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Camel Trophy was an off-road vehicle-oriented competition that was held annually between 1980 and 2000. [1] [2] [3] It was best known for its use of Land Rover vehicles over challenging terrain. Occasionally called "The Olympics of 4x4", [4] the event took its name from its main sponsor, the Camel cigarette brand. [5]
Camel Trophy originated in 1980 with three Jeep-equipped German teams exploring the Amazon Basin. [6] [4] After that first event, the organisers turned to Land Rover for support and over the course of the next twenty years, all of the Land Rover vehicle range were used. [7] Range Rover, Land Rover Series III, Land Rover 90, Land Rover 110, Land Rover Defender, Land Rover Discovery, and Freelander vehicles all appeared in the distinctive "sandglow" colour scheme.
The cars were heavily modified by Land Rover Special Vehicles [8] [5] with a range of expedition, recovery, and safety equipment, including:
Generally speaking, except for support and specialist vehicles, the Land Rovers were only used for one event. Some competitors purchased their vehicles and many remained in the host country. Consequently, those vehicles that returned to the United Kingdom were highly sought after as they were low mileage - but they were "Camel Trophy miles". They were stripped of most of their equipment by Land Rover before they were released, making restoring the vehicles to their original competition condition expensive and time-consuming.
| Year | Location | Team vehicles | Support vehicles [9] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Brazil | Ford U50's (License built Jeep CJ5's) | |
| 1981 | Indonesia/Sumatra | Range Rover | Range Rover |
| 1982 | Papua New Guinea | Range Rover | Range Rover |
| 1983 | Zaire | Land Rover Series III 88" | Series III 109" |
| 1984 | Brazil | Land Rover 110 | Land Rover 110 |
| 1985 | Indonesia/Borneo | Land Rover 90 | Land Rover 110 |
| 1986 | Australia | Land Rover 90 | Land Rover 110 |
| 1987 | Madagascar | Range Rover TD | Range Rover TD |
| 1988 | Indonesia/Sulawesi | Land Rover 110 | Land Rover 110 |
| 1989 | Brazil | Land Rover 110 | Land Rover 110 |
| 1990 | Siberia, USSR | Discovery 200tdi (3-door) | Defender 110 & 127" |
| 1991 | Tanzania Burundi | Discovery 200tdi | One Ten |
| 1992 | Guyana [10] | Discovery 200tdi | Defender 110 200tdi |
| 1993 | Sabah, Malaysia | Discovery 200tdi | Defender 110 200tdi |
| 1994 | Argentina Paraguay Chile | Discovery 200tdi | Defender 110 200tdi |
| 1995 | Mundo Maya [11] (Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico) | Discovery 300tdi | Defender 110 300tdi |
| 1996 | Kalimantan | Discovery 300tdi | Defender 110 300tdi |
| 1997 | Mongolia [12] | Discovery 300tdi | Defender 110 300tdi |
| 1998 | Tierra del Fuego | Freelander | Defender 110 300tdi |
| 2000 | Tonga-Samoa | Ribtec 655 | Defender 110 HCPU and Honda CRV |
Over the 18-year period in which the Camel Trophy featured Land Rover vehicles, Italian teams ultimately won the Camel Trophy three times [13] - in 1982, [14] 1984, [15] and 1987. [16] Teams from the Netherlands, France, Germany, and Turkey all won the Camel Trophy twice. [9]
| Year | Camel Trophy winners | Winners' names | Team Spirit Award | Special Tasks Award | Land Rover Award |
| 1980 | N/A | Klaus Karttna-Dircks and Uwe Machel | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 1981 | West Germany | Christian Swoboda and Knuth Mentel | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 1982 | Italy | Cesare Geraudo and Giuliano Giongo | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 1983 | The Netherlands | Henk Bont and Frans Heij | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 1984 | Italy | Maurizo Levi and Alfredo Redaelli | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 1985 | Germany | Heinz Kallin and Bernd Strohdach | Brazil | N/A | N/A |
| 1986 | France | Jaques Mambre and Michel Courvallet | Australia | N/A | N/A |
| 1987 | Italy | Mauro Miele and Vincenzo Tota | Spain | N/A | N/A |
| 1988 | Turkey | Galip Gurel and Ali Deveci | UK | N/A | N/A |
| 1989 | UK | Bob Ives and Joe Ives [17] | Belgium | N/A | N/A |
