Biggles (film)

Last updated

Biggles
Biggles UK quad poster.jpg
Original British 1986 quad film poster
Directed by John Hough
Screenplay byJohn Groves
Kent Walwin
Based onthe Biggles books
by W. E. Johns
Produced by Pom Oliver
Kent Walwin
Starring Neil Dickson
Alex Hyde-White
Fiona Hutchison
Peter Cushing
Marcus Gilbert
William Hootkins
Cinematography Ernest Vincze
Edited byRichard Trevor
Music byStanislas Syrewicz
Production
companies
Compact Yellowbill
Tambarle
Distributed by United International Pictures (UK)
Release dates
  • 23 May 1986 (1986-05-23)(UK/date)
  • 29 January 1988 (1988-01-29)(USA [1] )
Running time
92 min. [2]
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Budget£7 million [3]
Box office£1.45 million (UK), [4] $112,132 (USA) [5]

Biggles is a 1986 British science fiction adventure film directed by John Hough (later released in 1988 in the United States as Biggles: Adventures in Time). [6] The plot involves time travel between the 1980s and the 1910s during World War I, involving the character, Biggles (from the series of novels by W. E. Johns). The film stars Neil Dickson, Alex Hyde-White, and Peter Cushing in his final feature film role.

Contents

Plot

In the mid 1980s, catering salesman Jim Ferguson (Alex Hyde-White), living in present-day New York City, is involuntarily transported to 1917, where he saves the life of dashing Royal Flying Corps pilot James "Biggles" Bigglesworth (Neil Dickson) after he is shot down on a photo recon mission. Before he can work out what has happened, Jim is zapped back to 1986.

He is visited by Biggles' former commanding officer, William Raymond (Peter Cushing), who is now an Air Commodore living in the Tower Bridge in London. Raymond tells him about his theory that Ferguson and Biggles are "time twins", spontaneously transported through time when the other is in mortal danger. Together, Ferguson and Biggles fight across time and against the odds to stop the Germans by destroying a revolutionary "sound weapon" with a Metropolitan Police helicopter that was stolen by Biggles while they were escaping a SWAT team in 1986 London.

Cast

Production

Development

After the success of the war film The Blue Max (1966), a film based on W. E. Johns' books was planned in 1968. Financed by Universal Pictures, a script entitled Biggles Sweeps The Skies was written by Chris Bryant and to be filmed in Algeria. [7] Pre-production work was completed, including building replica period aircraft. James Fox was tapped to play Biggles and even appeared in promotional material, [8] until the film was cancelled, due to budgetary and location problems. [9]

In February 1976, Peter James bought the rights to the Biggles stories, but the film remained in development hell for several years. [10]

In December 1979, Dudley Moore, who had just become a star with 10 , said he agreed to play Biggles and make the film in Europe after he finished Arthur (1981). [11]

In October 1980, Disney announced they would make Biggles as a co-production with producer Robert Stigwood. [12] [13]

In April 1981, a newspaper report said that the film would be produced by Kent Walwin of Yellowbill Productions, with a script from Jack Briley. Moore would star as Biggles and they hoped for Oliver Reed to play von Stalhein. [14]

Walwin had plans to make a series of Biggles adventures, stating:

We were looking for something with the quality of Bond, not just aesthetically in terms of what we could create, but financially. The subject lends itself to a mini-series – and there is almost certainly that somewhere down the line. And we could do another feature. What we are saying is that 'Biggles' is our Bond. [15]

In February 1982, it was announced that Biggles would be played by Jeremy Irons, coming off the 1981 television serial Brideshead Revisited . [16]

John Hough signed to direct in November 1984. [17] He had read the Biggles books as a child, was attracted by the unconventional story, and was available after a deal to direct a James Bond film fell through. [18]

Neil Dickson was cast as Biggles after the producers and Hough saw his performance in the 1985 miniseries A.D. Like Hough, Dickson was a fan of the novels and was thrilled at getting the chance to play the character. [19] Alex Hyde-White landed the role of Jim Ferguson based on his work in the 1984 miniseries The First Olympics: Athens 1896 . The two leads became friends during filming.

