Breguet 1100

Breguet 1100
Role	Single-seat light tactical fighter and ground-attack aircraft
National origin	France
Manufacturer	Breguet Aviation
First flight	31 March 1957
Number built	1

Last updated May 12, 2019

The Breguet 1100 was a twin-engine French light fighter also suitable for ground-attack and built for the French armed forces. First flown in 1957, only one was completed as budget cuts led to cancellation of the programme.

France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland and Italy to the east, and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres (248,573 sq mi) and a total population of 67.3 million. France, a sovereign state, is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lille and Nice.

A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat against other aircraft, as opposed to bombers and attack aircraft, whose main mission is to attack ground targets. The hallmarks of a fighter are its speed, maneuverability, and small size relative to other combat aircraft.

Design and development

The single-engine Breguet 1001 Taon was designed and built for a NATO fast ground-attack fighter competition. The Breguet 1100 was a development designed instead to a French Ministère de l'Air (English: Air Ministry) specification, which called for two engines and a pressurised cockpit in an aircraft performing a similar role.^[1] The 1100 flew before the Taon, as the latter was delayed to incorporate the new area rule late in its construction.^[2]

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. NATO constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's Headquarters are located in Haren, Brussels, Belgium, while the headquarters of Allied Command Operations is near Mons, Belgium.

A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft or spacecraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft.

The Whitcomb area rule, also called the transonic area rule, is a design technique used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds, particularly between Mach 0.75 and 1.2.

The Breguet 1100 was built entirely from bonded alloy and included many honeycomb structures.^[1] Its swept wing was about 15% greater in span and 35% greater in area than that of the Taon, though it was intended that production Taons would share the 1100's wing.^[2] The 1100 had broad chord, short-span ailerons and narrow, long-span flaps with spoilers in front of them.^[1] The two types had similar side air intakes but the 1100's twin mid-fuselage engines and jet pipes meant that the fuselage was broader and lacked any area rule waisting, as well as being rather longer. They also shared similar swept, straight-edged tail surfaces, cockpits in the nose with narrow fairings running over the length of the upper fuselage and tricycle landing gear.^[2]

An aileron is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. Ailerons are used in pairs to control the aircraft in roll, which normally results in a change in flight path due to the tilting of the lift vector. Movement around this axis is called 'rolling' or 'banking'.

In aeronautics, a spoiler is a device intended to intentionally reduce the lift component of an airfoil in a controlled way. Most often, spoilers are plates on the top surface of a wing that can be extended upward into the airflow to spoil it. By so doing, the spoiler creates a controlled stall over the portion of the wing behind it, greatly reducing the lift of that wing section. Spoilers differ from airbrakes in that airbrakes are designed to increase drag without affecting lift, while spoilers reduce lift as well as increasing drag.

Fuselage aircraft main body which is the primary carrier of crew, passengers, and payload

The fuselage is an aircraft's main body section. It holds crew, passengers, and cargo. In single-engine aircraft it will usually contain an engine, as well, although in some amphibious aircraft the single engine is mounted on a pylon attached to the fuselage, which in turn is used as a floating hull. The fuselage also serves to position control and stabilization surfaces in specific relationships to lifting surfaces, which is required for aircraft stability and maneuverability.

Sixteen different armament packages were available, including four 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Browning machine guns, two 30 mm (1.2 in) DEFA cannon, 35 Matra unguided rockets or a pack of fifteen 68 mm (2.7 in) SNEB 22 rockets.^[1]^[2]

Browning machine guns are a family of machine gun designs by John Browning, a prolific weapon designer.

A cannon is a type of gun classified as artillery that launches a projectile using propellant. In the past, gunpowder was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during the 19th century. Cannon vary in caliber, range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire, and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield. The word cannon is derived from several languages, in which the original definition can usually be translated as tube, cane, or reed. In the modern era, the term cannon has fallen into decline, replaced by guns or artillery if not a more specific term such as mortar or howitzer, except for high calibre automatic weapons firing bigger rounds than machine guns, called autocannons.

Mécanique Aviation Traction or Matra was a French company covering a wide range of activities mainly related to automobiles, bicycles, aeronautics and weaponry. In 1994, it became a subsidiary of the Lagardère Group and now operates under that name.

The 1100 first flew on 31 March 1957, exceeding Mach 1. This first prototype was the only one to fly as the second was abandoned when 80% complete and an ordered third prototype, a navalized version designated 1100M, was not begun.^[2] Before mid-1959 the Breguet 1100 programme had been cancelled due to government spending cuts.^[3]

Variants

Breguet 1100: First two prototypes, second unfinished.
Breguet 1100M: Navalized third prototype: not built.

Specifications (1100)

Data from The Complete Book of Fighters^[2]

General characteristics

Crew: one
Length: 12.52 m (41 ft 1 in)
Wingspan: 7.83 m (25 ft 8 in)
Height: 4.35 m (14 ft 3 in)
Wing area: 19.52 m² (210.1 sq ft)
Empty weight: 3,793 kg (8,362 lb) equipped
Gross weight: 6,545 kg (14,429 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × Turbomeca Gabizo Axial flow turbojet, 11.87 kN (2,668 lbf) thrust each dry, 14.71 kN (3,307 lbf) with afterburner

The Turbomeca Gabizo was a small turbojet engine produced by Turbomeca from the 1950s. The components were designed to take the stresses of high-speed fighter aircraft with some variants featuring afterburner.

Performance

Maximum speed: 1,128 km/h (701 mph; 609 kn) at sea level
Maximum speed: Mach 0.92

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References

1 2 3 4 Bridgman, Leonard (1957). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1957-58. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd. p. 140.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon (1994). The Complete Book of Fighters. Godalming, UK: Salamander Books. p. 89. ISBN 1-85833-777-1.
↑ "The French industry". Flight . Vol. 75 no. 2629. 12 June 1959. p. 795.

External links

Aviafrance Bre.1100 page

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[JAWA57-1] 1 2 3 4 Bridgman, Leonard (1957). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1957-58. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd. p. 140.

[G&S-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon (1994). The Complete Book of Fighters. Godalming, UK: Salamander Books. p. 89. ISBN 1-85833-777-1.

[Flight-3] "The French industry". Flight . Vol. 75 no. 2629. 12 June 1959. p. 795.

v t e Aircraft produced by Breguet Aviation
Early types	Aerhydroplane Gyroplane Type I Type II Type III Type IV (1910) Type V Type A Type G Type U Type LE
Model numbers	4 5 6 12 14 16 17 19 20 22 230 25 26T 27 270 271 273 274 280T 390T 392T 393T 410 460 462 470 482 500 521 522 530 610 670 690 691 693 694 695 696 730 731 790 791 792 890 891 892 893 894 895 900 901 902 Cinzano 904 905 906 940 941 960 1001 1002 1004 1100 1050 1150
By name	Alizé Atlantic Atlantique 2 Bellatrix Bizerte BLC BUC BUM Choucas Colmar Colibri de Chasse Deux-Ponts Épaulard Fauvette Fulgur Integral Jaguar Leviathan Louisette Mars Mercure Michelin Mouette Nautilus Nymphale Provence Sahara Saigon Taon Universale Vultur (carrier attack aircraft) Vulture (medium bomber)
Helicopters	Gyroplane Gyroplane Laboratoire Breguet G.11E Breguet G.111