Caledonian Park Clock Tower | |
---|---|
Type | Clock tower |
Location | Islington, London |
Coordinates | 51°32′50″N0°07′25″W / 51.5471°N 0.1236°W |
Built | 1855 |
Architect | James Bunstone Bunning |
Architectural style(s) | Italianate |
Governing body | Islington London Borough Council |
Listed Building – Grade II* | |
Official name | The Clock Tower |
Designated | 29 September 1972 |
Reference no. | 1298021 |
Listed Building – Grade II | |
Official name | Railings, walls, gate piers and gates to Caledonian Park |
Designated | 30 September 1994 |
Reference no. | 1208009 |
Listed Building – Grade II | |
Official name | Railings and gates to Islington Tennis Centre and King George's Field |
Designated | 30 September 1994 |
Reference no. | 1195681 |
Listed Building – Grade II | |
Official name | The Lamb Tavern Public House |
Designated | 29 September 1972 |
Reference no. | 1208151 |
Listed Building – Grade II | |
Official name | Market House (formerly The White Horse Public House) |
Designated | 29 September 1972 |
Reference no. | 1195680 |
The Caledonian Park Clock Tower, Islington, London, is the major remaining element of the Metropolitan Cattle Market, opened in 1855 by the City of London Corporation as a replacement for the market at Smithfield. The complex was designed by the Corporation's Surveyor, James Bunstone Bunning, and was laid out on a site of 30 acres (0.12 km2) that originally formed the estate of a mansion, Copenhagen House. The market consisted of the central clock tower, enclosures for animals, slaughterhouses, sales arenas, administrative offices and four public houses, one standing at each corner of the complex. The cattle market was closed in the 1930s, and the meat market in the 1960s, with much of the site being redeveloped for council housing. The clock tower, two stretches of railings and three of the four pubs are all that now remain. After suffering neglect and vandalism in the late 20th century, the clock tower was restored between 2016 and 2019 and is now open to the public. It is a Grade II* listed building, the railings and pubs having separate Grade II listings.
The market at Smithfield in the City of London has been in operation for over 800 years. By the mid-Victorian era, the development of London had made the transportation of livestock into the centre of the city problematic and in 1852 the Smithfield Market Removal Act was passed, allowing for the construction of a new Metropolitan Cattle Market on the site of a demolished mansion, Copenhagen House, in Islington, to the north of the city. [lower-alpha 1] [2] The market complex was designed by the Corporation of London's Surveyor, James Bunstone Bunning, and was opened by Prince Albert on 15 June 1855. [3] The rectangular site radiated out from the central clock tower and comprised livestock pens that could accommodate 12,700 cattle, sheep and pigs, slaughterhouses, sales arenas, offices, banks, a telegraph office and two hostels and five pubs for the rest and recreation of the drovers who brought the animals into London, and for the market workers. [4] [5] [6]
The sale of livestock at the site ended in the 1930s, and of meat in the 1960s. The market buildings were then mostly demolished, council housing, principally the Market Estate, was built over much of the site, and the remainder converted to a municipal park. [7] In the late 20th century, the tower suffered considerably from vandalism. In 2016, Islington Council began a restoration project at a cost of just under £2M [8] which saw the reopening on the clock tower in 2019. [9] The tower now offers public access and guided tours. [10]
The tower stands 46 m (151 ft) designed to act as a focal point for drovers entering London. [5] It has five storeys and is constructed of Portland stone. [11] The base is rusticated and is supported by "swooping buttresses" on each side. [4] The clock set into the fourth storey is by the firm of John Morris of Clerkenwell [11] and has a set of three bells which rang each day to signal the market's opening and closing. The final storey has a balustrade giving good views over London, [12] and is topped with a weather vane in the form of a dragon which was re-gilded during the restoration in 2016-2019. [lower-alpha 2] [13] Bridget Cherry, in her revised London 4: North edition of the Pevsner Buildings of England , describes the Caledonian Park Clock Tower as "magnificent; Italianate with Baroque buttreses and a more conventional Quattrocento top". [4] The tower is a Grade II* listed building. [11] Two sets of railings which once fully enclosed the market are listed Grade II. [14] [15] Only three of the four public houses which originally stood at each corner of the market site remain, The White Horse, [16] The Lamb, [17] and The Lion, each of which is also listed Grade II. [18] The fourth, The Black Bull, which stood at the south-west corner has been demolished. [4]
Smithfield, properly known as West Smithfield, is a district located in Central London, part of Farringdon Without, the most westerly ward of the City of London, England.