Writing

Early versions of the script were written by Michael Fallon and called for an adventure film in the mould of Raiders of the Lost Ark . [20] The original story would have been much more faithful to Johns' original novels. Some sources claim that during scriptwriting, however, Back to the Future was released and became a major hit, so the script was duly altered by Walwin and John Groves to follow this trend, to capitalize on Back to the Future's popularity. However, Biggles had already completed filming by the date of Back to the Future's UK release date of December 1985. [21]

The film takes considerable liberty with the storyline of the original novels. In addition to the introduction of a science-fiction plot, Biggles is much older than in the books (where he is only a teenager in 1917), and the characters Ginger and Bertie feature, although they don't join Biggles until much later in the book series. However, the presence of Biggles' friend Algy, adversary Erich von Stalhein and love interest Marie fits with the earlier books in the series, as does the presence of Commodore Raymond, who employed Biggles for covert operations in the later stories. [22]

Filming

The Eady Levy was due to expire at the end of March 1985, and the film was partially funded by this. As a result, filming had to be completed before the expiration date. With such a tight deadline, filming began in London on 21 January 1985, before the script had been finalized. [15] Principal photography took place over six weeks between January and March 1985. [23] The film was both Dickson's and Hyde-White's first leading role in a motion picture. [24] It was also Fiona Hutchison's first film role. She described her character, Debbie, as 'trapped and terrified.' [25] To play Biggles' rival, von Stalhein, Marcus Gilbert researched German World War I fighter aces, especially Manfred von Richthofen. At one point, he can be seen wearing a Blue Max medallion. [26]

Veteran stuntman Gerry Crampton coordinated the action sequences and designed the stunts for the film, [27] while second unit director Terry Coles, who had done similar work on Battle of Britain was in charge of filming the aerial sequences. [28]

The film includes a scene where Biggles lands a helicopter (a Bell 206 JetRanger G-BAKF) on a flat wagon on a moving train. This was filmed on the Nene Valley Railway and was apparently the first time such a stunt had been attempted. Fifteen takes were needed before the director was satisfied that the sequence was finished. The helicopter was flown by stunt pilot Marc Wolff. [29] The JetRanger was destroyed in a crash in 1989. [30]

The Sopwith Pup that crashes near the start of the film was specially built by Skysport Engineering. The crash was unplanned and the scene was rewritten to work around this. [31]

Locations

The film was mostly shot in London and on various locations in the home counties. [32] The opening scenes of Jim's New York apartment was filmed at The Avenue, Cutler's Gardens. [33] Tower Bridge and the surrounding area was extensively used, including the Tower Hotel, which doubled as the film crew's base of operations. The hotel also featured during The Wild Geese , Brannigan and the first Sweeney! spinoff film. [34] Some of the aerial sequences were shot near Millbrook Proving Ground in Bedfordshire. The 1917 weapon testing ground scene was shot at the Beckton Gas Works, which, a year later, was used for scenes in Full Metal Jacket and had been the location for the pre-title sequence in the 1981 Bond film, For Your Eyes Only , in which, coincidentally, Marc Wolff had also performed similar helicopter stunts, and it was seen during the finale of Brannigan. [35] The weapon itself was a custom-made fibreglass dish mounted on a mobile crane. It was filmed at the former London Brick Company works near Brogborough in Bedfordshire, as were the trench scenes. The site is now a landfill and recycling center owned by FCC Environment. [36] [37] The sound weapon appears to be based on a real-life sonic device that the Nazis were working on during the Second World War. It used a reflector to transmit high-energy sound waves. [38] The exterior church scenes were all filmed at All Saints Church, Holdenby, and the courtyard scenes were filmed by the stable blocks of Holdenby House. [39]

Aircraft

Several aircraft were used in the film. These included a Stampe SV.4 G-BXNW, which is flown by Biggles, and a Boeing Stearman G-AROY, which is flown by his arch-rival, von Stalhein. Both these biplanes are actually from the 1930s, as flying and maintaining actual World War I aircraft was considered prohibitively expensive. The period aircraft seen in the background during ground scenes belonged to the Shuttleworth Collection. The Stampe was flown by Stuart Goldspink, while the Stearman was piloted by former World War II bomber pilot John Jordan. [40] The Stampe was a popular choice for filming, having featured heavily in Aces High and was later seen in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade . [41] Both aircraft still exist as of 2021. [42]

