Breguet 1100

Last updated
Breguet 1100
Breguet 1100 fighter on the ground c1958.jpg
RoleSingle-seat light tactical fighter and ground-attack aircraft
National origin France
Manufacturer Breguet Aviation
First flight31 March 1957
Number built1

The Breguet 1100 was a twin-engine French light fighter also suitable for ground-attack and built for the French armed forces. First flown in 1957, only one was completed as budget cuts led to cancellation of the programme.

France Republic with mainland in Europe and numerous oversea territories

France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland and Italy to the east, and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres (248,573 sq mi) and a total population of 67.3 million. France, a sovereign state, is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lille and Nice.

Fighter aircraft Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat against other aircraft

A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat against other aircraft, as opposed to bombers and attack aircraft, whose main mission is to attack ground targets. The hallmarks of a fighter are its speed, maneuverability, and small size relative to other combat aircraft.

Contents

Design and development

The single-engine Breguet 1001 Taon was designed and built for a NATO fast ground-attack fighter competition. The Breguet 1100 was a development designed instead to a French Ministère de l'Air (English: Air Ministry) specification, which called for two engines and a pressurised cockpit in an aircraft performing a similar role. [1] The 1100 flew before the Taon, as the latter was delayed to incorporate the new area rule late in its construction. [2]

NATO Intergovernmental military alliance of Western states

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. NATO constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's Headquarters are located in Haren, Brussels, Belgium, while the headquarters of Allied Command Operations is near Mons, Belgium.

Cockpit area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft or vehicle

A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft or spacecraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft.

Area rule rule in physics, relating to an aircrafts drag at transonic or supersonic speed

The Whitcomb area rule, also called the transonic area rule, is a design technique used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds, particularly between Mach 0.75 and 1.2.

The Breguet 1100 was built entirely from bonded alloy and included many honeycomb structures. [1] Its swept wing was about 15% greater in span and 35% greater in area than that of the Taon, though it was intended that production Taons would share the 1100's wing. [2] The 1100 had broad chord, short-span ailerons and narrow, long-span flaps with spoilers in front of them. [1] The two types had similar side air intakes but the 1100's twin mid-fuselage engines and jet pipes meant that the fuselage was broader and lacked any area rule waisting, as well as being rather longer. They also shared similar swept, straight-edged tail surfaces, cockpits in the nose with narrow fairings running over the length of the upper fuselage and tricycle landing gear. [2]

Aileron Aircraft control surface used to induce roll

An aileron is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. Ailerons are used in pairs to control the aircraft in roll, which normally results in a change in flight path due to the tilting of the lift vector. Movement around this axis is called 'rolling' or 'banking'.

Spoiler (aeronautics) device for reducing aerodynamic lift

In aeronautics, a spoiler is a device intended to intentionally reduce the lift component of an airfoil in a controlled way. Most often, spoilers are plates on the top surface of a wing that can be extended upward into the airflow to spoil it. By so doing, the spoiler creates a controlled stall over the portion of the wing behind it, greatly reducing the lift of that wing section. Spoilers differ from airbrakes in that airbrakes are designed to increase drag without affecting lift, while spoilers reduce lift as well as increasing drag.

Fuselage aircraft main body which is the primary carrier of crew, passengers, and payload

The fuselage is an aircraft's main body section. It holds crew, passengers, and cargo. In single-engine aircraft it will usually contain an engine, as well, although in some amphibious aircraft the single engine is mounted on a pylon attached to the fuselage, which in turn is used as a floating hull. The fuselage also serves to position control and stabilization surfaces in specific relationships to lifting surfaces, which is required for aircraft stability and maneuverability.

Sixteen different armament packages were available, including four 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Browning machine guns, two 30 mm (1.2 in) DEFA cannon, 35 Matra unguided rockets or a pack of fifteen 68 mm (2.7 in) SNEB 22 rockets. [1] [2]

Browning machine guns are a family of machine gun designs by John Browning, a prolific weapon designer.

Cannon Class of artillery which fires at a low or flat trajectory

A cannon is a type of gun classified as artillery that launches a projectile using propellant. In the past, gunpowder was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during the 19th century. Cannon vary in caliber, range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire, and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield. The word cannon is derived from several languages, in which the original definition can usually be translated as tube, cane, or reed. In the modern era, the term cannon has fallen into decline, replaced by guns or artillery if not a more specific term such as mortar or howitzer, except for high calibre automatic weapons firing bigger rounds than machine guns, called autocannons.

Mécanique Aviation Traction or Matra was a French company covering a wide range of activities mainly related to automobiles, bicycles, aeronautics and weaponry. In 1994, it became a subsidiary of the Lagardère Group and now operates under that name.

The 1100 first flew on 31 March 1957, exceeding Mach 1. This first prototype was the only one to fly as the second was abandoned when 80% complete and an ordered third prototype, a navalized version designated 1100M, was not begun. [2] Before mid-1959 the Breguet 1100 programme had been cancelled due to government spending cuts. [3]

Variants

Breguet 1100
First two prototypes, second unfinished.
Breguet 1100M
Navalized third prototype: not built.

Specifications (1100)

Data from The Complete Book of Fighters [2]

General characteristics

Turbomeca Gabizo

The Turbomeca Gabizo was a small turbojet engine produced by Turbomeca from the 1950s. The components were designed to take the stresses of high-speed fighter aircraft with some variants featuring afterburner.

Performance

Related Research Articles

Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket

The Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket is a rocket and jet-powered research supersonic aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company for the United States Navy. On 20 November 1953, shortly before the 50th anniversary of powered flight, Scott Crossfield piloted the Skyrocket to Mach 2, or more than 1,290 mph (2076 km/h), the first time an aircraft had exceeded twice the speed of sound.

