Blue nevus

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Blue nevus
Other namesBlue neuronevus, dermal melanocytoma, nevus coeruleus, nevus bleu [1]
Blue Nevus (crop).jpg
Blue nevus
Specialty Dermatology
Symptoms Single well-defined blue-black bump [2]
Complications Rarely malignant transformation [3]
TypesDendritic, cellular [2]
CausesUnclear [3]
Diagnostic method Visualisation, dermoscopy [4]
Differential diagnosis Dermatofibroma, melanoma [3] [5]
TreatmentMonitoring, excision [3]
Prognosis Good [3]
FrequencyFemale>male [2]

A blue nevus is a type of coloured mole, typically a single well-defined blue-black bump. [1] [2]

Contents

The blue colour is caused by the pigment being deep in the skin. [4]

Diagnosis is by visualisation and dermoscopy. [4] A biopsy is sometimes performed, or the whole lesion surgically removed. [3] The outcome is generally good but there is a small chance of cancerous transformation. [3] Differential diagnosis includes dermatofibroma and melanoma. [3]

Blue nevi are more common in females than males. [2] It was first studied in 1906 by Tièche, a student of Josef Jadassohn. [6]

Classification

Blue nevi may be divided into the following types: [7] :701

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melanocytic nevus</span> Benign skin tumor of pigment-producing cells

A melanocytic nevus is usually a noncancerous condition of pigment-producing skin cells. It is a type of melanocytic tumor that contains nevus cells. A mole can be either subdermal or a pigmented growth on the skin, formed mostly of a type of cell known as a melanocyte. The high concentration of the body's pigmenting agent, melanin, is responsible for their dark color. Moles are a member of the family of skin lesions known as nevi, occurring commonly in humans. Some sources equate the term "mole" with "melanocytic nevus", but there are also sources that equate the term "mole" with any nevus form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nevus</span> Mole or birthmark; visible, circumscribed, chronic skin lesion

Nevus is a nonspecific medical term for a visible, circumscribed, chronic lesion of the skin or mucosa. The term originates from nævus, which is Latin for "birthmark"; however, a nevus can be either congenital or acquired. Common terms, including mole, birthmark, and beauty mark, are used to describe nevi, but these terms do not distinguish specific types of nevi from one another.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acral lentiginous melanoma</span> Type of skin cancer

Acral lentiginous melanoma is a type of skin cancer. It typically begins as a uniform brownish mark before becoming darker and wider with a blurred irregular edge, most frequently seen in the foot of a person with darker skin. It may become bumpy and ulcerate. Just under the nail it typically appears as dark longitudinal streaks, and it may spread.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dysplastic nevus</span> Mole in the skin with an abnormal appearance

A dysplastic nevus or atypical mole is a nevus (mole) whose appearance is different from that of common moles. In 1992, the NIH recommended that the term "dysplastic nevus" be avoided in favor of the term "atypical mole". An atypical mole may also be referred to as an atypical melanocytic nevus, atypical nevus, B-K mole, Clark's nevus, dysplastic melanocytic nevus, or nevus with architectural disorder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dysplastic nevus syndrome</span> Medical condition

Dysplastic nevus syndrome, also known as familial atypical multiple mole–melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome, is an inherited cutaneous condition described in certain families, and characterized by unusual nevi and multiple inherited melanomas. First described in 1820, the condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, and caused by mutations in the CDKN2A gene. In addition to melanoma, individuals with the condition are at increased risk for pancreatic cancer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lentigo maligna melanoma</span> Medical condition

Lentigo maligna melanoma is a melanoma that has evolved from a lentigo maligna, as seen as a lentigo maligna with melanoma cells invading below the boundaries of the epidermis. They are usually found on chronically sun damaged skin such as the face and the forearms of the elderly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lentigo maligna</span> Medical condition

Lentigo maligna is where melanocyte cells have become malignant and grow continuously along the stratum basale of the skin, but have not invaded below the epidermis. Lentigo maligna is not the same as lentigo maligna melanoma, as detailed below. It typically progresses very slowly and can remain in a non-invasive form for years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Congenital melanocytic nevus</span> Congenital mole caused by genetic mutations

The congenital melanocytic nevus is a type of melanocytic nevus found in infants at birth. This type of birthmark occurs in an estimated 1% of infants worldwide; it is located in the area of the head and neck 15% of the time.

Melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential (MELTUMP) are melanocytic lesions in the dermis that cannot be classified by morphology as either benign naevi (moles) or malignant melanomas because the mass shows features of both.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skin biopsy</span> Removal of skin cells for medical examination

Skin biopsy is a biopsy technique in which a skin lesion is removed to be sent to a pathologist to render a microscopic diagnosis. It is usually done under local anesthetic in a physician's office, and results are often available in 4 to 10 days. It is commonly performed by dermatologists. Skin biopsies are also done by family physicians, internists, surgeons, and other specialties. However, performed incorrectly, and without appropriate clinical information, a pathologist's interpretation of a skin biopsy can be severely limited, and therefore doctors and patients may forgo traditional biopsy techniques and instead choose Mohs surgery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cutaneous myxoma</span> Medical condition

A cutaneous myxoma, or superficial angiomyxoma, consists of a multilobulated myxoid mass containing stellate or spindled fibroblasts with pools of mucin forming cleft-like spaces. There is often a proliferation of blood vessels and an inflammatory infiltrate. Staining is positive for vimentin, negative for cytokeratin and desmin, and variable for CD34, Factor VIIIa, SMA, MSA and S-100.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spitz nevus</span> Benign skin tumor

A Spitz nevus is a benign skin lesion. A type of melanocytic nevus, it affects the epidermis and dermis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benign melanocytic nevus</span> Medical condition

A benign melanocytic nevus is a cutaneous condition characterised by well-circumscribed, pigmented, round or ovoid lesions, generally measuring from 2 to 6 mm in diameter. A benign melanocytic nevus may feature hair or pigmentation as well.

Pseudomelanoma is a cutaneous condition in which melanotic skin lesions clinically resemble a superficial spreading melanoma at the site of a recent shave removal of a melanocytic nevus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balloon cell nevus</span> Medical condition

Balloon cell nevus is a benign nevus. It appears like a melanocytic nevus.

Oral pigmentation is asymptomatic and does not usually cause any alteration to the texture or thickness of the affected area. The colour can be uniform or speckled and can appear solitary or as multiple lesions. Depending on the site, depth, and quantity of pigment, the appearance can vary considerably.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melanoma with features of a Spitz nevus</span> Medical condition

Melanoma with features of a Spitz nevus, also known as a Spitzoid melanoma, is a cutaneous condition characterized histologically with tissue similar to a spitz nevus and with overall symmetry and a dermal nodule of epithelioid melanocytes that do not mature with progressively deeper dermal extension.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nevoid melanoma</span> Type of skin cancer

A nevoid melanoma is a malignant neoplastic lesion of the skin. It is a type of melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Nevoid melanomas are clinically significant because they are difficult to distinguish from a benign nevus of the skin, which requires no treatment and is common on most individuals. Nevoid morphologies represent up to 3% of all cases of melanoma.

Animal-type melanoma is a rare subtype of melanoma that is characterized by heavily pigmented dermal epithelioid and spindled melanocytes. Animal-type melanoma is also known to be called equine-type melanoma, pigment synthesizing melanoma, and pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM). While melanoma is known as the most aggressive skin cancer, the mortality for PEM is lower than in other melanoma types. Animal-type melanoma earned its name due to the resemblance of melanocytic tumors in grey horses.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1722. ISBN   978-1-4160-2999-1.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Johnstone, Ronald B. (2017). "32. Lentigines and melanomas". Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 545. ISBN   978-0-7020-6830-0.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Austad, Steve S.; Athalye, Leela (2021). "Blue Nevus". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID   31747181.
  4. 1 2 3 "Blue naevus". dermnetnz.org. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  5. Blue+Nevi at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  6. Sreeremya, S. (17 April 2018). "Blue Nevus". International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology. 4 (1): 1–4. doi:10.37628/ijmb.v4i1.255 (inactive 2024-09-12).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (link)
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN   0-7216-2921-0.