| 1990 | The Netherlands | Rob Kamps and Stijn Luyx | Spain - Canary Islands | N/A | N/A |
| 1991 | Turkey | Menderes Utku and Bulent Ozler | Turkey | Austria | N/A |
| 1992 | Switzerland | Alwin Arnold and Urs Bruggisser | USA | France | N/A |
| 1993 | USA | Tim Hensley and Michael Hussey | Spain - Canary Islands | France | N/A |
| 1994 | Spain | Carlos Martinez and Jorge Corella | South Africa | Spain | N/A |
| 1995 | Czech Republic | Zdenek Nemec and Marek Rocejdl | Russia | Czech Republic | N/A |
| 1996 | Greece | Miltos Farmakis and Nikos Sotirchos | South Africa | Russia | Greece |
| 1997 | Austria | Stefan Auer and Albnecht Thousing | Sweden | N/A | Mihai Mares and Manu Cornel, Romania. |
| 1998 | France | William Michael and Marc Challamel | South Africa | N/A | Spain |
In 2003, competitors representing sixteen nations helped Land Rover fill the gap left after the demise of Camel Trophy. [4] Surprisingly, the inaugural Land Rover G4 Challenge contained many of the elements of Camel Trophy 1998, which Land Rover had reportedly been disappointed with. The "ultimate global adventure" was a test of skill, stamina, and mental agility in four separate stages, each in a different time zone. The prize was a top-of-the-range Freelander or Range Rover. The winner Rudi Thoelen declined a Range Rover, and opted for two Defenders instead.
The 2006 Land Rover G4 Challenge promised to be tougher than the inaugural event and delivered a more vehicle-based focus. The competitors, working in bi-national teams faced thousands of miles of vehicle-based activity in Thailand, Laos, Brazil, and Bolivia.
The 2008-9 G4 Challenge, supporting the Red Cross and based in Mongolia, was cancelled in December 2008 in the middle of the selection stages due to the current global economic downturn. Land Rover were forced to end the event as a cost saving-measure to allow them to focus on product launches in 2009. [2]
Land Rover is a British brand of predominantly four-wheel drive, off-road capable vehicles, owned by multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), since 2008 a subsidiary of India's Tata Motors. JLR currently builds Land Rovers in Brazil, China, India, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom. The Land Rover name was created in 1948 by the Rover Company for a utilitarian 4WD off-road vehicle; currently, the Land Rover range consists solely of upmarket and luxury sport utility vehicles.
The Land Rover Discovery is a series of seven-seater family SUVs, produced under the Land Rover marque, from the British manufacturer Land Rover, and later Jaguar Land Rover. The series is currently in its fifth iteration, the first of which was introduced in 1989, making the Discovery the first new model series since the launch of the 1970 Range Rover – on which it was based – and only the third new product line since the conception of the Land Rover by Rover in 1948. The model is sometimes called influential, as one of the first to market a true off-road capable family car.
The Land Rover Freelander is a series of four-wheel-drive vehicles that was manufactured and marketed by Land Rover from 1997 to 2015. Initially a compact SUV built on a body-on-frame chassis, the second generation model, sold from 2007 to 2015 in North America and the Middle East as the LR2 and in Europe as the Freelander 2, transitioned to a car-based platform which placed it into the compact crossover SUV class, and was developed alongside the Volvo XC60, the Volvo S80 and the third generation Ford Mondeo. The name 'Freelander' is derived from the combination of 'Freedom' and 'Lander'.
The Land Rover Defender is a series of British off-road cars and pickup trucks. They consistently have four-wheel drive, and were developed in the 1980s from the original Land Rover series which was launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show in April 1948. Following the 1989 introduction of the Land Rover Discovery, the term 'Land Rover' became the name of a broader marque, and thus no longer worked as the name of a specific model; thus in 1990 Land Rover renamed the 90 and 110 as Defender 90 and Defender 110 respectively. The 127 became the Defender 130.
