Formation | 1996 1997 (1 Summit) |
---|---|
Legal status | Intergovernmental organization |
Headquarters | Istanbul, Turkey |
Membership | |
Secretary-General | Ambassador Isiaka Abdulqadir Imam |
President | Sheikh Hasina |
Website | www |
The D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation, also known as Developing-8, is an organisation for development co-operation among Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. [2]
The combined population of the eight countries is about 1.2 billion or 60% of all Muslims, or close to 13% of the world's population and covering an area of 7.6 million square kilometers, 5% of world land area. [3] In 2006, trade between the D-8 member states stood at $35 billion, and it was around $68 billion in 2010. [4] Transactions between the eight developing countries accounted for 3.3 percent of world trade in 2010. [4] The total nominal GDP of the eight nations was around 4.92 trillion as of 2023.
The main areas of co-operation include finance, banking, rural development, science and technology, humanitarian development, agriculture, energy, environment, and health. [3]
In the first Summit Declaration (Istanbul, 1997), the main objective of D-8 is stated to be socio-economic development in accordance with the following principles:
The fifth D-8 Summit Declaration (Bali, 2006) produced the following, as illustration of the application of the group's objectives:
The Summit, which is convened every two years, has the highest level of authority, and is composed of the leaders of each member state. [6]
The Council is the principal decision-making body and forum for consideration of issues relating to the and is composed of the foreign affairs ministers of each member state.
The Commission has executive authority, and is composed of Commissioners appointed by each member state's government. Commissioners are responsible for promoting compliance with directives in their respective nation. Finally, an executive director is appointed by D-8 members to facilitate communication and to act in a supervisory capacity during each summit or lower-level assembly.
Date | Host country | Host leader | Location held | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | June 1997 | Turkey | Necmettin Erbakan | Istanbul |
2 | March 1999 | Bangladesh | Sheikh Hasina | Dhaka |
3 | February 2001 | Egypt | Hosni Mubarak | Cairo |
4 | February 2004 | Iran | Mohammad Khatami | Tehran |
5 | May 2006 | Indonesia | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | Bali |
6 | July 2008 | Malaysia | Abdullah Ahmad Badawi | Kuala Lumpur |
7 | July 2010 | Nigeria | Muhammadu Buhari | Abuja |
8 | November 2012 | Pakistan | Asif Ali Zardari | Islamabad |
9 | October 2017 | Turkey | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Istanbul |
10 | April 2021 | Bangladesh | Sheikh Hasina | Virtual |
Country | Population (1 July 2023) [7] | Nominal GDP (USD million) [8] | Nominal GDP per capita ($) [8] | PPP GDP (Int$ million) [8] | PPP GDP per capita (Int$) [8] | Life expectancy (years, avg. 2021) | HDI (2021) [9] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangladesh | 172,954,319 | 509,516 | 2,969 | 1,578,164 | 9,063 | 74.3 | 0.661 (medium) |
Egypt | 112,716,599 | 378,110 | 3,644 | 1,803,584 | 16,979 | 71.8 | 0.731 (high) |
Indonesia | 277,534,123 | 1,391,778 | 5,016 | 4,398,729 | 15,855 | 71.3 | 0.705 (high) |
Iran | 89,172,767 | 367,970 | 4,251 | 1,691,819 | 19,548 | 77.3 | 0.774 (high) |
Malaysia | 34,308,525 | 447,026 | 13,382 | 1,230,823 | 36,847 | 74.7 | 0.803 (very high) |
Nigeria | 223,804,632 | 506,601 | 2,280 | 1,372,624 | 6,178 | 62.6 | 0.535 (low) |
Pakistan | 240,485,658 | 376,493 (2022) | 1,658 (2022) | 1,582,988 | 6,836 | 68 | 0.544 (medium) |
Turkey | 85,816,199 | 1,029,303 | 11,931 | 3,572,551 | 41,412 | 78.6 | 0.838 (very high) |
Combined/Average | 1,236,792,822 | 4,917,797 | 3,976 | 17,128,282 | 13,849 | 72.0 | N/A |
No. | Name | Country of origin | Took office | Left office |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ayhan Kamel | Turkey | 1997 | 2006 |
2 | Dipo Alam | Indonesia | 2006 | 2010 |
3 | Widi Agoes Pratikto | Indonesia | 2010 | 2012 |
4 | Seyed Ali Mohammad Mousavi | Iran | 2013 | 2017 |
5 | Ambassador Dato' Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari | Malaysia | 2018 | 2021 |
6 | Ambassador Isiaka Abdulqadir Imam | Nigeria | 2022 | present |
The economy of Bhutan is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 60% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult. Bhutan is among the richest by gross domestic product (nominal) per capita in South Asia, at $3,491 as of 2022, but it still places 153rd, and among the poorest in the world. The total gross domestic product is only $2,653 million, and 178th according to IMF.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security. Its Latin motto, fiat panis, translates to "let there be bread". It was founded on 16 October 1945.
The economy of Slovenia is a developed mixed economy. The country enjoys a high level of prosperity and stability as well as above-average GDP per capita by purchasing power parity at 92% of the EU average in 2022. The nominal GDP in 2023 is 68.108 billion USD, nominal GDP per capita (GDP/pc) in 2023 is USD 32,350. The highest GDP/pc is in central Slovenia, where the capital city Ljubljana is located. It is part of the Western Slovenia statistical region, which has a higher GDP/pc than eastern Slovenia.
