Sailing at the Games of the XI Olympiad | |
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![]() Plaque: Olympische Segel Wettbewerbe 1936 (Olympic Sailing Competition 1936) | |
Venues | Firth of Kiel |
Dates | First race: 4 August 1936 Last race: 12 August 1936 |
Competitors | 166 Male and 3 Female from 26 nations |
Boats | 59 |
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1936 consisted of a total of four sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from 29 August 1936 to 8 September 1936 at the Firth of Kiel. [1]
For the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics a choice had to be made between the Berliner Müggel Lake district or the Kiel area. Finally the Organizing committee made the decision in favour of the big boats and picked Kiel. [2] As a result of the distance between Berlin to Kiel, a special committee for Yachting sprung to life to assist the Organizing Committee for the XIth Olympiad. Since Kiel was mainly a military port this committee had to cooperate not only with the local authorities but also with the German Fleet Command in Kiel to ensure the success of the races.
Olympic Harbor | |
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![]() Burgee of the Kieler Yacht Club | |
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General information | |
Status | Completed |
Type | Olympic harbor |
Country | ![]() |
Coordinates | 54°20′16″N10°09′26″E / 54.33778°N 10.15722°E |
Elevation | Sealevel |
One race area was created to the East of Schilksee and two in the harbor area more into the Firth of Kiel. Near the course areas tribunes on barges and on land were placed for spectators. [3]
The sailing was done on the triangular type Olympic courses. The start was made in the center of a set of 8 numbered marks that were places in a circle. This made it possible to begin and finish every race sailing against the wind, regardless of the direction of the wind. During the starting procedure the sequence of the marks was communicated to the sailors. Starting upwind ensure a fair start of every race. [3] This mark system is, at least in certain German lakes, still in use in many places.
The German Navy, was besides the organization of the race management responsible, with the help of the shipping lines, for keeping the race areas free of undesirable traffic. [3]
Continents | Countries | Classes | Boats | Male | Female |
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4 | 26 | 4 | 59 | 166 | 3 [2] |
![]() ● Green = Participating for the first time ● Blue = Participating ● Light Blue = Have previously participated |
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![]() ● Green = Participating for the first time ● Blue = Participating ● Light Blue = Have previously participated |
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Class | Type | Venue | Event | Sailors | First OG | Olympics so far |
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O-Jolle | Dinghy | Kiel | ![]() | Max. 1 Max. 1 substitute | 1936 | 1 |
Star | Keelboat | Kiel | ![]() | Max. 2 Max. 2 substitutes | 1932 | 2 |
6 Metre | Keelboat | Kiel | ![]() | Max. 5 Max. 5 substitutes | 1908 | 7 |
8 Metre | Keelboat | Kiel | ![]() | Max. 6 Max. 6 substitutes | 1908 | 7 |
Legend: ![]() | ||||||
● | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | ● | Final races | ● | Closing ceremony |
Date | August | |||||||||
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3rd Sat | 4th Sun | 5th Mon | 6th Tue | 7th Wed | 8th Thu | 9th Fri | 10th Sat | 11th Sun | 12th Mon | |
Sailing (planning) [3] | ● ● ● ● | ● ● ● ● | ● ● ● ● | ● ● ● ● | ● ● ● ● | ● ● ● ● | ● ● ● ● | Spare day | ||
Total gold medals | 4 | |||||||||
Ceremonies | ● | ● | ||||||||
Source: [5]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
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![]() 1936: O-Jolle | ![]() Daan Kagchelland | ![]() Werner Krogmann | ![]() Peter Scott |
![]() 1936: Star | ![]() Peter Bischoff Hans-Joachim Weise | ![]() Arvid Laurin Uno Wallentin | ![]() Bob Maas Willem de Vries Lentsch |
![]() 1936: 6 Metre | ![]() Christopher Boardman Miles Bellville Russell Harmer Charles Leaf Leonard Martin | ![]() Magnus Konow Karsten Konow Fredrik Meyer Vaadjuv Nyqvist Alf Tveten | ![]() Sven Salén Lennart Ekdahl Martin Hindorff Torsten Lord Dagmar Salén |
![]() 1936: 8 Metre | ![]() Giovanni Reggio Bruno Bianchi Luigi De Manincor Domenico Mordini Enrico Poggi Luigi Poggi | ![]() Olaf Ditlev-Simonsen John Ditlev-Simonsen Hans Struksnæs Lauritz Schmidt Jacob Thams Nordahl Wallem | ![]() Hans Howaldt Fritz Bischoff Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Eduard Mohr Felix Scheder-Bieschin Otto Wachs |
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
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1 | ![]() | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
2 | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
4 | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
5 | ![]() | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
6 | ![]() | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Totals (6 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
During the sailing regattas at the 1936 Summer Olympics among others the following persons were competing in the various classes:
Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, often referred to as Alfried Krupp, was a German Nazi industrialist, a competitor in Olympic yacht races, and a member of the Krupp family, which has been prominent in German industry since the early 19th century. He was convicted after World War II of crimes against humanity for the genocidal manner in which he operated his factories and sentenced to twelve years in prison, subsequently commuted to three years with time served in 1951.
