Broch of West Burrafirth

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Coordinates: 60°17′53″N1°32′18″W / 60.298185°N 1.538235°W / 60.298185; -1.538235

Geographic coordinate system Coordinate system

A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position; alternatively, a geographic position may be expressed in a combined three-dimensional Cartesian vector. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation. To specify a location on a plane requires a map projection.

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Broch of West Burrafirth
Broch of West Burrafirth - geograph.org.uk - 438680.jpg
Remains of the broch on the little holm
Shetland UK location map.svg
Archaeological site icon (red).svg
Shown within Shetland
Location Mainland, Shetland
Coordinates 60°17′53″N1°32′18″W / 60.298185°N 1.538235°W / 60.298185; -1.538235
Type Broch
History
Periods Iron Age

The Broch of West Burrafirth is an Iron Age broch located on the west side of Mainland, Shetland (grid reference HU25625720 ).

The British Iron Age is a conventional name used in the archaeology of Great Britain, referring to the prehistoric and protohistoric phases of the Iron Age culture of the main island and the smaller islands, typically excluding prehistoric Ireland, which had an independent Iron Age culture of its own. The parallel phase of Irish archaeology is termed the Irish Iron Age. The Iron Age is not an archaeological horizon of common artefacts, but is rather a locally diverse cultural phase.

Broch type of Iron Age drystone hollow-walled structure

A broch is an Iron Age drystone hollow-walled structure found in Scotland. Brochs belong to the classification "complex atlantic roundhouse" devised by Scottish archaeologists in the 1980s. Their origin is a matter of some controversy.

Mainland, Shetland the main island of Shetland, Scotland

The Mainland is the main island of Shetland, Scotland. The island contains Shetland's only burgh, Lerwick, and is the centre of Shetland's ferry and air connections.

Location

The broch stands on a low rocky islet (the "Holm of Hebrista") in West Burra Firth. [1] The site is inaccessible without a boat except at very low tide. [1] There was once a causeway from the islet to the shore, which is no longer readily apparent. [1]

Description

The broch is in a ruined state with much fallen debris. [1] The entrance is blocked with stones but the lintel over the inner end is still apparent. [1] There appear to be two guard cells on either side of the entrance passage. [1] Internally four mural cells can be seen, two of which are dumb-bell shaped with short passages between the two halves. [1] The site is a scheduled monument. [2]

Scheduled monument nationally important archaeological site or historic building in the United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a "nationally important" archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change.

Later history

The Orkneyinga saga states of Magnus Erlendsson and Hákon Paulsson:

<i>Orkneyinga saga</i>

The Orkneyinga saga is a historical narrative of the history of the Orkney and Shetland islands and their relationship with other local polities, particularly Norway and Scotland. The saga has "no parallel in the social and literary record of Scotland" and is "the only medieval chronicle to have Orkney as the central place of action". The main focus of the work is the line of jarls who ruled the Earldom of Orkney, which constituted the Norðreyjar or Northern Isles of both Orkney and Shetland and there are frequent references to both archipelagoes throughout.

Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney Earl of Orkney

Saint Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney, sometimes known as Magnus the Martyr, was Earl of Orkney from 1106 to about 1115.

"Magnus and Hákon ruled their lands and defended them for some time, the two agreeing very well... They also slew a famous man, named Þorbjörn in Borgarfjörð in Hjaltland." [3]

Borgarfjörð, the "fjord of the borg" was so named by the Norse on account of the broch. [3] It is probable that the reason of Þorbjörn's connection with Borgarfjörð/Burra Firth was its affording him, and his followers a shelter, and a defensive position in the borg, or broch. [3] The old name Borgarfjörð occurs in a document in the Norse language dated 1299. [3]

Fjord A long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity

Geologically, a fjord or fiord is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. There are many fjords on the coasts of Alaska, Antarctica, British Columbia, Chile, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Kamchatka, the Kerguelen Islands, New Zealand, Norway, Novaya Zemlya, Labrador, Nunavut, Newfoundland, Quebec, Scotland, South Georgia Island, and Washington state. Norway's coastline is estimated at 29,000 kilometres (18,000 mi) with nearly 1,200 fjords, but only 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) when fjords are excluded.

Vikings Norse explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates

Vikings were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who during the late 8th to late 11th centuries, raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of Europe, and explored westwards to Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland. The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Norse home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age. This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia, Estonia, the British Isles, France, Kievan Rus' and Sicily.

The broch was visited by George Low in the 18th century, when he noted a number of cells in the base of the wall, and he stated that a hollow, galleried wall began above these. [1]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Historic Environment Scotland. "West Burra Firth (371)". Canmore . Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  2. Historic Environment Scotland. "West Burra Firth,broch (SM2090)" . Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Joseph Anderson, (1873), The Orkneyinga saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Chapter 35 (page 60)