| Bufoides | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Bufoides Pillai and Yazdani, 1973 |
| Type species | |
| Ansonia meghalayana Yazdani and Chanda, 1971 | |
Bufoides is a small genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. [1] [2] The genus is endemic to Northeast India, [1] with one species known from the Garo and Khasi Hills. [3]
Bufoides was erected in 1973 to accommodate Ansonia meghalayana . It remained monotypic until 2016 when Chandramouli and Amarasinghe transferred Pedostibes kempi to Bufoides, in their quest to achieve monophyletic Pedostibes . The move was supported by the morphological similarity and geographic proximity of the two species, and rendered Pedostibes monotypic and restricted to the Western Ghats. However, it remains possible that the two Bufoides species are actually conspecific. [3] The closest relatives of the genus remain unknown. [1]
Bufoides are small toads; the maximum sizes of the two species are 30 and 47 mm (1.2 and 1.9 in) in snout–vent length. Supraorbital, preorbital, and postorbital ridges are present. The parotoid glands are short and oval. No externally visible tympanum is present. The tips of the digits have rounded, poorly dilated discs. Dorsal skin is granular. The fingers have basal webbing whereas the toes have complete webbing. [3]
There are two recognized species: [1] [2]
Bufo is a genus of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world, but following taxonomic reviews most of these have been moved to other genera, leaving only seventeen extant (living) species from Europe, northern Africa and Asia in this genus, including the well-known common toad. Some of the genera that contain species formerly placed in Bufo are Anaxyrus, Bufotes, Duttaphrynus, Epidalea and Rhinella.
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura. This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs. The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Ansonia is a genus of true toads found in south India, northern Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Tioman Island, Borneo, and Mindanao (Philippines). These small forest species spawn in streams and have torrent-adapted tadpoles. Common name stream toads has been coined for the genus, although individual species are also being referred to as slender toads.
Truebella is a genus of small true toads, family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Ayacucho and Junín Regions of Peru. The generic name honors Linda Trueb, an American herpetologist.
Werneria, also known as the torrent toads or smalltongue toads, is a small genus of "true toads", family Bufonidae. They are found in western Central Africa, with the greatest species richness in the Western High Plateau of Cameroon. The species generally have restricted or patchy distributions and are considered threatened.
The bleeding toad, fire toad, or Indonesia tree toad is a species of true toad, family Bufonidae, endemic to Java, Indonesia. Leptophryne javanica was included in this species prior its description as a distinct species in 2018, although the degree of differentiation between these species is low. The bleeding toad is listed as a critically endangered species due to a drastic population decline. The reasons of this decline are unclear, but the decline is consistent with chytridiomycosis, despite ambiguous identification.
Atelopus longirostris is a species of harlequin frog, a member of the family of true toads (Bufonidae). It has been recorded only in northern Ecuador. Records from Colombia probably represent different species. As of mid-2017, it is listed as extinct by the IUCN, but was rediscovered in 2016 after more than two decade with no sightings, likely because the IUCN last assessed it in 2004. The scientific name of this species means "long-snout" and the species has been named in Spanish as the jambato hocicudo. Common names longnose stubfoot toad, scrawny stubfoot-toad, and longnose sharlequin frog have been coined for it.
Bufoides kempi is a species of true toad, family Bufonidae. This poorly known species is endemic to Meghalaya, Northeast India. It is only known with certainty from its type series collected "above Tura" at 2,500 ft (760 m) in the Garo Hills no later than 1919; there is also a possible record collected at around 2009. Its common names are Kemp's Asian tree toad, Garo Hills toad, and Garo Hills tree toad. The specific name kempi honours Stanley Wells Kemp, an English zoologist and anthropologist.
The Malabar tree toad, or warty Asian tree toad, is a species of toad found in forests along the Western Ghats of great Karnataka or Deccan. It is a small species and is found in wet tree hollows or leaf bases containing water. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Pedostibes, also known as Asian tree toads.
Adenomus kandianus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae endemic to Sri Lanka. It is a high-altitude species known only from few localities. The specific name kandianus means "from Kandy" and seems to suggest that the type material came from near the city of Kandy.
Atelopus balios, the Rio Pescado stubfoot toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to southwestern Ecuador, with records from Pacific lowlands in Azuay, Cañar, and Guayas Provinces. It is a rare species that was already suspected to be extinct, but a single specimen was discovered in 2011 by a team from Conservation International during a hunt for missing amphibians. The decline in amphibian populations is well documented. The Atelopus balios is Critically Endangered as a result of the widespread amphibian Chytridiomycosis fungus that has decimated other amphibian populations. There are only 10 known findings of the tadpole, Atelopus balios.
The four-digit toad or dwarf toad is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Bioko, southwestern Cameroon, and southeastern Nigeria. It is the only species in the genus Didynamipus.
Rentapia everetti, also known as Everett's Asian tree toad or marbled tree toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and occurs in both Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia.
Truebella tothastes is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Ayacucho Region in the Cordillera Oriental of central Peru and is only known from a few locations west of the Apurímac River. The specific name tothastes is a Greek noun meaning "one who scorns" and refers to the enigmatic position of the genus Truebella within the bufonids.
Bufoides meghalayanus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae, the true toads. It is also known as the Mawblang toad, rock toad, or Khasi Hills toad. It is endemic to northeastern India where it is known from Meghalaya and Mizoram. However, records from Mizoram may represent an undescribed species, and this species might have a very restricted range in the Khasi Hills near Cherrapunji.
Blaira is a small genus of true toads endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India. The genus was erected in 2021 as a valid substitute name for Ghatophryne which was created in 2009 for Ansonia ornata which was found to be distinct enough to warrant its own genus. This was however considered an invalid description as it was published in an only a digital medium ; Ansonia rubigina was moved based on its morphological similarity and distribution.
Phrynoidis is a small genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. They are found in Mainland Southeast Asia and the Greater Sundas. They are sometimes known as the rough toads or river toads.
Sabahphrynus is a monotypic genus of amphibians in the family Bufonidae. The sole species is Sabahphrynus maculatus, also known as the spotted Asian tree toad or Sabah earless toad. It is endemic to Borneo where it is only known from Sabah, East Malaysia.
Blythophryne is currently a monotypic genus of true toads. The sole species Blythophryne beryet is described from the Andaman Islands, in the Bay of Bengal, India. It is about 24 millimetres (0.94 in) long.
Rentapia flavomaculata, also known as the yellow-spotted tree toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Malay Peninsula. Before being described as a distinct species in 2020, it was confused with Rentapia hosii.