The wafer trapdoor spiders, family Cyrtaucheniidae, are a widespread family of spiders that lack the thorn-like spines on tarsi and metatarsi I and II found in true trapdoor spiders (Ctenizidae).
Grammostola is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892. These medium to large sized spiders are native to tropical South America, and are usually brown in color, with pinkish or orangish-red hairs. The very docile Chilean rose tarantulas are popular as a beginner's spider among tarantula enthusiasts.
Aculepeira is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by R. V. Chamberlin & Wilton Ivie in 1942.
Aphantochilus is a genus of ant-mimicking crab spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1871. As of June 2020 it contains three species, found in Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina, and Panama: A. cambridgei, A. inermipes, and A. rogersi. It is a senior synonym of Cryptoceroides.
Diplura is a genus of South American curtain web spiders that was first described by C. L. Koch in 1850. It is found in South America and Cuba belonging to the subfamily Diplurinae. They possess a lyra on their prolateral maxillae. Diplura species can be distinguished from Trechona sp. by the number of setae on this lyra. They differ from Harmonicon sp. by the leg formula and the shape of the lyra bristles.
Linothele is a genus of South American curtain web spiders that was first described by Ferdinand Karsch in 1879.
Cyriocosmus is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903.
Cyclosternum is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871.
Melloleitaoina crassifemur is a species of theraphosine theraphosid spider. It is native to Argentina.
Acanthogonatus is a genus of South American araneomorph spiders in the family Pycnothelidae. It was first described by Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1880. Originally placed with the brushed trapdoor spiders, it was transferred to the funnel-web trapdoor spiders in 1985, then to the Pycnothelidae in 2020.
Eupalaestrus is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1901.
Tmesiphantes is a genus of Brazilian tarantulas in the subfamily Theraphosinae that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892. The genera Magulla and Melloleitaoina were brought into synonymy in 2019.
Amaloxenops is a genus of South American dwarf sheet spiders that was first described by R. D. Schiapelli & B. S. Gerschman de P. in 1958. As of May 2019 it contains only two species, both found in Argentina: A. palmarum and A. vianai.
Calathotarsus is a genus of spiders in the family Migidae. It was first described in 1903 by Eugène Simon. As of 2016, it contains 3 species, occurring in Chile and Argentina.
Homoeomma is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of Calopelma, Butantania, and of Cyclothoracoides.
Polybetes is a genus of South American huntsman spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1897. It is a senior synonym of Leptosparassus and Streptaedoea.
Xenoplectus is a monotypic genus of South American liocranid sac spiders containing the single species, Xenoplectus armatus. It was first described by R. D. Schiapelli & B. S. Gerschman de P. in 1958, and has only been found in Argentina.
Paracleocnemis is a genus of Argentinian running crab spiders that was first described by R. D. Schiapelli & B. S. Gerschman in 1942. As of June 2019 it contains only two species, found only in Argentina: P. apostoli and P. termalis.
Avicularia rufa is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae. Specimens from the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia have regularly been misidentified as Avicularia juruensis. One difference is the vivid yellow rings on the legs of A. rufa compared to the paler rings of A. juruensis.
Umbyquyra is a genus of South American tarantulas first described in 2018.