DFS 346

The DFS 346 was a German rocket-powered swept-wing aircraft which began development during World War II in Germany. It was designed by Felix Kracht at the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS), the "German Institute for Sailplane Flight". A prototype was constructed but did not reach completion before the end of the war. It was taken to the Soviet Union where it was completed, tested and flown.

The Dassault Étendard VI was a French prototype fighter aircraft initially developed as part of the NATO NBMR-1 competition to find a standard fighter to serve amongst member air forces. Dassault took advantage of the fact that the French Air Force had issued a requirement around the same time for a new fighter-bomber and developed aircraft in parallel as variations of the same design concept for the two prospective customers.

Bell D-188A proposed tiltjet fighter

The Bell D-188A was a proposed eight-engine Mach 2–capable vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) tiltjet fighter that never proceeded past the mock-up stage.

Convair XF-92 military aircraft

The Convair XF-92 was an early American delta wing aircraft. Originally conceived as a point-defence interceptor, the design was later used purely for experimental purposes. However, it led Convair to use the delta-wing on a number of designs, including the F-102 Delta Dagger, F-106 Delta Dart, B-58 Hustler, the US Navy's F2Y Sea Dart as well as the VTOL FY Pogo.

The Breguet Br.960 Vultur was a French prototype carrier-based attack aircraft that first flew on 3 August 1951. Only two examples were built, but the work done on them later proved useful in the development of the Breguet Alizé anti-submarine warfare aircraft.

Dassault Mystère French fighter-bomber

The Dassault MD.452 Mystère is a 1950s French fighter-bomber.

Cessna Citation family Business jet family

The Cessna Citation family is Cessna's business jets line. The 7,000th Citation was delivered on June 27, 2016, forming the largest business jet fleet: the first Citation was put into service in 1972 and more than 35 million flight hours have been logged since.

Messerschmitt P.1101 airplane

The Messerschmitt P.1101 was a single-seat, single-jet fighter project of World War II, developed in response to the 15 July 1944 Emergency Fighter Program which sought a second generation of jet fighters for the Third Reich. A characteristic feature of the P.1101 prototype was that the sweep angle of the wings could be changed before flight, a feature further developed in later variable-sweep aircraft such as the Bell X-5 and Grumman XF10F Jaguar.

The Sukhoi Su-15 was a prototype Soviet all-weather interceptor which never reached production. The name was later reused for an entirely different 1960s interceptor, see Sukhoi Su-15.

Breguet Br.1001 Taon

The Breguet Br.1001 Taon was a 1950s French prototype single-seat jet strike fighter aircraft built by Breguet.

SNCASE Baroudeur

The SNCASE S.E.5000 Baroudeur was a French single-engined lightweight fighter designed by SNCASE (Sud-Est) for the NATO NBMR-1 "Light Weight Strike Fighter" competition. An unusual design without a conventional landing gear, it used a wheeled trolley for take-off and three retractable skids to land. The Baroudeur did not enter production.

Lavochkin La-152

The Lavochkin La-152,, and its variants, was a jet fighter prototype designed and manufactured by the Lavochkin Design Bureau (OKB) shortly after the end of World War II. Derived from the Lavochkin La-150, the 152 used several different engines, but the program was canceled as other fighters with more powerful engines and swept wings showed more promise.

Yakovlev Yak-1000

The Yakovlev Yak-1000 was a Soviet supersonic technology demonstrator intended to evaluate the aerodynamic layout and field performance of the cropped delta wing discussed in captured German documents in combination with the new Lyulka AL-5 turbojet. The tandem undercarriage proved to be unsatisfactory and there were serious flight stability problems related to the delta wing, enough so that it never flew after an accident during taxiing tests.

Dassault Mirage F2 1960s French prototype two-seat attack fighter

The Dassault Mirage F2 was a French prototype two-seat attack fighter which was designed to serve as a test bed for the SNECMA TF306 turbofan engine and influenced the similar variable-geometry Dassault Mirage G.

The SNCASO SO.4000 was an experimental French twin-engine jet-bomber aircraft of the 1950s. Only a single example was built, which only made a single test flight before development was abandoned.

Mikoyan-Gurevich I-320

The Mikoyan-Gurevich I-320 was a prototype Soviet long-range all-weather interceptor aircraft of the late 1940s-early 1950s. Only two were made, with no production following.

SNCAC NC-600

The SNCAC NC-600 was a prototype French twin-engined long-range fighter aircraft, developed by SNCAC from the earlier Hanriot H.220 fighter. The type never entered service, with development being ended by the French surrender in June 1940.

Sud-Ouest Espadon

The Sud-Ouest SO.6020 Espadon was a post-war prototype French interceptor designed and built by SNCASO. Only four aircraft were built and the type did not go into production.

The Mikoyan-Gurevich I-7 was a development of the Mikoyan-Gurevich I-3 experimental fighter. Planned as a Mach 2-class aircraft, the I-7 was the second of a series of three experimental fighter aircraft from the Mikoyan-Gurevich design Bureau. Like the Mikoyan-Gurevich I-3, the I-7 was to be one of the components of the automated Uragan-1 then under development by protivovozdushnaya oborona strany, the Soviet defense system.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Bridgman, Leonard (1957). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1957-58. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd. p. 140.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon (1994). The Complete Book of Fighters. Godalming, UK: Salamander Books. p. 89. ISBN   1-85833-777-1.
  3. "The French industry". Flight . Vol. 75 no. 2629. 12 June 1959. p. 795.