Caledonian Road is a station on the Piccadilly line of the London Underground, between King's Cross St. Pancras and Holloway Road, and in Travelcard Zone 2. It was opened on 15 December 1906 by the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway. The building was designed by Leslie Green.
Richmond Green is a recreation area near the centre of Richmond, a town of about 20,000 inhabitants situated in south-west London. Owned by the Crown Estate, it is leased to the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. The Green, which has been described as "one of the most beautiful urban greens surviving anywhere in England", is roughly square in shape and its open grassland, framed with broadleaf trees, extends to roughly twelve acres. On the north-east side there is also a smaller open space called Little Green. Richmond Green and Little Green are overlooked by a mixture of period townhouses, historic buildings and municipal and commercial establishments including the Richmond Lending Library and Richmond Theatre.
The Metropolitan Cattle Market, just off the Caledonian Road in the parish of Islington was built by the City of London Corporation and was opened in June 1855 by Prince Albert. The market was supplementary to the meat market at Smithfield and was established to remove the difficulty of managing live cattle at that latter site.
Market Estate is a public housing estate consisting of 271 flats and maisonettes situated to the north of Caledonian Park in the London Borough of Islington. It is named after the Metropolitan Cattle Market which operated on the site until the 1960s. After slaughter the carcasses of cattle and sheep were sent by underground trains to Smithfield Market to be traded. Three of the six blocks that make up the estate are named after breeds of animal that were traded in the market: Tamworth (pigs), Kerry (cows) and Southdown (sheep). The remaining three blocks are called the Clock tower blocks after the market's clock tower which still stands in Caledonian Park. This contains a working clock used as a prototype for the mechanism of Big Ben.
Lonsdale Square is a garden square in the Barnsbury district of Islington, North London. It is bounded by unusual Tudor Gothic Revival terraced houses, with picturesque gables and Elizabethan-style windows, and is probably unique among squares. All the houses are listed buildings. The central public garden contains flower beds and mature trees.
Brunswick Town is an area in Hove, in the city of Brighton and Hove, England. It is best known for the Regency architecture of the Brunswick estate.
Caledonian Road passes for about a mile and a half north–south through the London Borough of Islington. It connects North London, from Camden Road near its junction with Holloway Road, and central London's Pentonville Road in the south. It is known colloquially as the "Cally" and forms the entirety of the A5203.
As of February 2001, there were 1,124 listed buildings with Grade II status in the English city of Brighton and Hove. The total at 2009 was similar. The city, on the English Channel coast approximately 52 miles (84 km) south of London, was formed as a unitary authority in 1997 by the merger of the neighbouring towns of Brighton and Hove. Queen Elizabeth II granted city status in 2000.
James Bunstone Bunning was an English architect. He held the post of architect to the City of London from 1843 until his death, and is probably best remembered for his design for the Coal Exchange.
The railway town of Crewe in Cheshire, England, contains 34 buildings recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings. Each is at Grade II, the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings, and applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". Until the Grand Junction Railway established a railway station in 1837, Crewe was a "tiny township with a few farms". There are only two listed buildings dating from before the arrival of the railway: a much altered farmhouse that probably originated in the 16th century and a timber-framed farmhouse dating from the late 17th century. In 1842 the locomotive works opened, and Crewe had become an important railway junction, with lines coming from Birmingham and the south, and then going on to Chester, Manchester, and Liverpool. Houses were built to accommodate the railway workers. Most of these have been demolished, but some have survived and have been listed; these are in Betley, Dorfold, Tollitt, and Victoria Streets. There is also a surviving manager's house at 47 Delamere Street.
Irton with Santon is a civil parish in the Borough of Copeland, Cumbria, England. It contains 17 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish is in the Lake District National Park. It contains the villages of Irton and Santon Bridge, and is otherwise rural. In the parish is the country house of Irton Hall, which incorporates a medieval tower house, and also has a clock tower; all of these are listed. The other listed buildings include houses, farmhouses, farm buildings, a church with a memorial in its churchyard, two bridges, a summer house, and an inn.
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John Dixon Butler was a British architect and surveyor who had a long, professional association with London's Metropolitan Police. During his 25-year career with the police, he completed the designs and alterations to around 200 police buildings, including ten courts; as of 2022, about 58 of his buildings survive. Historic England describes him as "one of the most accomplished Metropolitan Police architects" and have included around 25 of his buildings on the National Historic List of England and Wales.
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