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Overview | |
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Headquarters | Derby |
Reporting mark | BDJR |
Dates of operation | 1839–1844 |
Successor | Midland Railway |
Technical | |
Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
Length | 42 miles (68 km) |
Stations and landmarks |
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Original stations shown in bold type Contents |
Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway (B&DJR) was a British railway company. From Birmingham it connected at Derby with the North Midland Railway and the Midland Counties Railway at what became known as the Tri Junct Station. It now forms part of the main route between the West Country and the North East.
Although Birmingham was served by an extensive canal network (indeed, it is suggested they were a factor in its growth as an engineering centre), there were technical problems since Birmingham was on rising ground.
As early as 1824, Birmingham businessmen had been looking at the possibilities of the railway. The London and Birmingham Railway and the Grand Junction Railway had obtained their necessary Acts of Parliament in 1833 and a scheme for a line to Gloucester and Bristol was in the air. The North Midland had been floated in 1833 and a proposal was made to connect to its terminus at Derby
George Stephenson surveyed the route in 1835. The bill envisaged the line as running through Whitacre to meet the London and Birmingham Railway with a junction at Stechford to travel into the latter's terminus at Curzon Street. It would also run from Whitacre to Hampton-in-Arden, where it would join the L&B for connections to London.
The promoters came into conflict with those of the Midland Counties Railway even before the bills were presented to Parliament since the lines would compete with each other. In the end, the Birmingham and Derby line agreed to withdraw its branch to Hampton if it the Midland Counties withdrew its line along the Erewash valley.
Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway Act 1836 | |
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Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act for making a Railway from the London and Birmingham Railway near Birmingham, to Derby, to be called "The Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway," with a Branch. |
Citation | 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. xxxv |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 19 May 1836 |
Text of statute as originally enacted |
The Hampton branch was removed, but when the Midland Counties presented its bill, it still contained the Erewash line (although it was later dropped on the insistence of the North Midland Railway). Samuel Carter, the Birmingham and Derby solicitor, immediately issued the statutory notices for its branch and was able to incorporate it in the act. [1] [2] Royal assent for the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway Act 1836 (6 & 7 Will. 4. c. xxxv) was given on 19 May 1836 with the active support of the prime minister Robert Peel, the member for Tamworth. [3] The branch later became known as the Stonebridge Railway.
George's son Robert Stephenson took on the post of engineer, with an assistant, John Birkinshaw. Some 42 miles (68 km) long, there was no gradient steeper than 1 in 339. The design included two viaducts (the Anker Viaduct, now known as the Bolehall Viaduct [4] ) and the Wichnor Viaduct (also known as the Croxall Viaduct), seventy eight bridges and a cutting at the approach to Derby, consideration being given to the danger of flooding by the River Trent.
The Anker Viaduct is 807 feet (246 m) long, and the Croxall Viaduct is 1,310 feet (400 m) long. [5]
The rails were single parallel form, 56 pounds per yard (28 kg/m), set in chairs upon cross sleepers. Although the standard gauge was used to match the other railways it was associated with, the rails were actually set at 4 ft 9 in (1,450 mm) apart to allow extra play.
Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway Act 1837 | |
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Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to rectify a Mistake in an Act of the last Session of Parliament[n] for making a Railway from the London and Birmingham Railway near Birmingham to Derby, to be called the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway, with a Branch. |
Citation | 7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. c. lxv |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 30 June 1837 |
Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway Act 1838 | |
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Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to alter the Line of the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway. |
Citation | 1 & 2 Vict. c. lxxxii |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 27 July 1838 |
Text of statute as originally enacted |
Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway Act 1840 | |
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Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to make a further Alteration in the Line of the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway, and an Approach thereto at Tamworth, and to amend the Acts relating to the said Railway. |
Citation | 3 & 4 Vict. c. li |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 4 June 1840 |
Other legislation | |
Repealed by | |
Status: Repealed |
Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway Act 1842 | |
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Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to enable the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway Company to raise a further Sum of Money. |
Citation | 5 & 6 Vict. c. xvi |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 13 May 1842 |
Text of statute as originally enacted |
The B&DJR opened on 12 August 1839 [6] with the line into Hampton, where the trains would reverse for Birmingham. There were six stations in addition to Hampton and Derby. These were Coleshill (later renamed Maxstoke), Kingsbury, Tamworth, Walton, Burton and Willington.