The Economy of Switzerland is one of the world's most advanced and a highly-developed free market economy. The economy of Switzerland has ranked first in the world since 2015 on the Global Innovation Index and third in the 2020 Global Competitiveness Report. According to United Nations data for 2016, Switzerland is the third richest landlocked country in the world after Liechtenstein and Luxembourg. Together with the latter and Norway, they are the only three countries in the world with a GDP per capita (nominal) above US$90,000 that are neither island nations nor ministates. Among OECD nations, Switzerland has a highly efficient and strong social security system; social expenditure stood at roughly 24.1% of GDP.
Iran is a mixed economy with a large public sector. Some 60% of Iran's economy is centrally planned.. Iran's economy is characterized by its hydrocarbon, agricultural, and service sectors, in addition to manufacturing and financial services, with over 40 industries directly involved in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The stock exchange has been one of the best performing exchanges in the world over the past decade. With 10% of the world's proven oil reserves and 15% of its gas reserves, Iran is considered an "energy superpower".
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is an inter-governmental forum for 21 member economies in the Pacific Rim that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Following the success of ASEAN's series of post-ministerial conferences launched in the mid-1980s, APEC started in 1989, in response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of regional trade blocs in other parts of the world; it aimed to establish new markets for agricultural products and raw materials beyond Europe. Headquartered in Singapore, APEC is recognized as one of the highest-level multilateral blocs and oldest forums in the Asia-Pacific region, and exerts significant global influence.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia. Its member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. SAARC comprises 3% of the world's land area, 21% of the world's population and 5.21% of the global economy, as of 2021.
The Economic Cooperation Organization or ECO is a Eurasian political and economic intergovernmental organization that was founded in 1985 in Tehran by the leaders of Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey. It provides a platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade and investment opportunities. The ECO is an ad hoc organisation under the United Nations Charter. The objective is to establish a single market for goods and services, much like the European Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the ECO expanded to include Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan in 1992.
The economy of Asia comprises about 4.7 billion people living in 50 different nations. Asia is the fastest growing economic region, as well as the largest continental economy by both GDP Nominal and PPP in the world. Moreover, Asia is the site of some of the world's longest modern economic booms.
The Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) is a regional international organization focusing on multilateral political and economic initiatives aimed at fostering cooperation, peace, stability and prosperity in the Black Sea region. It traces its origin to 25 June 1992, when Turkish President Turgut Özal and leaders of ten other countries gathered in Istanbul and signed the Summit Declaration and the "Bosphorus Statement". BSEC Headquarters – the Permanent International Secretariat of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation – was established in March 1994, also in Istanbul.
The G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the African Union (AU). It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation and sustainable development.
The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organisation of seven South Asian and Southeast Asian nations, housing 1.73 billion people and having a combined gross domestic product of US$5.2 trillion (2023). The BIMSTEC member states – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand – are among the countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal.
The Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is an official forum between the People's Republic of China and all states in Africa with the exception of the Kingdom of Eswatini. It is the primary multi-lateral coordination mechanism between African countries and China and since 2018 is viewed by those countries as a cooperation platform within the Belt and Road Initiative.
The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of South Africa have grown strong since the end of apartheid in South Africa in 1994. Both countries have since developed close strategic, cultural and economic ties. Both are former British colonies and full member states of the Commonwealth of Nations as republics.
The Black Sea Trade and Development Bank (BSTDB) is an international development finance institution serving the eleven member founding countries of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, a regional economic organization. It supports economic development and regional cooperation by providing loans, guarantees, and equity for development projects and trade transactions. BSTDB supports both public and private enterprises in member countries and does not attach political conditionality to its financing.
The Eurasian Economic Union is an economic union of five post-Soviet states located in Eurasia. The EAEU has an integrated single market. As of 2023, it consists of 183 million people and a gross domestic product of over $2.4 trillion.
BRICS is an intergovernmental organization comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates. Originally identified to highlight investment opportunities, the grouping evolved into an actual geopolitical bloc, with their governments meeting annually at formal summits and coordinating multilateral policies since 2009. Bilateral relations among BRICS are conducted mainly on the basis of non-interference, equality, and mutual benefit.
The relationship between Azerbaijan and Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation dates back to 1992 when Azerbaijan signed Istanbul Summit Declaration and the Bosphorus Statement.
The D-8 Technology Transfer and Exchange Network is an affiliated body of the D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation, which is consisted of national coordination organizations (NaCO) from Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. The network aims to facilitate the transfer of technology among member countries, and to fulfil technology market functions. It also pursues missions such as capacity building and information dissemination on technological capabilities, achievements, and needs of the D-8 member countries. The D-8 TTEN organizes technology transactions and creates coordination and synergism among member countries. To boost the technology-business atmosphere, various instruments are enacted, including a databank of requests and offers, support to participate in exhibitions, workshops, business meetings, creating investment and technology transfer and hi-tech products exchange opportunities, etc.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link){{cite book}}
: |website=
ignored (help){{cite web}}
: Missing or empty |title=
(help){{cite web}}
: Missing or empty |title=
(help){{cite web}}
: Missing or empty |title=
(help)