Reception

Biggles received a royal charity premiere on 22 May 1986 at the Plaza Cinema on Lower Regent Street in London. [43] The film went on general release in the UK on 23 May 1986. [1] To promote the release of the film, the story was published in newspapers in comic strip form and promoted via ABC Cinemas with discounted tickets available. [44] A novelisation by Trevor Hoyle writing as Larry Milne was published, as was a picture book by Peter James to tie in to the release. [45]

The film was met with mostly negative reviews from the British press, who criticized the story, acting and disregard for Johns' original works. When released in the USA on 29 January 1988, Variety was more positive, praising the action scenes and Dickson's performance especially. [46] Sheila Benson of the Los Angeles Times found the film enjoyable in parts, but overall disappointing. [47] Colin Greenland reviewed Biggles for White Dwarf #77, and stated that Biggles was "in a silly story about the Germans developing a sonic weapon in 1917 and threatening history as we know it. Too little aerobatics, too much running around in anachronistic locations; lots of laughs, though mainly of disbelief." [48]

The film was not a success at the box office. John Hough observed that the film got into profit later through television repeats and video sales. In the intervening years, Biggles has become a cult film. [49]

In 2000, a new film entitled Biggles Flies North was announced after the rights to the character and books had been sold on with a prospective shooting date of 2001 and locations filmed in Malaysia. As of 2021, nothing has truly materialized and the project has mostly been cancelled. [50]

Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Stanislas Syrewicz and released by MCA Records on vinyl and cassette tape. [51]

Jon Anderson, frontman of Yes, wrote the lyrics for the film's signature song, "Do You Want to Be a Hero?" as well as "Chocks Away", while Stanislas composed the rhythm. Anderson and Stanislas were both signed to Island Records at the time and had agreed to collaborate on the music. [52] Just like the film, the soundtrack drew mixed reviews because of its experimental themes which seemed out of place in a period adventure and heavy use of synthesizers. [53]

Track listing

Jon Anderson – "Do You Want to Be a Hero?"
Jon Anderson – "Chocks Away"
Deep Purple – "Knocking at Your Back Door"
Mötley Crüe – "Knock 'Em Dead, Kid"
Queen - "Another One Bites The Dust"
The Immortals – "No Turning Back" co-written by John Deacon in his second non-Queen recording. Deacon was asked by John Hough to compose a song for the film after meeting him shortly after Live Aid. The track was released as a single, and the accompanying music video also starred Peter Cushing in his very last on-screen appearance. The song failed to chart. [54]

Video game

As a tie-in to the film, a video game with the same title was released in 1986 by Image Works for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. [55] The game was based on the Film's storyline and featured four different missions, including flying combat sequences with biplanes, a rooftop chase, searching for the secret weapon in a trench setting and first-person helicopter gameplay. [56] The game received mixed reviews. [57]

Related Research Articles

<i>The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension</i> 1984 American science fiction film by W. D. Richter

The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension, often shortened to Buckaroo Banzai, is a 1984 American adventure science fiction comedy film produced and directed by W. D. Richter and written by Earl Mac Rauch. It stars Peter Weller in the title role, with Ellen Barkin, John Lithgow, Jeff Goldblum, and Christopher Lloyd. The supporting cast includes Lewis Smith, Rosalind Cash, Clancy Brown, Pepe Serna, Robert Ito, Vincent Schiavelli, Dan Hedaya, Jonathan Banks, John Ashton, Carl Lumbly and Ronald Lacey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Cushing</span> English actor (1913–1994)

Peter Wilton Cushing was an English actor. His acting career spanned over six decades and included appearances in more than 100 films, as well as many television, stage and radio roles. He achieved recognition for his leading performances in the Hammer Productions horror films from the 1950s to 1970s and as Grand Moff Tarkin in Star Wars (1977).

<i>Top Gun</i> 1986 film directed by Tony Scott

Top Gun is a 1986 American action drama film directed by Tony Scott and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, with distribution by Paramount Pictures. The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps Jr., and was inspired by an article titled "Top Guns", written by Ehud Yonay and published in California magazine three years earlier. It stars Tom Cruise as Lieutenant Pete "Maverick" Mitchell, a young naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise. He and his radar intercept officer, Lieutenant Nick "Goose" Bradshaw, are given the chance to train at the United States Navy's Fighter Weapons School at Naval Air Station Miramar in San Diego, California. Kelly McGillis, Val Kilmer and Tom Skerritt also appear in supporting roles.

