Božo Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian Cyrillic :БожоПетровић-Његош;1846−1929) was a Montenegrin vojvoda and politician.
After taking command of the Southern Army in the Montenegrin–Ottoman War of 1876–1878,he represented the Principality of Montenegro at the Congress of Berlin. [2] He served as the head of government of Montenegro from 1879 to 1905. [3]
Božo studied in Paris. He returned to Montenegro following his studies. As cousin of Prince Nikola,Božo served as heir apparent from 1860 to 1871,when Nikola's first son Danilo was born. [2]
Božo was the commander of the Southern Army during the Montenegrin–Ottoman War of 1876–1878. He had great success in the Battles of Medun and Trijebač. [4] However,in his memoirs, vojvoda Ilija Plamenac claims he was the de facto leader of the Southern Army as Božo was too young and inexperienced. [5] After the war,Božo was the Montenegrin representative at the Congress of Berlin. [2] He was a candidate for Prince of Bulgaria in 1879. [6]
After the Congress,Božo served as head of government for more than 25 years. First as President of the Senate,and after that as President of the Council of State from 1879 to 1905. Božo was also the first president of the Montenegrin Great Court,after it was instituted in 1879,and he served there until 1882. [7] He retired from politics with the proclamation of the liberal 1905 Constitution of Montenegro. In 1915,he was made governor of Shkodër and Malësia following their occupation in World War I. [2]
Božo was jailed in December 1918 during the events that led to the creation of Yugoslavia. He was arrested near Nikšić with his two younger brothers,general Đuro Petrovićand former district councilor Marko Petrović. All three were interned in Podgorica. Božo and Marko were released after almost one year,and were later interned in Sarajevo. General Đuro was kept in Podgorica where he suffered from cataract. [8] [2]
He died in 1929 and is buried in the Church of St. Sava graveyard in Erakovići,near Cetinje. [9]
Petar II Petrović-Njegoš,commonly referred to simply as Njegoš (Његош),was a Prince-Bishop (vladika) of Montenegro,poet and philosopher whose works are widely considered some of the most important in Montenegrin and Serbian literature.
Cetinje is a town in Montenegro. It is the former royal capital of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions,including the official residence of the president of Montenegro. According to the 2023 census,the town had a population of 12,460 while the Cetinje Municipality had 14,465 residents. Cetinje is the centre of Cetinje Municipality. The city rests on a small karst plain surrounded by limestone mountains,including Mount Lovćen,the legendary mountain in Montenegrin historiography. Cetinje was founded in the 15th century and became a cradle of the culture of Montenegro. Its status as the honorary capital of Montenegro is due to its heritage as a long-serving former capital of Montenegro.
Petar I Petrović-Njegoš was the ruler of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro as the Metropolitan (vladika) of Cetinje,and Exarch (legate) of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro. He was the most popular spiritual and military leader from the Petrovićdynasty. During his long rule,Petar strengthened the state by uniting the often quarreling tribes,consolidating his control over Montenegrin lands,introducing the first laws in Montenegro. His rule prepared Montenegro for the subsequent introduction of modern institutions of the state:taxes,schools and larger commercial enterprises. He was canonized by the Serbian Orthodox Church as Saint Peter of Cetinje.
Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš was the ruling Prince of Montenegro from 1851 to 1860. The beginning of his reign marked the transition of Montenegro from a traditional theocratic form of government (Prince-Bishopric) into a secular Principality.
Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918,reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918. His grandsons were kings Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Umberto II of Italy among others.
The Christmas Uprising,also known as the Christmas Rebellion,was a failed uprising in Montenegro led by the Greens in early January 1919. The military leader of the uprising was Krsto Popovićand its political leader was Jovan Plamenac.
The House of Petrović-Njegoš is the Serbian noble family that ruled Montenegro from 1697 to 1918.
Mirko Petrović-Njegoš was a Montenegrin military commander,politician and poet,belonging to the House of Petrović-Njegoš. He was given the title of veliki vojvoda of Grahovo,and is thus also known as Vojvoda Mirko. He was the father of Nikola,the future ruler of Montenegro.
Marko Miljanov Popović was a Brda chieftain and Montenegrin general and writer.
The Greens were a group of loyalists of King Nikola of Montenegro. They originated from the members of the True People's Party and were most notable for instigating the Christmas Uprising of 1919. The rebellion was staged in an attempt to prevent the dethroning of the Petrović-Njegošdynasty and the subsequent integration of Montenegro into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Greens were supporters of the House of Petrović-Njegoš,which once the house was dethroned after World War I,led the Greens to fight for the establishment of Montenegro as a province within the Yugoslav kingdom. Following their defeat in the Christmas Rebellion,the Greens continued on with their guerrilla warfare until 1929. The motto of the movement was "For the Right,Honour and Freedom of Montenegro".
Jovan Simonov Plamenac was a Montenegrin and Yugoslav politician.
Mašo Vrbica was a Montenegrin vojvoda and military commander.
The Montenegrin nobility (1852–1918) are notable people of the Principality of Montenegro and the Kingdom of Montenegro who hold titles such as Veliki Vojvoda,Knez (Prince),Vojvoda (Duke),Serdar (Count),and Guvernadur (Governor). The titles are hereditary or personal. Focusing on the Montenegrin nobility of the late 19th century surrounding the then recent secularization of the Principality under Danilo II and his court,excluding the older traditional clan nobility.
Ilija Plamenac was a Montenegrin vojvoda and military commander during the Montenegrin–Ottoman Wars of 1862 and 1876–1878. After his victory in the key Battle of Fundina in 1876,he served as Minister of Defence under King Nikola for more than 25 years.
Tripko Džaković was Montenegrin Serb voivode who fought in many battles against Ottoman Turks.
Đorđije Savov Petrović-Njegoš was a Montenegrin vojvoda,politician and president of the Governing senate of Montenegro and the Highlands during the reign of his cousin prince Danilo II.
Grahovo is a field and historical region in western Montenegro. The region's area roughly comprises 219 km2,west of Rudine,in the centre between Petrovići and Cuce,from the top of Orjen mountain to the west of the Ostrog Monastery.
The Battle of Muriq was a battle between Albanian Malësors from Muriqi,Skadarska Krajina,and Montenegrin forces led by Danilo I Petrović-Njegošin 1861-1862. Montenegrin general Mirko Petrović's forces had planned an attack on the Muriqi region with captains Joko Kusovac,Đoko Pejovićand Ilija Plamenac to expand the Principality of Montenegro. The Montenegrins from Selca and Krricëwere waiting to attack the northern part of Muriqi which was inhabited by Albanians. Captain Iljia Plamenac had 200 soldiers ready. On the other side,Savo Vujovićplanned an attack south of Muriqi with 400 men from Dupillo,Bercela and Salca. The Montenegrin priest Milo Vojvodićordered his forces to block all roads from Bar so that reinforcements could not reach the Albanians in Muriqi. The Albanians were victorious in the battle of Muriq 1861