Wreck of C.H.Wheeler, newspaper illustration from 1901 | |
History | |
---|---|
Name | C.H. Wheeler |
Owner | Nehalem River Transportation Co. |
Port of registry | Astoria, OR |
In service | 1901 |
Out of service | 1901 |
Identification | U.S. 127490 |
Fate | Wrecked near Yaquina Bay |
Notes | wooden construction |
General characteristics | |
Type | schooner-rigged lumber barge |
Tonnage | 371 gross tons; 356 net tons |
Length | 141.8 ft (43.22 m) |
Beam | 34.5 ft (10.52 m) |
Depth | 10.6 ft (3.23 m) depth of hold |
Sail plan | schooner |
Capacity | 562,000 board feet of lumber |
Crew | four (4) |
Notes | Built to operate with the tug Geo. R. Vosburg |
C.H. Wheeler was a schooner-rigged unpowered lumber barge that operated during the year 1901, making only a few voyages before it was wrecked near Yaquina Bay with the loss of one life. C.H. Wheeler was the largest vessel up to that time to reach Tillamook City and the first vessel to transport a load of lumber from Tillamook to San Francisco. The circumstances of the loss of the C.H. Wheeler were controversial and resulted in the arrest (charges were subsequently dismissed) of the captain of the tug that had been towing the barge before it was wrecked.
C.H. Wheeler was owned by the Nehalem Transportation Company, based in Nehalem, Oregon, had been incorporated in August 1900 by filing articles of incorporation with the Oregon Secretary of State. [1] The company was capitalized at $12,000. [1] The persons who formed the corporation were Coleman H. Wheeler, George R. Vosburg, J.E. Dubois, J.L. Vosburg, and J.K. Gambill. [1] The same persons also incorporated, at the same time, the Wheeler Lumber Company, also based in Nehalem, with a capital stock of $40,000. [1]
Wheeler was built simultaneously with an ocean-going tugboat, the Geo. R. Vosburg, and the plan was to operate the two vessels together. The barge was built to carry lumber cut by the Wheeler Lumber Company, which had the largest saw mill on the Nehalem River. [2] This mill cut 35,000 board feet (83 m3 ) of lumber for every 10-hour day, and it was intended to expand that capacity to 100,000 board feet (240 m3) per day. [2] As soon as the tug and barge were complete, barge would be loaded with lumber and the tug would tow the barge to San Francisco. [2] It was also speculated that if a barge of this type could be safely towed in and out of the Nehalem, then coal mines could be opened in the area, with coal being shipped to Astoria and Portland. [2]
Wheeler was launched on November 13, 1900, in Portland, Oregon, at the former shipyard of James B. Stephens. [2] [3] Originally, the barge was to have been known as Nehalem Transportation Company No. 1, [4] but it was launched under the name C.H. Wheeler.
Wheeler had a sailing rig as a schooner. [5] Gross tonnage, a measure of size rather than weight, was 371 and net tonnage was 356. [5] The barge was 141.8 ft (43.22 m ) long, with a beam of 34.5 ft (10.52 m ) and depth of hold of 10.6 ft (3.23 m ). [5] The official vessel registry number was 127499, and the flag recognition signal was K.Q.M.T. [5]
Wheeler could carry 400,000 board feet (940 m3) of lumber. [2] The barge was reported to be "an exceptionally strong one, although an odd-looking affair", and the tug was described as "rather small for ocean work". [6] Another report described the Wheeler as a "queer looking craft about as wide as she is long with a stern like the end of a warehouse." [7]
Wheeler departed Astoria on January 9, 1901 at 8:30 a.m. under tow by Vosburg on its first trip to the Nehalem River. [8] Wheeler loaded a cargo of lumber at Nehalem and Vosburg towed Wheeler south to San Francisco. [9]
Returning from San Francisco, on February 14, Vosburg towed Wheeler into Tillamook City by way of the then recently dredged Hoquarton Slough. [9] Wheeler was the largest vessel ever to reach Tillamook City. [9] While docked at Hoquarton Slough, Wheeler loaded 350,000 board feet of spruce lumber from the Tillamook Lumber Company's mill, and then took a further 250,000 board feet from the Davies mill on the nearby Trask River. [10]
On February 22, 1901, with a little over 500,000 board feet of lumber on board, Wheeler in the tow of Vosburg, departed Tillamook City for San Francisco. [11] This was the first cargo of lumber shipped from Tillamook City. [11] Bar conditions delayed the departure from Tillamook Bay, but eventually Wheeler in tow of Vosburg reached San Francisco on March 7, 1901. [12]
On April 9, 1901, Vosburg and Wheeler departed Nehalem for San Francisco again, this time with about 400,000 board feet of lumber loaded on the barge. [13]
