field were held on July 15 and July 16, 1932 and decided the United States team for the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. The trials for men and women were held separately; men competed in Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California, while women competed in Dyche Stadium in Evanston, Illinois. Both meetings also served as the annual United States outdoor track and field championships. For the first time, only the top three athletes in each event qualified for the Olympics; until 1928, every nation had been allowed four entrants per event.

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Bibliography
Summer Olympics
Preceded by X Olympiad
Los Angeles

1932
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