From the start the joint use of Curzon Street terminus, with the London and Birmingham, gave problems. On 10 February 1842 [7] a new line was opened with a new terminus at Lawley Street. This proceeded to Whitacre via Castle Bromwich, Water Orton and Forge Mills (later renamed Coleshill). The line from Whitacre to Stechford which had not been built, was abandoned, and that to Hampton was reduced to single track.
Strong competition between the line and the Midland Counties Railway (MCR) for transport, particularly of coal, to London, almost drove both of them out of business.
The B&DJR offered a time from Derby to London of around seven hours, but when the MCR began operating it was able to make the journey in an hour less. The B&DJR lowered its fares but this simply resulted in a price war. In a war of "dirty tricks", the MCR made an agreement with the North Midland for exclusive access to its passengers. In retaliation the Birmingham board opposed a bill that the MCR had submitted to Parliament. Both lines were in dire straits and paying minuscule dividends.
The North Midland Railway (NMR) was also suffering severe financial problems arising from the original cost of the line and its buildings. At length George Hudson took control of the NMR and adopted Robert Stephenson's suggestion that the best outcome would be for the three lines to merge.
Hudson foresaw that the directors of the MCR world resist the idea and made a secret agreement with the B&DJR for the NMR to take it over. This would of course take away the MCR's customers from Derby and the North and, when news leaked out, shares in the B&DJR rose dramatically.
Hudson was able to give the MCR directors an ultimatum, and persuaded the line's shareholders to override their board and the stage was set for amalgamation.
In 1844, the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway, the Midland Counties and the North Midland Railway merged to form the new Midland Railway. [8]
The route to Hampton-in-Arden immediately lost all importance when the companies merged, since London traffic was redirected through the shorter Midland Counties route via Rugby. Known as the Stonebridge Railway, it became a minor branch line, and struggled on as such with only one daily passenger train until 1917, when this train was withdrawn as a wartime economy measure. The line remained open until 1935 for freight-only closing when one of the original timber bridges failed. The old Birmingham and Derby Junction station building at Hampton can still be seen.
The line into Lawley Street remained important, however, for passengers to the South West, who would join the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway at Camp Hill station or, from 1841, Curzon Street.
It is now part of the main line from the North East and Newcastle, via Derby and Birmingham New Street, to the south West at Bristol Temple Meads. CrossCountry is now the principal operator on the line.
The Grand Junction Railway (GJR) was an early railway company in the United Kingdom, which existed between 1833 and 1846. The line built by the company, which opened in 1837, linked the Liverpool and Manchester Railway to Birmingham via Warrington, Crewe, Stafford and Wolverhampton. This was the first trunk railway to be completed in England, and arguably the world's first long-distance railway with steam traction. It terminated at Curzon Street Station in Birmingham, which it shared with the London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR), whose adjacent platforms gave an interchange with full connectivity between Liverpool, Manchester and London.
The London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom, in operation from 1833 to 1846, when it became part of the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR).
The Midland Counties' Railway (MCR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom which existed between 1839 and 1844, connecting Nottingham, Leicester and Derby with Rugby and thence, via the London and Birmingham Railway, to London. The MCR system connected with the North Midland Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway in Derby at what become known as the Tri Junct Station. The three later merged to become the Midland Railway.
Aston railway station serves the districts of Aston and Nechells in Birmingham, England. The passenger entrance is on Lichfield Road and accessible via the staircase or lifts to take you to the platform which is raised. The station is on the Cross-City Line and the Chase Line. It is one of two local stations for Aston Villa Football Club and near to the Aston Expressway and to Gravelly Hill Interchange.
