Sailing at the Games of the X Olympiad | |
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![]() Xth Olympiad Los Angeles Bronze tablet Yachting | |
Venues | Los Angeles Harbor |
Dates | First race: 5 August 1932 Last race: 12 August 1932 |
Competitors | 57 from 11 nations |
Boats | 23 |
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens Greece). With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1932 consisted of a total of four sailing classes (disciplines). For each class races were scheduled from 5–12 August directly off the Los Angeles Harbor on the Pacific Ocean.
Source: [1]
Los Angeles Harbor | |
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Angels Gate light | |
![]() Entrance to the Los Angeles Harbor. On the right the courses of the Snowbird were laid. To the left those of the other three classes. | |
General information | |
Status | Completed |
Type | Olympic harbor |
Location | San Pedro Breakwater |
Town or city | Los Angeles, California |
Country | ![]() |
Coordinates | 33°42′30.5″N118°15′06.0″W / 33.708472°N 118.251667°W |
Elevation | Sealevel |
Construction started | 1910 |
Completed | 1913 |
Opened | 1913 |
Cost | $36,000 |
Owner | US Coast Guard |
The Xth Olympiad Yachting events were raced in the Pacific Ocean directly off the Port of Los Angeles, over a course used for the past eight years in local yachting. This course was selected because of its suitability for wind conditions, its freedom from tides and swift currents, and the clearness of its waters, with the added advantage of offering spectators a full view from the Point Fermin headlands. Constant winds were assured as in this locality the trade wind comes up about mid-day, bringing with it a true westerly wind varying from eight to fifteen knots in velocity.
— Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles, Official Report of the Games of the X Olympiad [1]
Due to the predicted Sea breeze in Los Angeles Harbor it was decided to race the Snowbirds in the lighter morning breezes. However, during the mornings there was virtually no wind at all. Therefore, some races of the Snowbird were sailed in the afternoon in heavy conditions. Luckily no capsizing took place. It also gave issues for those sailors who were competing not only in the Snowbird but also in one of the other classes.
The courses had been well prepared. The marks were laid by the United States Lighthouse Service in the form of large Government buoys, and kelp beds under the lee of Point Fermin were marked by the United States Navy Department as restricted area. Visiting yachts were kept at a safe distance from the racing boats by the US Coast Guard. Tows were arranged by the US Navy to and from Los Angeles Harbor to the race area's. On the Pacific side of the San Pedro Breakwater the Star, 6 Metre and 8 Metre yachts had their races. Those classes had to pass the Angels Gate light in order to reach the course area. The Snowbird stayed inside the breakwater to protect them from the ocean swell. [1]
Source: [1]
Continents | Countries | Classes | Boats | Male | Female |
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3 | 11 | 4 | 23 | 57 | 0 |
![]() ● Green = Participating for the first time ● Blue = Participating ● Light Blue = Have previously participated |
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![]() ● Green = Participating for the first time ● Blue = Participating ● Light Blue = Have previously participated |
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Class | Type | Venue | Event | Sailors | First OG | Olympics so far |
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Snowbird | Dinghy | Los Angeles | ![]() | Max. 1 Max. 1 substitutes | 1932 | 1 |
Star | Keelboat | Los Angeles | ![]() | Max. 2 Max. 2 substitutes | 1932 | 1 |
6 Metre | Keelboat | Los Angeles | ![]() | Max. 5 Max. 5 substitutes | 1908 | 6 |
8 Metre | Keelboat | Los Angeles | ![]() | Max. 6 Max. 6 substitutes | 1908 | 6 |
Legend: ![]() | ||||||
Source: [1]
● | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | ● | Event finals | ● | Closing ceremony |
Date | July | August | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 Sat | 31 Sun | 1 Mon | 2 Tue | 3 Wed | 4 Thu | 5 Fri | 6 Sat | 7 Sun | 8 Mon | 9 Tue | 10 Wed | 11 Thu | 12 Fri | 13 Sat | 14 Sun | |
Sailing (actual) | ● ● ● ● | ● ● ● ● | ●● ● ● ● | ● ● ● ● | ● ● ● | ●● ● ● | ●●● ● | ● | ||||||||
Total gold medals | 8 Metre | 6 Metre | Snowbird | Star | ||||||||||||
Ceremonies | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||
Source: [2]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
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![]() 1932: Snowbird | ![]() Jacques Lebrun | ![]() Bob Maas | ![]() Santiago Amat |
![]() 1932: Star | ![]() Gilbert Gray Andrew Libano | ![]() George Colin Ratsey Peter Jaffe | ![]() Gunnar Asther Daniel Sundén-Cullberg |
![]() 1932: 6 Metre | ![]() Tore Holm Olle Åkerlund Åke Bergqvist Martin Hindorff | ![]() Robert Carlson Temple Ashbrook Frederic Conant Emmett Davis Donald Douglas Charles Smith | ![]() Philip Rogers Gardner Boultbee Ken Glass Jerry Wilson |
![]() 1932: 8 Metre | ![]() Owen Churchill John Biby Alphonse Burnand Kenneth Carey William Cooper Pierpont Davis Carl Dorsey John Huettner Richard Moore Alan Morgan Robert Sutton Thomas Webster | ![]() Ronald Maitland Ernest Cribb Peter Gordon George Gyles Harry Jones Hubert Wallace | No further competitors |
Source: [2]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
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1 | ![]() | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
2 | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
3 | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
4 | ![]() | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
5 | ![]() | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
![]() | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
7 | ![]() | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Totals (7 entries) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 11 |
The 1932 Olympics featured for the first time the Star as Olympic discipline. This turned out to be so far the longest run for a sailing discipline in the Olympics. The Star was an Olympic class from 1932 to 2012 with the exception of 1976.
