Calyx podatypa

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Calyx podatypa
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Haplosclerida
Family: Phloeodictyidae
Genus: Calyx
Species:
C. podatypa
Binomial name
Calyx podatypa
Synonyms
List
  • Haliclona podatypade Laubenfels, 1934
  • Pachypellina podatypa(De Laubenfels, 1934)

Calyx podatypa is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Phloeodictyidae. It is native to the Caribbean. The species was first described in 1934 by American spongiologist Max Walker de Laubenfels. [1] It is commonly found in shallow reefs, among seagrass and on mangrove roots. It is described as being mostly hollow with growths that range from branched to lobate in shape and tubular projections. It has round openings between 1-5mm in size. The colour is "Brown-yellowish to greenish" on the outside and tan on the inside. [2]

The Phloeodictyidae are a family of sponges containing these genera:

Caribbean Region to the center-east of America composed of many islands / coastal regions surrounding the Caribbean Sea

The Caribbean is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.

Max Walker de Laubenfels (1894–1960) was an American spongiologist. He was a Professor of Zoology at Oregon State College.

Antimicrobial compounds

A number of biologically active compounds have been isolated from Calyx podatypa including Diketopiperazines and N-methylpyridinium salts with antimicrobial effects. [3]

Diketopiperazine class of chemical compounds

A diketopiperazine (DKP), also known as a dioxopiperazine or piperazinedione, is a class of organic compounds related to piperazine but with two amide linkages. Three regioisomers are possible, differing in the locations of the carbonyl groups.

Methylpyridinium is a chemical compound which is the quaternary ammonium compound derived from the N-methylation of pyridine. It is found in some coffee products. It is not present in unroasted coffee beans, but is formed during roasting from its precursor chemical, trigonelline. It is under investigation by scientists regarding its potential anti-carcinogenic properties, particularly an effect on colon cancer.

An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria and antifungals are used against fungi. They can also be classified according to their function. Agents that kill microbes are called microbicidal, while those that merely inhibit their growth are called biostatic. The use of antimicrobial medicines to treat infection is known as antimicrobial chemotherapy, while the use of antimicrobial medicines to prevent infection is known as antimicrobial prophylaxis.

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References

  1. ↑ "Calyx podatypa (de Laubenfels, 1934)". World Porifera Database. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  2. ↑ "Calyx podatypa(de Laubenfels, 1934)". Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  3. ↑ Atta-ur-Rahman (2002). Bioactive Natural Products (Part G). Elsevier. p. 64. ISBN   9780080542065.


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