On Sunday, April 29, 1901, word was received in Tillamook City, by telephone call, that in trying to cross the Nehalem River bar in the tow of Vosburg, Wheeler went ashore on the south spit, and would probably be a total loss. [14] Vosburg made it inside safely. [14] However a further report a few days later, on May 9, 1901, was that both Vosburg and Wheeler were inside the bar, but could not exit (a status known as "bar bound") because the channel had recently become clogged with sand. [15] Work was being done to try to reestablish a channel. [15] By May 31, 1901, the channel was still divided but one branch was ten feet deep, and this permitted Vosburg to exit and proceed to Astoria. [16]
On July 16, 1901, Wheeler sailed for San Francisco from Nehalem, again in the tow of Vosburg. [17]
On Monday, November 18, 1901, Vosburg departed Nehalem for San Francisco with Wheeler in tow. [18] Wheeler had been loaded with 562,000 board feet of lumber. [19]
Moving southwards, the tug and tow encountered high seas and a southerly gale, which caused Vosburg to use additional coal, and the supply on the tug was nearly exhausted by the time Coos Bay vicinity. [18] To obtain more coal, Vosburg and Wheeler put into Coos Bay, on Thursday, November 21, 1901 and departed Coos Bay on Monday, November 25, 1901. [18] [20]
Nothing more was heard from tug or tow until Saturday, November 30, 1901, when Vosburg pulled into the dock at Astoria, without Wheeler. [20] Captain Ahnes reported that while the winds had been light when they left Coos Bay, they encountered strong southeast winds off Cape Blanco, which grew to gale strength by midnight on Monday. [20] Through Tuesday and Wednesday the winds grew worse, sea conditions were very rough, and both vessels were laboring heavily. [20]
At 7:00 pm on Wednesday, November 27, the 1000 foot long steel towing cable parted, and Vosburg lost the tow. [20] Thirty minutes later, the lights on Wheeler, which had four men on board, could no longer be seen from Vosburg. [20] Unable to find the barge, at 3:00 a.m. on Thursday, Vosburg started south. [20] At 6:00 a.m. on Thursday the barometer fell to 29 inches of pressure, and for two hours the gale blew with the strength of a hurricane. [20] On Friday morning, when Vosburg was off Yaquina Head, the gale moderated and the captain decided to head for the Columbia. [20]
By Sunday, December 1, 1901, a new steel cable had been installed on Vosburg, and the tug was scheduled to coal up the next day in preparation to going out in search of the lost barge Wheeler. [21] Meanwhile, no word had been heard as to the Wheeler's whereabouts or fate. [21]
Wheeler was sighted again, however, by the crew of the Yaquina Bay Life-Saving Station, early in the morning of Wednesday, December 4, 1901. [22]
When the towing cable broke, at about 70 miles off shore on November 27, the barge displayed lights and put up part of the main sail to keep the bow into the wind. [22] The crew of the barge saw the lights of the tug for about 15 minutes after the tow line broke. [22] When the barge crew was able to raise all the sails, the barge could still make no headway to windward, and instead drifted in a northwesterly direction for about 35 hours. [22] Wheeler made a zig-zag course, governed by the wind strength and direction, back east towards the Oregon coast, eventually spotting the Yaquina Head Light at about 7:00 pm on Tuesday. [22]
When the crew on Wheeler decided to attempt to enter Yaquina Bay, the barge could not be maneuvered through the entrance, and instead it drifted over into the breakers on the south spit. [22] A big wave rolled the barge over, and two men, seaman M. "Mike" Yederman (or Olderman [23] ), of Nehalem, and the African-American cook, J.W. Coles, of San Francisco, were washed overboard. [22] Coles was about 60 years old and disabled. [19]
From the time they had been sighted, the life-saving crew had kept watch on the barge, and had supposed it to be the missing Wheeler. [24] They took out the beach cart containing the life-saving equipment, and followed Wheeler along the beach. [24] When the two men who were on the lumber came near shore, the life-saving crew were able to throw them a line and pull them in to safety. [24]
Olderman, badly bruised and cut on his face and legs, clung on to a plank until he was washed inshore where he was rescued by a surfman from the life-saving crew. [22] [24] Coles, who had been wearing a life jacket, was last seen drifting around in the wreckage. [22] Just before they were washed overboard, Cole had told Olderman that he (Cole) would be unable to live long in the water owing to the extreme cold. [23]
The next wave washed the other two crewmen overboard, but they were able to climb on to the large pile of lumber which had been driven overboard, and had accumulated as a kind of raft in the lee of the barge, and in this way they reached the beach. [22] Thirteen days later, on December 17, 1901, the body of J.W. Cole was found on the beach 17 miles south of the life-saving station. [24] The drowning of Cole was the only loss of life in Oregon waters among documented vessels in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903. [25]