The USOC proposed to discontinue the 12' Dinghy in favor of a small V-bottom Catboat locally known as the Snowbird as the single handed one design class. This proposal was approved by the IYRU and IOC. The locally available Snowbirds were equipped with new masts, sails and rigging.
For medical incidents during the Yachting events a United States Navy boat and a US Coast Guard boat were on duty during the races. This boats were equipped with an inhalator and crew furnished by the Los Angeles Fire Department.
Seven local physicians provided voluntary service (in alphabetical order):
Three sailors attempted to sail in the Snownbird and the Star. This was a challenge since the schedule of the Snowbird was modified due to the light air weather conditions in the mornings of the regattas. [1]
During the Sailing regattas at the 1932 Summer Olympics among others the following persons were competing in the various classes:
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad. With the exception of 1904 and possibly the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. sailing was always a part of the Olympic program. The Sailing program of 1984 consisted of a total of seven sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from 31 July 1984 to 8 August 1984 of the coast of Long Beach, Los Angeles County, California at the Pacific Ocean. Los Angeles hosted the Olympic sailing competitions for the second time, having previously done so during the 1932 Summer Olympics. The sailing was done on the triangular type Olympic courses.
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad. With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1928 consisted of a total of three sailing classes. For each class races were scheduled from 2–9 August 1928 on the Buiten Y near Amsterdam and on the Zuiderzee. The sailing was done on the triangular type Olympic courses.
The Soling is an open keelboat that holds the World Sailing "International class" status. The class was used from the 1972 Olympics until the 2000 Olympics as "Open three-person keelboat". Besides the Olympic career of the Soling the boat is used for international and local regattas as well as for recreational sailing. The Soling is managed by the International Soling Association under auspician of World Sailing since 1968.
Sailing has been one of the Olympic sports since the Games of the I Olympiad, held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. Despite being scheduled in the first Olympic program, the races were canceled due to severe weather conditions. Apart from the 1904 Summer Olympics, sailing has been present in every edition of the Olympic Games.
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad. With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of the 1952 Summer Olympics consisted of a total of five sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from 20 to 28 July 1952 of the coast of Harmaja.
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Greece. With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1956 consisted of a total of five sailing classes. For each class seven races were scheduled from 26 November to 5 December 1956 at Port Phillip Bay.
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad. With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1972 consisted of a total of six sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from 29 August 1972 to 8 September 1972 of the coast of Kiel-Schilksee in the Bay of Kiel. Kiel hosted the Olympic sailing competitions for the second time, having previously done so during the 1936 Summer Olympics. The sailing was done on the triangular type Olympic courses.
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad. With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1924 consisted of a total of three sailing classes (disciplines). For each of the classes the event an elimination round, semi-finals and finals were scheduled. The French National Monotype 1924 was on the program from 10 to 13 July. The Metre classes had their races from 21 to 26 July.
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad. With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1936 consisted of a total of four sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from 29 August 1936 to 8 September 1936 at the Firth of Kiel.
The 6 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics program in Harmaja. Seven races were scheduled. 56 sailors, on 11 boats, from 11 nations competed.
Jacques Baptiste Lebrun was a French sailor. He competed at the 1932, 1936, 1948, 1952 and 1960 Olympics and won a gold medal in the snowbird event in 1932. He missed the 1956 Games for financial reasons.
Adrianus Lambertus Joseph "Bob" Maas was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and took the Silver medal. In that same Olympics, Maas and his brother Jan Maas, competed in the Dutch Star Holland. In this series Maas took the 6th place. The Maas brothers took part at their own cost.
Michael Mackay McIntyre MBE is a British sailor, who was the Olympic champion in the Star class event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. He also competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, and won multiple British Finn class championships. In 1989, McIntyre was awarded an MBE for services to yachting.
Over time, several scoring systems for Sailing were used during the Summer Olympics. Many of these systems were also used by other regattas in their times. In order to understand how the medals in the Olympics were handed out one must have a look at the scoring system of that specific olympic sailing regatta.
The Snowbird was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics program in Los Angeles Harbor. Eleven races were scheduled. 12 sailors, on 11 boats, from 11 nation competed.
The Star was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics program in Los Angeles Harbor. Seven races were scheduled, plus possible tiebreakers. Fourteen sailors, on seven boats, from seven nations competed.
The 6 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics program in Los Angeles Harbor. Six races were scheduled plus possible tie breakers. 15 sailors, on 3 boats, from 3 nation competed.
The 8 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics program in Los Angeles Harbor. Four races were scheduled plus possible tie breakers. 18 sailors, on 2 boats, from 2 nations competed.
Jan Maas was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Maas competed, with his Brother Bob Maas as helmsman, in the Star, he took the 6th place. The Maas brothers took part at their own cost.