Hammer Film Productions Ltd. is a British film production company based in London. Founded in 1934, the company is best known for a series of Gothic horror and fantasy films made from the mid-1950s until the 1970s. Many of these involve classic horror characters such as Baron Victor Frankenstein, Count Dracula, and the Mummy, which Hammer reintroduced to audiences by filming them in vivid colour for the first time. Hammer also produced science fiction, thrillers, film noir and comedies, as well as, in later years, television series.

<i>The League of Gentlemen</i> (film) 1960 British film by Basil Dearden

The League of Gentlemen is a 1960 British heist action comedy film directed by Basil Dearden and starring Jack Hawkins, Nigel Patrick, Roger Livesey and Richard Attenborough. It is based on John Boland's 1958 novel of the same name, and features a screenplay written by Bryan Forbes, who also co-starred in the film.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biggles</span> Fictional pilot and adventurer, created by W. E. Johns

James Bigglesworth, nicknamed "Biggles", is a fictional pilot and adventurer, the title character and hero of the Biggles series of adventure books, written for young readers by W. E. Johns (1893–1968). Biggles made his first appearance in the story "The White Fokker", published in the first issue of Popular Flying magazine and again as part of the first collection of Biggles stories, The Camels Are Coming. Johns continued to write "Biggles books" until his death in 1968. The series eventually included nearly a hundred volumes – novels as well as short story collections – most of the latter with a common setting and time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">W. E. Johns</span> English writer

William Earl Johns was an English First World War pilot, and writer of adventure stories, usually written under the pen name Capt. W. E. Johns: best known for creating the fictional air-adventurer Biggles.

<i>Lethal Weapon 4</i> 1998 American film directed by Richard Donner

Lethal Weapon 4 is a 1998 American buddy cop action film directed and produced by Richard Donner, and starring Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Joe Pesci, Rene Russo, Chris Rock, and Jet Li. It is the fourth installment in the Lethal Weapon film series. It is the last film in the series directed by Donner before his death, and the latest to be released theatrically.

<i>Nineteen Eighty-Four</i> (British TV programme) 1954 British TV film

Nineteen Eighty-Four is a British television adaptation of the 1949 novel of the same name by George Orwell, originally broadcast on BBC Television in December 1954. The production proved to be hugely controversial, with questions asked in Parliament and many viewer complaints over its supposed subversive nature and horrific content. It starred Peter Cushing, Yvonne Mitchell, Donald Pleasence and André Morell.

<i>Jumanji</i> 1995 film directed by Joe Johnston

Jumanji is a 1995 American dark fantasy adventure film directed by Joe Johnston from a screenplay by Jonathan Hensleigh, Greg Taylor, and Jim Strain, based on the 1981 children's picture book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg. The film is the first installment in the Jumanji film series and stars Robin Williams, Kirsten Dunst, David Alan Grier, Bonnie Hunt, Jonathan Hyde, and Bebe Neuwirth. The story centers on a supernatural board game that releases jungle–based hazards on its players with every turn they take.

<i>The Abominable Snowman</i> (film) 1957 British film by Val Guest

The Abominable Snowman is a 1957 British fantasy-horror film directed by Val Guest and starring Forrest Tucker, Peter Cushing, Maureen Connell and Richard Wattis. It was written by Nigel Kneale based on his 1955 BBC television play The Creature, which also starred Cushing. It was produced by Aubrey Baring for Hammer Films.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neil Dickson</span> English actor

Neil Dickson is an English actor, who has worked extensively in both American and British film and television.

<i>Twins of Evil</i> 1971 British horror film directed by John Hough

Twins of Evil is a 1971 British horror film directed by John Hough and starring Peter Cushing, with Damien Thomas, real-life identical twins former Playboy Playmates Madeleine and Mary Collinson, Isobel Black, Kathleen Byron, Damien Thomas and David Warbeck. This was the Collison sisters' final acting roles.

