Brazil | Indonesia |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
Indonesian Embassy, Brasília | Brazilian Embassy, Jakarta |
Brazil and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1953. Both are large tropical countries endowed with rich natural resources, Brazil and Indonesia possess the largest tropical rain forest of the world [1] that contains the world's richest biodiversity, which gave them a vital role in global environment issues, such as ensuring tropical forests protection. [2] Both countries lead the list of Megadiverse countries with Indonesia second only to Brazil. [3]
Brazil expects to expand its cooperation with Indonesia, as there is still enormous room for growth in many areas, including agriculture and high-technology industry. [4] Both countries are members of World Trade Organization (WTO), Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and the G20 major economies. By first quarter of 21st-century, both nations are expected to emerge as rising global powers. [5]
Diplomatic relations have been established since 1953. [6] Indonesia has an embassy in Brasília and Brazil has an embassy in Jakarta. Although the bilateral relations was rather strained during Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975 until East Timor independence in 1999, since Brazil shares a solidarity and close sentiments for East Timor as common former Portuguese colonies and Portuguese-speaking countries.
Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva visited Indonesia on 12 July 2008. This was his first visit to Indonesia and the second visit of Brazilian President to Indonesia since President Fernando Henrique Cardoso visits in January 2001. Subsequently, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono paid a visit to Brazil on 18 November 2008, on his way to attend APEC Summit in Lima Peru. President Yudhoyono visited Brazil for the second time on 18 November 2009, during this visit the president of both nations signed strategic partnership agreement between Brazil and Indonesia. Previously on 14–16 October 2009 the first meeting of Brazil-Indonesia Joint Commission was conducted to discuss the action plan on strategic partnership. [6]
Currently Brazil is Indonesia's main trade partner in South America region. Bilateral trade rose by 185.09 percent to $3.25 billion in 2010 from $1.14 billion in 2006, [4] and expected to reach beyond $4 billion by 2012. Indonesia mainly exports yarn, natural rubber, crude palm oil, fixed vegetable fats and oil, cocoa, paper, electronics and automotive spare parts and imports soybean oil, sugar cane, cotton and iron from Brazil. Brazil was interested not only in increasing exports and investing in Indonesia, but also to increase imports, such as fertilizers, textiles and palm oil and further Indonesian investment, including in infrastructure projects.
On 17 January 2015, Brazil recalled their ambassador after Indonesia ignored their pleas for clemency and executed Brazilian citizen Marco Archer Cardoso Moreira. [7] The Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff affirmed that the execution will affect the relations between the two countries as the Brazilian ambassador was recalled to Brasília. [8] The condemned Brazilian was of the Catholic religion, and was refused access to a priest for his last rites. [9]
On 21 February 2015, Indonesia recalled its putative ambassador to Brazil, after Brazil postponed a ceremony sealing his appointment. [10] This diplomatic row was the result of Indonesian execution of a Brazilian citizen for drugs trafficking in January 2015. President Dilma Rousseff said: "We think it's important there is an evolution in the situation so that we can have clarity over the state of relations between Indonesia and Brazil". Indonesian Foreign Ministry responded: "The manner in which the foreign minister of Brazil suddenly informed us of the postponement — when the ambassador designate was already at the palace, is unacceptable to Indonesia." In a by-line, Indonesian Foreign Ministry also stressed that no foreign country could interfere with Indonesian laws. [11] This action has led Indonesian House of Representative's call to evaluate Indonesia's cooperation with Brazil, including to review defense equipments purchase from Brazil's Embraer, and to review Brazilian exporters proposal to supply meat to Indonesia. [12]
In 2005, Indonesian government executed a Brazilian citizen who was a schizophrenic. [13] Neither countries' ambassadors have returned to date.
Brazil–Russia relations have seen significant improvement in recent years, characterized by increased commercial trades and cooperation in military and technology segments. The two countries maintain important partnerships in areas such as space, military technologies, and telecommunications.
Brazil–South Africa relations are the bilateral relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of South Africa. Both nations are members of the BRICS, Cairns Group, G20, Group of 24, Group of 77 and the United Nations.
The nations of Brazil and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1825. Together, Brazil and Mexico account as the most populous nations in Latin America and both nations have the largest global emerging economies and are considered to be regional powers. Both countries are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, G-20 major economies, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
Brazil–Finland relations are the diplomatic relations between Brazil and Finland.
Argentina and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1956. Since then, bilateral relations between both countries have become increasingly more strategic. According to Argentine Ambassador to Indonesian Javier A. Sanz de Urquiza, Indonesia has been a "true friend of Argentina" over the Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute. Argentina has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Buenos Aires. Both countries say they share the same values regarding the international order, and the same aspiration to defend the developing nations' interest in international forum. Both countries are members of Group of 77, the G-20 major economies, the G20 developing nations, and Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation.
