Breakthrough of the Year

The Breakthrough of the Year is an annual award for the most significant development in scientific research made by the AAAS journal Science, an academic journal covering all branches of science. ^[1]

Originating in 1989 as the Molecule of the Year, ^[2] and inspired by Time 's Person of the Year, it was renamed the Breakthrough of the Year in 1996.

Molecule of the Year

• 1989 PCR and DNA polymerase ^[3]
• 1990 the manufacture of synthetic diamonds ^[4]
• 1991 buckminsterfullerene ^[5]
• 1992 nitric oxide ^[6]
• 1993 p53 ^[7]
• 1994 DNA repair enzyme ^[8]

Breakthrough of the Year

• 1996: Understanding HIV ^[9]
• 1997: Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells ^[10]
• 1998: Accelerating universe ^[11]
• 1999: Prospective stem-cell therapies ^[12]
• 2000: Full genome sequencing ^[13]
• 2001: Nanocircuits or Molecular circuit ^[14]
• 2002: RNA interference ^[15]
• 2003: Dark energy ^[16]
• 2004: Spirit rover landed on Mars ^[17]
• 2005: Evolution in action ^[18]
• 2006: Proof of the Poincaré conjecture ^[19]
• 2007: Human genetic variation ^[20]
• 2008: Cellular reprogramming ^[21]
• 2009: Ardipithecus ramidus ^[22]
• 2010: The first quantum machine ^[23]
• 2011: HIV treatment as prevention (HPTN 052) ^[24]
• 2012: Discovery of the Higgs boson ^[25]
• 2013: Cancer immunotherapy ^[26]
• 2014: Rosetta comet mission ^[27]
• 2015: CRISPR genome-editing method ^[28]
• 2016: First observation of gravitational waves ^{[29] [30] [31]}
• 2017: Neutron star merger (GW170817) ^{[32] [33] [34]}
• 2018: Single-cell sequencing ^[35]
• 2019: A black hole made visible ^{[36] [37]}
• 2020: COVID-19 vaccine, developed and tested at record speed ^[38]
• 2021: An AI brings protein structures to all ^[39]
• 2022: James Webb Space Telescope debut ^[40]
• 2023: GLP-1 Drugs ^[41]
• 2024: Lenacapavir ^[42]

See also

• Physics World , also has a Breakthrough of the Year award

References

1. "Journal metrics". Google Scholar. Retrieved 9 Jul 2020.
2. "'Science' Names Molecule of the Year". The Chronicle of Higher Education. January 10, 1990.
3. R. L. Guyer & D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1989). "The Molecule of the Year". Science . 246 (4937): 1543–1546. doi:10.1126/science.2688087. PMID   2688087.
4. D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1990). "The Molecule of the Year". Science . 250 (4988): 1637. Bibcode:1990Sci...250.1637K. doi:10.1126/science.250.4988.1637. PMID   17734689.
5. D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1991). "Molecule of the Year". Science . 254 (5039): 1705. Bibcode:1991Sci...254.1705K. doi:10.1126/science.254.5039.1705. PMID   17829221.
6. D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1992). "The Molecule of the Year". Science . 258 (5090): 1861. Bibcode:1992Sci...258.1861K. doi:10.1126/science.1470903. PMID   1470903.
7. D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1993). "Molecule of the Year". Science . 262 (5142): 1953. Bibcode:1993Sci...262.1953K. doi:10.1126/science.8266084. PMID   8266084.
8. D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1994). "Molecule of the Year: the DNA repair enzyme". Science . 266 (5193): 1925. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1925K. doi:10.1126/science.7801114. PMID   7801114.
9. Michael Balter (1996). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. New Hope in HIV Disease". Science . 274 (5295): 1988–1991. Bibcode:1996Sci...274.1988.. doi:10.1126/science.274.5295.1988. PMID   8984652.
10. Elizabeth Pennisi (1997). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Cloning: The Lamb That Roared". Science . 278 (5346): 2038–2039. Bibcode:1997Sci...278.2038P. doi:10.1126/science.278.5346.2038. PMID   9432711. S2CID   83255402.
11. James Glanz (1998). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. ASTRONOMY: Cosmic Motion Revealed". Science . 282 (5397): 2156–2157. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.2156G. doi:10.1126/science.282.5397.2156a. S2CID   117807831.
12. Gretchen Vogel (1999). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Capturing the Promise of Youth". Science . 286 (5448): 2238–2239. doi:10.1126/science.286.5448.2238. PMID   10636772. S2CID   154178515.
13. Elizabeth Pennisi (2000). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Genomics Comes of Age". Science . 290 (5500): 2220–2221. doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2220. PMID   11188701. S2CID   82676530.
14. Robert F. Service (2001). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Molecules Get Wired". Science . 294 (5551): 2442–2443. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2442. PMID   11752536. S2CID   26182334.
15. Jennifer Couzin (2002). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Small RNAs Make Big Splash". Science . 298 (5602): 2296–2297. doi:10.1126/science.298.5602.2296. PMID   12493875. S2CID   193861470.
16. Charles Seife (2003). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Illuminating the Dark Universe". Science . 302 (5653): 2038–2039. doi: 10.1126/science.302.5653.2038 . PMID   14684787. S2CID   120116611.
17. Richard A. Kerr (2004). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. On Mars, a Second Chance for Life". Science . 306 (5704): 2010–2012. doi: 10.1126/science.306.5704.2010 . PMID   15604365. S2CID   140193176.
18. Elizabeth Culotta, Elizabeth Pennisi (2005). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Evolution in Action". Science . 310 (5756): 1878–1879. doi: 10.1126/science.310.5756.1878 . PMID   16373538.
19. Dana Mackenzie (2006). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The Poincaré Conjecture—Proved". Science . 314 (5807): 1848–1849. doi: 10.1126/science.314.5807.1848 . PMID   17185565.
20. Elizabeth Pennisi (2007). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Human Genetic Variation". Science . 318 (5858): 1842–1843. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1842. PMID   18096770.
21. Gretchen Vogel (2008). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Reprogramming Cells". Science . 322 (5909): 1766–1767. doi:10.1126/science.322.5909.1766. PMID   19095902.
22. Ann Gibbons (2009). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Ardipithecus ramidus". Science . 326 (5960): 1598–1599. Bibcode:2009Sci...326.1598G. doi:10.1126/science.326.5960.1598-a. PMID   20019252.
23. Adrian Cho (2010). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The First Quantum Machine". Science . 330 (6011): 1604. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1604C. doi:10.1126/science.330.6011.1604. PMID   21163978.
24. Jon Cohen (2011). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. HIV Treatment as Prevention". Science . 334 (6063): 1628. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1628C. doi:10.1126/science.334.6063.1628. PMID   22194547.
25. "Breakthrough of the Year, 2012". Science.
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29. Cho, Adrian (2016). "The cosmos aquiver". Science. 354 (6319): 1516–1517. Bibcode:2016Sci...354.1516C. doi:10.1126/science.354.6319.1516. PMID   28008020.
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40. "2022 BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 24 December 2022.
41. Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer. "2023 BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
42. "Science's 2024 Breakthrough of the Year: Opening the door to a new era of HIV prevention". www.science.org. Retrieved 2024-12-13.