<i>She</i> (1965 film) 1965 British film by Michael Carreras

She is a 1965 British adventure film made by Hammer Film Productions in CinemaScope, based on the 1887 novel by H. Rider Haggard. It was directed by Robert Day and stars Ursula Andress, Peter Cushing, Bernard Cribbins, John Richardson, Rosenda Monteros, and Christopher Lee. The film was an international success and led to a 1968 sequel, The Vengeance of She, with Olinka Berova in the title role.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beckton Gas Works</span> Former gas works in London

Beckton Gasworks was a major London gasworks built to manufacture coal gas and other products including coke from coal. It has been variously described as 'the largest such plant in the world' and 'the largest gas works in Europe'. It operated from 1870 to 1976, with an associated by-products works that operated from 1879 to 1970. The works were located on East Ham Level, on the north bank of the Thames at Gallions Reach, to the west of Barking Creek.

<i>Trial by Combat</i> 1976 British film by Kevin Connor

Trial by Combat is a 1976 British action adventure comedy film directed by Kevin Connor and starring John Mills and Donald Pleasence.

<i>Where the Bullets Fly</i> 1966 British film by John Gilling

Where the Bullets Fly is a 1966 British comedy spy film directed by John Gilling and starring Tom Adams, John Arnatt, Dawn Addams, Tim Barrett and Michael Ripper.

<i>Sherlock Holmes</i> (1965 TV series) 1965 TV series or program

Sherlock Holmes and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes are two British series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations for television produced by the BBC in 1965 and 1968 respectively. The 1965 production, which followed a pilot the year before, was the second BBC series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations, after one starring Alan Wheatley in 1951. The role of Holmes was played by Douglas Wilmer in 1965, and Peter Cushing in 1968. Nigel Stock starred in both series as Dr. Watson.

The Hound of the Baskervilles is a 1982 British television serial made by the BBC. It was produced by Barry Letts, directed by Peter Duguid, and starred Tom Baker as Sherlock Holmes and Terence Rigby as Doctor Watson. The adaptation aired as a four-part serial. The serial is based on Arthur Conan Doyle's 1902 Sherlock Holmes novel The Hound of the Baskervilles. The music score was composed and conducted by Carl Davis.

<i>Rogue One</i> 2016 film by Gareth Edwards

Rogue One: A Star Wars Story is a 2016 American epic space opera film directed by Gareth Edwards. The screenplay was written by Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy inspired by a story idea from John Knoll and developed by Gary Whitta. The film was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the first installment of the Star Wars anthology series, and an immediate prequel to Star Wars (1977). The main cast consists of Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Riz Ahmed, Jiang Wen, and Forest Whitaker. Set a week before the events of Star Wars: A New Hope, the plot follows a group of rebels who band together to steal plans of the Death Star, the ultimate weapon of the Galactic Empire. It details the Rebel Alliance's first effective victory against the Empire, first referenced in Star Wars' opening crawl.