On December 11, 1901, at 8:00 a.m., Vosburg, under a new captain, departed Astoria for Nehalem, where the owner of the barge, C.H. Wheeler, boarded the tug. [26] [27] From Nehalem, Vosburg proceeded south to attempt to salvage the wreck of the Wheeler and its cargo, arriving at Yaquina Bay on the morning of December 12, 1901. [28] On arrival, the barge was found to have been broken in two, and was a total loss. [28] There was still 300,000 board feet of lumber on board however, and this could be salvaged, as well as certain equipment from the barge, specifically the steering gear, capstan, anchors, cable and rigging. [28]
A number of people thought that the master of Vosburg had not done everything he could have to rescue the barge. The surviving crew of the Wheeler "severely condemned" the actions of the captain of the Vosburg, saying that Vosburg had recently taken on a fresh supply of coal at Coos Bay and that on board Wheeler there was another towing cable of better quality than the one which had broken. [22] Later, "Mike" Olderman, who along with J.W. Cole, had been one of the first two crewmen washed off Wheeler into the surf, said they after the towing cable had broken, the crew of Wheeler had tried to attract the attention of Vosburg by building a large fire on the deck, using oil to increase its size. [23] According to Olderman, the barge was not in danger until many hours later when the wind strength increased to that of a hurricane. [23] Capt. W.H. Roberts, assistant inspector of the U.S. life-saving district of Oregon and Washington, who had made the inquiry into the circumstances of the wreck, wrote in his official report:
The abandonment of the barge by the master of the tug Vosburg is to be condemned. Had the tug been short of coal, which I believe was the reason given for running to the Columbia River, a plentiful supply could have been obtained by running into Coos Bay, some 25 or 30 miles distant. He could have then searched for and picked up the barge, which would probably would have prevented the loss of property as well as the loss of life. [24]
On December 27, 1901, Chris Ahues, the former master of Vosburg, was arrested in Astoria by Deputy U.S. Marshall Roberts based on an information filed by a sailor, Algol Peterson, charging that through criminal negligence and misconduct, the former captain had caused the death of J.W. Cole, and, in particular, that proper diligence was not exercised to attempt to rescue the barge. [29] A preliminary hearing was held before United States Commissioner Thomson on the afternoon of December 28, 1901, and the case was dismissed because there was insufficient evidence to warrant prosecution. [29]
Wide West was a steamboat that served in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It had a reputation as a luxury boat of its days.
T.M. Richardson was a steamboat built in 1888 at Oneatta, Oregon, which served on Yaquina Bay and on the Yaquina River from 1888 to 1908. This vessel was commonly known as the Richardson or the T.M.
Sarah Dixon was a wooden sternwheel-driven steamboat operated by the Shaver Transportation Company on the Columbia and lower Willamette rivers from 1892 to 1926. Originally Sarah Dixon was built as a mixed use passenger and freight vessel, and was considered a prestige vessel for the time.
Montesano was a steamboat that was operated from 1882 to about 1903 in the coastal regions of Oregon and southwest Washington, including Astoria, Willapa Bay, Grays Harbor, the Chehalis River, Yaquina Bay and Coos Bay. The Montesano of 1882, built in Astoria, should not be confused with another, larger sternwheeler, also named Montesano, built-in Cosmopolis, Washington, in 1889.
Truant was a steamboat that was operated in the Yaquina Bay region of Oregon from 1911 to 1919, transporting passengers and freight, and engaging in towing work. After 1919, Truant was transferred to the Columbia River.
Bayocean was a yacht that was built in 1911 to serve the now-vanished resort of Bayocean on the coast of Oregon at the entrance to Tillamook Bay. Considered an attractive vessel with a clipper bow and twin raked smokestacks, Bayocean was expensive to operate, was "somewhat cranky" at sea, and spent much of the time tied to a dock. In 1913, Bayocean then transferred to San Francisco Bay where it served briefly as an excursion vessel. In 1918, Bayocean was purchased by the U.S. Navy and converted to a patrol vessel. Following a brief active career, Bayocean was laid up again for about two years, as the Navy demobilized and sought to find buyers for its surplus ships. In 1921, the Navy sold Bayocean at auction to the San Francisco concern of Crowley Launch and Tug, now Crowley Maritime.