The North Midland Railway was a railway line and British railway company, which opened a line from the city of Derby in Derbyshire to the city of Leeds in Yorkshire in 1840.
The Sheffield and Rotherham Railway was a railway line in England, between the named places. The North Midland Railway was being promoted but its route was planned to go through Rotherham and by-pass Sheffield, so the S&RR was built as a connecting line. It opened in 1838. In Sheffield it opened a terminal station at Wicker, and in Rotherham at Westgate. When the NMR opened in 1840 a connecting curve was made between the two routes.
Tamworth is a split-level railway station which serves the market town of Tamworth in Staffordshire, England. It is an interchange between two main lines; the Cross Country Route and the Trent Valley section of the West Coast Main Line (WCML). It has four platforms: Two low-level platforms on the WCML, and, at a right-angle to, and passing over these, are two high-level platforms served by the Cross Country Route. Historically there were chords connecting the two lines, but there is no longer any rail connection between them.
Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway Locomotives comprised twelve passenger locomotives and two goods locomotives. When the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway (B&DJR) amalgamated with the Midland Counties Railway and the North Midland Railway to form the Midland Railway (MR) in May 1844, the former B&DJR locomotives were given MR numbers; previously, they had been named, but not numbered. Most were renumbered in February 1847.
The Stonebridge Railway was a railway line between Whitacre Junction and Hampton-in-Arden in Warwickshire, England, passing through Stonebridge. It had an intermediate station at Coleshill, which was renamed Maxstoke in 1923.
Water Orton railway station serves the village of Water Orton in Warwickshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail, and managed by West Midlands Railway. However, no West Midlands Trains stop there; it is only served by CrossCountry services.
Hampton-in-Arden railway station serves the village of Hampton-in-Arden in the West Midlands of England. It is situated on the West Coast Main Line between Coventry and Birmingham. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by West Midlands Trains.
The Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line is a railway line in the West Midlands of England. It is a loop off the West Coast Main Line (WCML) between Rugby and Stafford, via the West Midlands cities of Coventry, Birmingham and Wolverhampton. The direct route between Rugby and Stafford is the Trent Valley line.
The York and North Midland Railway (Y&NMR) was an English railway company that opened in 1839 connecting York with the Leeds and Selby Railway, and in 1840 extended this line to meet the North Midland Railway at Normanton near Leeds. Its first chairman was the railway financier George Hudson, who had been called the railway king.
The Camp Hill line is a railway line in Birmingham between Kings Norton and Birmingham New Street. Its official ELR designation is the St Andrews Junction to Kings Norton line, as the line piggybacks the station approach of the Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line to enter Birmingham New Street.
Lawley Street railway station was opened in Birmingham, England on 10 February 1842, by the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway.
Maxstoke railway station was a railway station opened in 1839 as Coleshill by the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway on its original route from Derby to Hampton-in-Arden meeting the London and Birmingham Railway for London. The station served the village of Maxstoke and town of Coleshill in Warwickshire, England.
Whitacre Junction railway station was opened in 1864 by the Midland Railway. It served the village of Whitacre Heath, Warwickshire, England.
The York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway (YN&BR) was an English railway company formed in 1847 by the amalgamation of the York and Newcastle Railway as well as the Newcastle and Berwick Railway. Both companies were part of the group of business interests controlled by George Hudson, the so-called Railway King. In collaboration with the York and North Midland Railway and other lines he controlled, he planned that the YN&BR would form the major part of a continuous railway between London and Edinburgh. At this stage the London terminal was Euston Square and the route was through Normanton. This was the genesis of the East Coast Main Line, but much remained to be done before the present-day route was formed, and the London terminus was altered to King's Cross.
Basford railway station was a station on the Grand Junction Railway serving the villages of Basford, Hough and Weston in what was then Cheshire, England.
Wichnor Viaduct is a 1,310 feet (400 m) viaduct on the former Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway line near Wychnor, Staffordshire, England now part of the Cross Country Route.