References

  1. 1 2 The Times, 17 May 1986, page 18: Films: Biggles - Plaza - From Friday Linked 2015-06-13
  2. ↑ "Biggles (1985)". BBFC. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  3. ↑ "h2g2 - 'Biggles' - the Film - Edited Entry". H2g2.com. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  4. ↑ "Back to the Future: the fall and rise of the British Film Industry in the 1980s" (PDF). British Film Institute . Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2023.
  5. ↑ "Biggles (1988) - Financial Information". The Numbers. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  6. ↑ IMDb: Biggles (1986) - Release info Linked 2015-06-12
  7. ↑ "Chris Bryant". Bfi.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  8. ↑ "Image of James Fox play Biggles in the film Biggles sweeps the skies seen here in the cockpit of a replica Sopwith Camel, 1969. by Science & Society Picture Library". Scienceandsociety.co.uk. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  9. ↑ "Biggles' Biplane". Historynet.com. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  10. ↑ Decline and fall of the funny film The Observer 8 February 1976: 32
  11. ↑ How Paintings Made a Picture: MOVIE NEWS Mann, Roderick. Los Angeles Times 13 December 1979: f33.
  12. ↑ DISNEY FILMS: CHASING THE CHANGING TIMES: DISNEY IN CHANGING TIMES Warga, Wayne. Los Angeles Times 26 October 1980: o1.
  13. ↑ WISHING UPON A FALLING STAR AT DISNEY New York Times 16 November 1980: A.144.
  14. ↑ Biggles flies again Author: Peter Dunn Date: 12 April 1981 Publication: The Sunday Times (London, England) Issue: 8181
  15. 1 2 "H2g2 - 'Biggles' - the Film". 9 December 2015.
  16. ↑ Today's briefing: Gold Plunkett & Sneed INC. Chicago Tribune 22 February 1982: 16.
  17. ↑ "Biggles: The Making of a Movie (TV) (S) (1985)". Filmaffinity.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  18. ↑ Walters, Gareth (19 November 2009). "The Amazing Movie Show: 20FFF09: John Hough and The Legend of Hell House".
  19. ↑ "Neil Dickson on myCast - Fan Casting Your Favorite Stories".
  20. ↑ "Biggles Original Production Used Script original prod. Material".
  21. ↑ "Biggles: Adventures in Time Blu-ray Release Date November 29, 2016" – via www.blu-ray.com.
  22. ↑ Biggles Fansite: A history of Biggles on film Re-linked 2015-06-12
  23. ↑ Steven Parkes (21 August 2007). "Biggles on Blue Peter". YouTube. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  24. ↑ Gullo, Christopher (5 August 2004). In All Sincerity, Peter Cushing. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN   9781469120638.
  25. ↑ Marla Hart (15 April 1994). "PERSEVERANCE PAYS FOR FIONA HUTCHISON". Chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  26. ↑ Scharlach, Red. "Let's show these sausage-guzzlers what they're up against!". redscharlach.livejournal.com.
  27. ↑ "Biggles - Film (Theatrical) - Crew Members". Staffmeup.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  28. ↑ Beck, Simon D. (10 June 2016). The Aircraft-Spotter's Film and Television Companion. McFarland. ISBN   9781476663494.
  29. ↑ Beck, Simon D. (10 June 2016). The Aircraft-Spotter's Film and Television Companion. McFarland. ISBN   9781476663494.
  30. ↑ "AirHistory.net - G-BAKF aircraft photos".
  31. ↑ "Aircraft For Film & TV Productions". www.skysportengineering.co.uk.
  32. ↑ "Where was 'Biggles: Adventures in Time' filmed?". British Film Locations. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  33. ↑ "London on Location | Biggles". londononlocation.co.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  34. ↑ "London Fun: Before James Bond There Was Biggles". 8 June 2018.
  35. ↑ "the studiotour.com - Biggles - Adventures in Time (1986)". Thestudiotour.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  36. ↑ "Biggles: Adventures in Time (1986) filming location - Weapon transmitter". www.british-film-locations.com.
  37. ↑ "Brogborough". FCC Environment.
  38. ↑ "A History of Using Sound as a Weapon". www.vice.com. 30 July 2014.
  39. ↑ "Film & TV - Holdenby House". Holdenby.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  40. ↑ "2017 Aviators". Classicflyersnz.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  41. ↑ "Stampe SV.4". www.aveleyman.com.
  42. ↑ "Aerial Visuals - Airframe Dossier - Stearman-Boeing PT-17 Kaydet, s/N 42-16612 USAAF, c/N 75-4775, c/R G-AROY".
  43. ↑ The Theatres Trust Theatre Database: Plaza Cinema Linked 2015-06-13
  44. ↑ "STARLOGGED - GEEK MEDIA AGAIN - comic (non-Marvel/DC) illustration - Pinterest - Comics, Geek stuff and Marvel". Pinterest.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  45. ↑ "Biggles the Movie".
  46. ↑ "Biggles". Variety. 1 January 1986. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  47. ↑ BENSON, SHEILA (29 January 1988). "MOVIE REVIEW : 'Biggles': Exhausting Flight That Disappoints From Time to Time". Articles.latimes.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  48. ↑ Greenland, Colin (May 1986). "2020 Vision". White Dwarf (77). Games Workshop: 11.
  49. ↑ "The British Entertainment History Project | John Hough |". historyproject.org.uk.
  50. ↑ "Biggles to fly again". The Independent. 12 May 2000.
  51. ↑ "Stanislaw Syrewicz | Composer of Film and Theater music". Stanislaw Syrewicz.
  52. ↑ "Stranded".
  53. ↑ "Biggles: Adventures in Time (1986)". 16 May 2017.
  54. ↑ "The Immortals "No Turning Back" song and lyrics". www.ultimatequeen.co.uk.
  55. ↑ World Of Spectrum: Biggles Re-linked 2015-06-12
  56. ↑ "gamebase64.com - The Gamebase Collection". Gamebase64.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  57. ↑ "Biggles for Commodore 64 (1986) MobyRank". MobyGames.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.