Sue H. Elmore was a steamboat built for service on the coast of Oregon and southwest Washington. From 1900 to 1917, the vessel's principal route ran from Portland, Oregon down the Columbia River to Astoria, and then west across the Columbia Bar, then south along the Oregon coast to Tillamook Bay. Once at Tillamook Bay, Sue H. Elmore was one of the few vessels that could reach Tillamook City at the extreme southern edge of the mostly very shallow bay. After this Sue H. Elmore was sold, being operated briefly in Puget Sound under the name Bergen, and then for many years, out of San Diego, California as a tugboat under the name Cuyamaca. During World War II Cuyamaca was acquired by the U.S. Army which operated the vessel as ST-361. Afterwards the army sold ST-361 and the vessel returned to civilian ownership, again under the name Cuyamaca. In 1948 Cuyamaca sank in a harbor in Venezuela, but was raised and by the early 1950s, was owned by one A. W. Smith, of Pensacola, Florida. This vessel's former landing place in Tillamook, Oregon is now a municipal park named after the ship.
Juneta was a passenger ferry that operated on the Nehalem River on the north coast of Oregon from 1910 to the mid-1920s. Thereafter this vessel was transferred to the Columbia River where it was operated out of Astoria as a cannery tender until the 1960s. Juneta was then converted to a tugboat, and operated commercially on the Columbia and Willamette rivers until 1976. Juneta is still in existence and afloat as a private yacht in the vicinity of Portland, Oregon.
W.H. Harrison was a steam schooner that operated from 1890 to 1905 on the coast of Oregon, the lower Columbia River, and southwest Washington state. At that time the salmon cannery industry was one of the major businesses of the coast. W.H. Harrison, while also carrying passengers and transporting general freight and lumber, was one of a number of steamers supplying materials to canneries along the coast, and transporting cases of canned salmon from the canneries.
George R. Vosburg was a steam tug that operated from 1900 to 1912 on the Columbia River and the north coast of Oregon south from Astoria to the Nehalem River and Tillamook City. Generally called the Vosburg in practice, and referred to as Geo. R. Vosburg in official records, this vessel performed many tasks, from carrying cargo and passengers, and towing barges of rock for jetty construction. After 1925, this vessel was renamed George M. Brown, and was converted to diesel power. Under the name George M. Brown, this vessel remained in service until 1968 or later.
Hobsonville is an unincorporated community in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. Although it is considered a ghost town, it is still classified as a populated place by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Hobsonville is on the east shore of Tillamook Bay, about 2 miles south of Garibaldi via U.S. Route 101 or about a mile from Garibaldi across Miami Cove.
Emma Hayward commonly called the Hayward, was a steamboat that served in the Pacific Northwest. This vessel was once one of the finest and fastest steamboats on the Columbia River and Puget Sound. As newer vessels came into service, Emma Hayward was relegated to secondary roles, and, by 1891, was converted into a Columbia river tow boat.
Grahamona was a sternwheel steamboat built in 1912 for the Oregon City Transportation Company, commonly known as the Yellow Stack Line. Grahamona was specially designed to serve on the shallow waters of the upper Willamette River. It was one of the largest steamboats ever to operate on the upper Willamette. In 1920, Grahamona was sold and the name was changed to Northwestern. In 1939, the vessel was sold again, and transferred to Alaska for service on the Kuskokwim River.
Newport was an American steamboat built in 1908 at Yaquina City, Oregon. Now a ghost town, Yaquina City was then the terminus of the Corvallis & Eastern Railroad. For many years Newport transported excursionists in the summer months across a short water route between Yaquina City and the town of Newport, Oregon.
No Wonder was a stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the Willamette, Columbia and Cowlitz rivers from 1889 to 1930. No Wonder was originally built in 1877 as Wonder, which was dismantled in 1888, with components being shifted over to a new hull, which when launched in late 1889 was called No Wonder.
Gazelle was a gasoline powered launch that operated on the Willamette and Columbia river from 1905 to 1911. For short periods of time Gazelle was operated on the Oregon Coast, on Yaquina Bay and also as an off-shore fishing vessel, in the Coos Bay area.
Governor Newell was a sternwheel-driven steamboat that operated from 1883 to 1902 in the Pacific Northwest.
Hosea Thompson Botts (1873–1963) was an American attorney and politician who served as Mayor of Tillamook, Oregon from 1905 to 1907, spanning two terms.
Ilwaco was a small riverine and coastal steamship built in 1890 which was operated as a passenger vessel for the Ilwaco Railway and Navigation Company, and later served in other roles, including tow and freight boat, cannery tender and fish packing vessel. Ilwaco was originally named Suomi.
The Callendar Navigation Company, sometimes seen as the Callendar Transportation Company, started in business in the early 1900s. Callendar was formed in the early 1900s, and was based in Astoria, Oregon. Callender was to become one of six large towing companies of the Columbia and Willamette rivers in the early decades of the 1900s, the others being Shaver Transportation, Smith Transportation, Hosford, Knappton Towing Co., and Willamette and Columbia River Towing Co. In 1922, Callendar Navigation merged with Knappton Towboat Co., which existed, with a name change in 1990, and which became part of Foss Marine in 1993.