Current and historical relations exist between the Commonwealth of Australia and the Federative Republic of Brazil. Both nations are members of the Cairns Group, G20 and the United Nations. Australia and Brazil are the largest countries in the Southern Hemisphere.
Brazil–Iran relations are the bilateral relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Relations are characterized by economic and diplomatic cooperation and are quite friendly. Iran has a productive trade balance with Brazil. The two governments signed a document to bolster cooperation during the G-15 Summit in Tehran in 2010. However, since the election of former Brazilian president, Dilma Rousseff, relations between the two countries recently have deteriorated greatly, following Rousseff shifting Brazil away from Iran due to Iran's violation of human and civil rights. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's media adviser, Ali Akbar Javanfekr, was quoted as stating that Rousseff had "destroyed years of good relations" between them. He denied making such a statement.
Brazil–Palestine relations are the current and historical bilateral relations between Brazil and Palestine. On 5 December 2010, Brazil officially recognized the State of Palestine including all of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. In 2015, the Embassy of the State of Palestine to Brazil was opened in Brazil's capital, Brasília, and the Brazilian government received an area in Ramallah for installing its diplomatic mission to Palestine.
France and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1951. The indirect relationship between France and Indonesia commenced during the early 19th century colonial Dutch East Indies. Since 2011 France and Indonesia have formed a strategic partnership.
Indonesia and South Korea established diplomatic relations in 1973. Both countries share a common vision, values and the will to contribute to the international community as middle powers. Both countries are members of G-20 and APEC. South Korea has an embassy in Jakarta and Indonesia has an embassy in Seoul. According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 48% of Indonesians view South Korea's influence positively, with 27% expressing a negative view. The Chinese Indonesian merchant Chen Yanxiang visited Korea between the 1390s and the 1410s, the first major contact between the two nations.
Austria and Indonesia established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1954. Austria recognizes Indonesia as a stable and reliable partner, and both countries enjoy excellent relations. The two nations have agreed to expand relations in business, trade and investment, tourism, culture, environment and green technology. Austria has an embassy in Jakarta and honorary consulates in Yogyakarta, Bandung and Surabaya, while Indonesia has an embassy in Vienna that is also accredited to Slovenia.
Indonesia and Sweden established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1950. In recent years both nations demonstrate growing keenness to improve bilateral relations, as each head of government exchanged visits. Indonesia has an embassy in Stockholm that also accredited to Latvia, while Sweden has an embassy in Jakarta that also accredited to East Timor.
Bosnia and Herzegovina–Indonesia relations refers to the bilateral relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Indonesia. Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Sarajevo. The bilateral relations was initially motivated by humanity and religious solidarity. As a nation with the largest Muslim population, Indonesians were shocked by the ethnic cleansing against Muslim Bosniaks during the Bosnian War, and promptly organized and mobilized help. Indonesian support for Bosnia and Herzegovina ranged from collecting donations, sending peacekeeping forces under United Nations, to building the Istiqlal Mosque in Sarajevo.
Ecuador–Indonesia relations refer to bilateral relations between Ecuador and Indonesia. Relations were established on 29 April 1980; however, it was not until November 2004 that Ecuador established its embassy in Jakarta, and reciprocating 6 years later on November 11, 2010, that Indonesia finally opened its embassy in Quito. Both countries are the members of Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and Non-Aligned Movement.
Indonesia and Norway established diplomatic relations in 1950. Since then, Indonesia and Norway has been cooperating in areas, such as climate and energy, democracy and human rights, international political issues and trade. Both nations has agreed to establish a strategic partnership against poverty and climate change, and also in promoting democracy and tolerance. Indonesia has an embassy in Oslo, while Norway has an embassy in Jakarta.
Brazil–Kenya relations are bilateral relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of Kenya. Both nations are members of the Group of 77 and the United Nations.
Brazil–Germany relations are the current and historical relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Federal Republic of Germany. Both nations enjoy friendly relations, the importance of which centers on the history of German migration to Brazil. There are approximately 7 to 12 million Brazilians of German descent. Both nations are members of the G20 and the United Nations.
Brazil–Haiti relations are the current and historical relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of Haiti. Both nations are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations.
Brazil–Ethiopia relations are the current and historical relations between Brazil and Ethiopia. Both nations are members of the Group of 77, BRICS and the United Nations.
Brazil–Peru relations are the bilateral relations between Brazil and Peru. Both countries were members of the Portuguese and Spanish empires, respectively, and are members of the Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States and United Nations.