Off-roading is the act of driving or riding in a vehicle on unpaved surfaces such as sand, dirt, gravel, riverbeds, mud, snow, rocks, or other natural terrain. Off-roading ranges from casual drives with regular vehicles to competitive events with customized vehicles and skilled drivers.
Bowler Motors Limited is a manufacturer of off-road racing vehicles based on the Land Rover Defender and Range Rover chassis. The company is located in the town of Belper, Derbyshire, in the United Kingdom.
The Range Rover is a 4x4, mid-size off-road vehicle series produced from 1970 to 1996 – initially by the Rover division of British Leyland, and latterly by the Rover Group.
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The Land Rover Wolf is a light military vehicle manufactured by Land Rover in the United Kingdom (UK), based on the Land Rover Defender, introduced in 1994. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) designates the Wolf 90 as Truck Utility Light (TUL) HS, and the Wolf 110 as Truck Utility Medium (TUM) HS, where HS stands for 'High Specification'. Land Rover calls it eXtra Duty (XD).
The Land Rover G4 Challenge is a global adventure competition, and as the successor to the Camel Trophy it has off-road driving at its core. As of the cancelled 2008/2009 event, the G4 Challenge was to be run in support of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
The Land Rover Perentie is a nickname for the Land Rover 110 produced by JRA Limited for the Australian Army, and part manufactured and assembled in Moorebank, New South Wales, during the 1980s and 1990s. There were two build contracts; the first was in 1988 and the second a decade later. The Perentie was based on the Land Rover Defender 110, and was introduced in 1987 to replace the ageing fleet of Series 2A and 3 Land Rovers.
Akrep ("Scorpion") is a Turkish infantry mobility vehicle developed by Otokar Otobus Karoseri Sanayi AS. The first prototypes were completed in May 1993 and the first vehicles came off the production line in June 1994. In addition to light reconnaissance, the vehicles were used for escort, perimeter control, counterinsurgency, and light attack. The Akrep represented the latest offering in Otokar's portfolio of light vehicles for both civilian and military markets.
The Land Rover Range Rover, generally shortened to Range Rover, is a 4x4 luxury SUV produced by Land Rover, a marque and sub-brand of Jaguar Land Rover. The Range Rover line was launched in 1970 by British Leyland and is now in its fifth generation.
The Land Rover Range Rover (L322), generally shortened to Range Rover, is the third-generation Range Rover model from British car maker Land Rover and was originally developed under the codename 'L30'.
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Four Wheeler is the oldest magazine for 4×4 and off-road truck and SUV enthusiasts. The first issue was published in February 1962, and in 2012, the internationally-read magazine celebrated its 50th anniversary. Four Wheeler focuses on new vehicle evaluations, project vehicles, the technical aspects of building a vehicle, product tests, outdoor equipment, and machines, 4x4 shows and competitions, and travel and adventure.
Petersen's 4-Wheel & Off-Road was an automobile magazine dedicated to 4x4 and off-road trucks and SUVs. The first issue was published in 1977; it began as a special-interest publication from the editors of Hot Rod magazine. 4-Wheel & Off-Road covered a range of topics for the do-it-yourself light-truck enthusiast, including real-world 4x4 performance modifications, new products and product evaluations, off-road event coverage, new-vehicle evaluations, travel, and lifestyle. In March 1978, the magazine officially became a monthly publication, and in 2013, 4-Wheel & Off-Road celebrated its 35th anniversary. It was published by the Motor Trend Group. On December 6, 2019, magazine-publishing industry news outlet Folio: reported the magazine was among 19 publications to be discontinued by Motor Trend Group by the end of 2019.
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The Land Rover Defender is a four-wheel-drive off-road luxury 4x4 from British automotive company Jaguar Land Rover. The vehicle was launched on 10 September 2019 at the Frankfurt Motor Show. It is significant for being the first all-new version of the Defender, breaking the engineering lineage with its predecessor, a descendant of the original Series Land Rovers of 1948. The unibody-based Defender is aimed at a more upmarket segment than its predecessor.
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