Bulgaria competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. The nation returned to the Olympic Games after having missed the 1932 Summer Olympics due to high travel costs. 26 competitors, all men, took part in 22 events in 7 sports.
At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, four diving events were contested, two for men, and two for women. The competitions were held from Monday 10 August 1936 to Saturday 15 August 1936.
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad. With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1932 consisted of a total of four sailing classes (disciplines). For each class races were scheduled from 5–12 August directly off the Los Angeles Harbor on the Pacific Ocean.
Danièl "Daan" Marinus Johannes Kagchelland was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his country at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. There Kagchelland won the gold medal in the O-Jolle.
Hans Howaldt was a successful and highly decorated German U-boat commander in the Kaiserliche Marine during World War I and also active in World War II. By the end of World War I he was promoted Kapitänleutnant.
Johan Robert "Joop" Carp was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium. With crew Bernard Carp and Petrus Wernink, helming Dutch boat Oranje, Carp took the Gold in the 6.5 Metre. In the 1924 Olympics Carp took part of the competition in the 6 Metre with the Dutch boat Willem Six with crew members Anthonij Guépin and Jan Vreede Carp took this time the bronze medal. In the 1936 Olympics Carp returned to the Olympics as helmsman of the Dutch 6 Metre De Ruyter this time with crew members Ansco Dokkum, Kees Jonker, Herman Looman, Ernst Moltzer and finished eighth overall.
Willem de Vries Lentsch was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam in the 12' Dinghy. In 1936, with Bob Maas as helmsmen, De Vries Lentsch took part in the Dutch Star BEM II and took the Bronze.
Adrianus Lambertus Joseph "Bob" Maas was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and took the Silver medal. In that same Olympics, Maas and his brother Jan Maas, competed in the Dutch Star Holland. In this series Maas took the 6th place. The Maas brothers took part at their own cost.
Over time, several scoring systems for Sailing were used during the Summer Olympics. Many of these systems were also used by other regattas in their times. In order to understand how the medals in the Olympics were handed out one must have a look at the scoring system of that specific olympic sailing regatta.
The O-Jolle was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics program in Firth of Kiel. Seven races were scheduled. 28 sailors, on 25 boats, from 25 nations competed.
The Star was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics program in Firth of Kiel. Seven races were scheduled. 24 sailors, on 12 boats, from 12 nations competed.
The 6 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics program in Firth of Kiel. Seven races were scheduled. 60 sailors, on 12 boats, from 12 nations competed.
The 8 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics program in Firth of Kiel. Seven races were scheduled. 60 sailors, on 10 boats, from 10 nations competed.
Ernst Octavianus Moltzer was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country as at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Ernst, as crew member on the Dutch 6 Metre De Ruyter, took the 8th place with helmsman Joop Carp and fellow crew members: Ansco Dokkum, Kees Jonker and Herman Looman.
Ansco Jan Heeble Dokkum was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country as at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Dokkum, as crew member on the Dutch 6 Metre De Ruyter, took the 8th place with helmsman Joop Carp and fellow crew members: Ernst Moltzer, Kees Jonker and Herman Looman.
Cornelis Wilhelm "Kees" Jonker was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his country at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Jonker, as crew member on the Dutch 6 Metre De Ruyter, took the 8th place with helmsman Joop Carp and fellow crew members Ansco Dokkum, Ernst Moltzer, and Herman Looman. During the 1948 Summer Olympics in Torbay, Jonker helmed the Dragon Joy, with crew members Biem Dudok van Heel and Wim van Duyl, to an 8th place.
Herman Carel Looman was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country as at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Looman, as crew member on the Dutch 6 Metre De Ruyter, took the 8th place with helmsman Joop Carp and fellow crew members: Ansco Dokkum, Ernst Moltzer and Kees Jonker.
Giovanni Stampa was an Italian sailor. He competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.