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Pseudomonas balearica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonfluorescent, motile, and denitrifying bacterium. It is an environmental bacterium that has been mostly isolated from polluted environments all over the world. Many of the isolates have demonstrated capabilities to degrade several compounds. Some of the strains are naphthalene degraders and one strain isolated in New Zealand has demonstrated the potential to oxidize inorganic sulfur compounds to tetrathionate. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. balearica has been placed in the P. stutzeri group.
The genus Methylophaga consists of halophilic methylotrophic members of the Gammaproteobacteria, all of which were isolated from marine or otherwise low water activity environments, such as the surface of marble or hypersaline lakes. The cells are rod-shaped. and are motile by a single polar flagellum.
Comamonas thiooxydans is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from a sulfur spring. C. thiooxydans has the ability to oxidize thiosulfate.
Limnobacter thiooxidans is a Gram-negative, thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium with a single polar flagellum, from the genus Limnobacter and family Burkholderiaceae, isolated from sediment of the littoral zone from the Chiemsee in Germany.
Lactococcus piscium is a known fish pathogen affecting salmonid fish, which has nevertheless been found in other sources, such as packaged beef. Its type strain is NCFB 2778. L. piscium has shown promise as a bioprotective culture in the preservation of seafood. The bacterium has exhibited the ability to prevent sensory deterioration of food and inhibit the growth of other psychrophilic bacteria that may produce spoilage.
Lactobacillus gallinarum is a species in the genus Lactobacillus. Its type strain is ATCC 33199.
Methanosarcina thermophila is a thermophilic, acetotrophic, methane-producing archaeon.
Roseovarius tolerans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is a budding bacterium with variable bacteriochlorophyll a production. It is Gram-negative, aerobic, contains storage granules and can be motile. The type strain is EL-172T.
Clostridium uliginosum is a mesophilic bacterium oxidizing acetate in syntrophic association with a hydrogenotrophic methanogenic bacterium. It is a spore-forming, gram-positive, rod-shaped organism, with type strain BST. Its genome has been sequenced.
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, formerly known as Thiobacillus thiooxidans until its reclassification into the newly designated genus Acidithiobacillus of the Acidithiobacillia subclass of Proteobacteria, is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that uses sulfur as its primary energy source. It is mesophilic, with a temperature optimum of 28 °C. This bacterium is commonly found in soil, sewer pipes, and cave biofilms called snottites. A. thiooxidans is used in the mining technique known as bioleaching, where metals are extracted from their ores through the action of microbes.
Thermotoga naphthophila is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped fermentative heterotroph, with type strain RKU-10T.
Pectinatus frisingensis is a species of anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria first isolated from spoilt beer.
Chloroflexus aggregans is a thermophilic, filamentous, phototrophic bacterium that forms dense cell aggregates. Its type strain is strain MD-66.
Bosea eneae is a bacterium from the genus of Bosea which was isolated from the water supply from the La Timone Hospital Centre in Marseilles in France.
Bosea lupini is a bacterium from the genus of Bosea. B. lupini is an aerobic and gram-negative bacterium capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth.
Bosea massiliensis is a bacterium from the genus of Bosea which was isolated in Marseille in France.
Bosea vestrisii is a bacterium from the genus of Bosea which was isolated from hospital water.
Salinibacter ruber is an extremely halophilic red bacterium that was found in saltern crystallizer ponds in Alicante and Mallorca, Spain in 2002 by Antón et al. This environment has very high salt concentrations, and Salinibacter ruber itself cannot grow at below 15% salt concentration, with an ideal concentration between 20–30%.
Methylophaga thiooxydans is a methylotrophic bacterium that requires high salt concentrations for growth. It was originally isolated from a culture of the algae Emiliania huxleyi, where it grows by breaking down dimethylsulfoniopropionate from E. hexleyi into dimethylsulfide and acrylate. M. thiooxydans has been implicated as a dominant organism in phytoplankton blooms, where it consumes dimethylsulfide, methanol and methyl bromide released by dying phytoplankton. It was also identified as one of the dominant organisms present in the plume following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and was identified as a major player in the breakdown of methanol in coastal surface water in the English channel.
Microbial oxidation of sulfur is the oxidation of sulfur by microorganisms to produce energy. The oxidation of inorganic compounds is the strategy primarily used by chemolithotrophic microorganisms to obtain energy in order to build their structural components, survive, grow and reproduce. Some inorganic forms of reduced sulfur, mainly sulfide (H2S/HS−) and elemental sulfur (S0), can be oxidized by chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes, usually coupled to the reduction of oxygen (O2) or nitrate (NO3−).
References
- ↑ Das, S. K.; Mishra, A. K.; Tindall, B. J.; Rainey, F. A.; Stackebrandt, E. (1996). "Oxidation of Thiosulfate by a New Bacterium, Bosea thiooxidans. (strain BI-42) gen. nov., sp. nov.: Analysis of Phylogeny Based on Chemotaxonomy and 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequencing". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 46 (4): 981–987. doi: 10.1099/00207713-46-4-981 . ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 8863427.
