| C16orf46 protein | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| External IDs | GeneCards: ; OMA:- orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chromosome 16 open reading frame 46 is a protein of yet to be determined function in Homo sapiens. It is encoded by the C16orf46 gene with NCBI accession number of NM_001100873. It is a protein-coding gene with an overlapping locus. [2]
An alternative name for this gene is FLJ32702, however it is most commonly referred to as C16orf46. [3]
The C16orf26 gene is found on chromosome 16q23.2 negative strand. [4] The promoter region is 1152 base pairs long. [5] It has three exons, one from 1-380 bp, the second from 381 to 1254 bp, and the third from 1255 to 1982 bp. [2]
C16orf46 is broadly expressed in the testis and thyroid as well as 18 other tissues. [4] These tissue expression patterns are found to be low to moderate (25-50%). [6] When looking at tissue profiles, the highest expression is in the adult mammalian kidney, liver, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, heart, and brain. [7]
The full C16orf46 protein is 417 amino acids long. [9] It has no isoforms, and its most distant ortholog, Rhincodon typus (whale shark), also has no known isoforms. [10] The molecular weight was found to be 45.8 kdal. [11] The isoelectric point is 7.4, average for all proteins, and C16orf46 is electrically neutral. [12]
C16orf46 is predicted to be found in the nucleus by all orthologs. [13]
The secondary structure of C16orf46 has alternating alpha helices and beta sheets. [14]
In C16orf46, there is N-linked glycosylation, O-linked glycosylation, and SUMOylation. [15] [16]
There are phosphorylation sites found with the kinases CKII, CKI, PKC, and cdc2. [17]
A coronavirus cleavage site is predicted at the 235 amino acid position. [18] There are also tyrosine motif locations between amino acids 42-45 and 251–252. [19]
mRNA folding on the 5' UTR predicts a stem loop twice in the area between base pairs 47–90. [20]
C16orf46 has over 50 orthologs ranging from primate to chordate. [21] The table below shows a representation of the diversity of C16orf46 by listing a selection of orthologs found using NCBI. When C16orf46 Homo sapiens was run through a multiple alignment sequence program, Clustal Omega, against 20 true orthologs and 16 distant orthologs, Trp74 and Pro212 were found to be conserved in all. [22]
C16orf46 has been compared against Fibrinogen, a protein which mutates rapidly, and Cytochrome C, a protein which mutates slowly.
As can be seen below, when multiple species of the three proteins were plotted, C16orf46 more closely resembled that of Fibrinogen than Cytochrome C, suggesting a possible rapid mutation. [21]
C16orf46 interacts with FAT3 which has been linked to neurite interactions during development. [23] C16orf46 is thought to have coexpression with the PLAC8L1 and CFAP43 gene, both of unknown function. [24]
There are higher levels of C16orf46 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumor epithelia tissue compared to the control. [25] There is also higher gene expression in patients with small-cell carcinoma compared to the control. [26]