Capoeta kaput

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Capoeta kaput
The Capoeta kaput.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Genus: Capoeta
Species:
C. kaput
Binomial name
Capoeta kaput
Levin, Prokofiev & Roubenyan, 2019 [1]

Capoeta kaput is a species of algae eating scrapers discovered in 2019. Known locally as the Blue Aras scraper, this rare species prefers large rivers. It has not been evaluated by the IUCN yet but may need protection. [2] The freshwater fish primarily inhabits rivers of the Araxes basin in Asia, and has been found so far in at least Armenia, Iran [3] and Turkey. C. kaput can be distinguished by several physical markers, such as its nine dorsal branched rays (other species in the genus typically have eight), a larger number of vertebrae than most other species in the genus, [2] and it is about 262 mm (10.3 in) in length. The species has been discovered recently enough that it's been the subject of relatively little research.

Contents

Distribution

Capoeta kaput has been found in the Araxes River (which flows through Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran) and its tributaries the Akhuryan and Mezamor rivers. [2] The species naturally lives in large freshwater rivers and co-occurs with C. capoeta . A 2020 research paper recorded finding C. kaput in a Turkish canal (B-20 canal at Aralık) and noted other recorded sightings in the Araxes River in Armenia and Turkey. [4]

Description

Capoeta kaput has a distinct dorsal body contour with no marked discontinuity between head and predorsal profile. Its greatest body depth is at the level of dorsal-fin origin. Its head is conical, with an almost straight dorsal profile, and a bluntly rounded snout. It has a wide mouth that is weakly arched, with a lower jaw covered by a sharp horny sheath. The rostral cap is well-developed, partly overlapping the upper lip, with only its maxillary barbel present. The dorsal-fin origin is anterior to the pelvic-fin origin. The last unbranched ray is thick and ossified, serrated in basal two-thirds, with a soft and flexible distal third.

Habitat

Aras River Aras River.jpg
Aras River

Capoeta kaput prefers large freshwater rivers. [2] The Araxes River, where the fish has been primarily found, has suffered from increased pollutants over the past 50-60 years, negatively impacting the wildlife in the river. [5] The average temperature of the river basin is 9 °C (48 °F), and can vary from −4 to 22 °C (25 to 72 °F) throughout the year with hot summers and cold winters. [6] Average annual precipitation is around 565 mm (22.2 in), though it varies per region.[ citation needed ]

Morphology

Fish of the genus Capoeta are morphologically distinct because they have "inferior mouth[s] with the horny edge to the lower jaw" and a "short dorsal fin with seven to nine branched rays." [7] There are three clades within the genus - Mesopotamian, Anatolian-Iranian and Aralo-Caspian - and about 30 recognized species. C. kaput is considered a member of the Aralo-Caspian clade. [2]

Capoeta kaput has several physical differences from other species in its genus. It has nine dorsal branched rays, as compared to eight, and its body is a darker, more bluish color than other species of Capoeta. The fins on living fish also appear bluish. It has 46-48 vertebrae, more than most others in its genus, and its head is "deep" and "wide" with the "horny cutting edge on lower jaw variably arched." [2] The fish also has thinner limbs at straighter angles than other species in its genus. It stays the same color throughout its life.

The species has a conical head with a rounded snout. Anal fins are larger and more pronounced on males, which grow tubercles there during mating season. They're known to grow as large as 454 mm (17.9 in), but based on interviews with local people, scientists believe that the fish may grow larger.

Reproduction

Capoeta kaput has weak sexual dimorphism. Both sexes have breeding tubercles, but they are more pronounced in males. The breeding tubercles appear during spawn season at the anal fin rays. [2]

Etymology

"Kaput", the species name, translates to "blue" in Armenian, [2] the color of the fish.

Conservation status

Capoeta kaput has not been evaluated by the IUCN. The scientists who discovered it deemed it a rare species that likely needed protection. [2] A more recent research paper, however, called C. kaput "a widespread species with no known major widespread threats" and argued it should be classified as "least concern". [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aras (river)</span> River located in and along the countries of Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey

The Aras is a river in the Caucasus. It rises in eastern Turkey and flows along the borders between Turkey and Armenia, between Turkey and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, between Iran and both Azerbaijan and Armenia, and, finally, through Azerbaijan where it flows into the Kura river. It drains the south side of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, while the Kura drains the north side of the Lesser Caucasus. The river's total length is 1,072 km (666 mi) and its watershed covers an area of 102,000 km2 (39,000 sq mi). The Aras is one of the longest rivers in the Caucasus.

<i>Barbus</i> Genus of fishes

Barbus is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The type species of Barbus is the common barbel, first described as Cyprinus barbus and now named Barbus barbus. Barbus is the namesake genus of the subfamily Barbinae, but given their relationships, that taxon is better included in the Cyprininae at least for the largest part.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common dace</span> Species of ray-finned fish

The common dace is a species of freshwater and brackish water ray-finned fish from the family Cyprinidae which is native to Europe but which has been introduced to other parts of the world. It is a quarry species for coarse anglers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common roach</span> Species of fish

The roach, or rutilus roach, also known as the common roach, is a fresh- and brackish-water fish of the family Cyprinidae, native to most of Europe and western Asia. Fish called roach can be any species of the genera Rutilus, Leucos and Hesperoleucus, depending on locality. The plural of the term is also roach.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbel (fish)</span> Freshwater fish

Barbels are group of carp-like freshwater fish, almost all of the genus Barbus. They are usually found in gravel and rocky-bottomed moderate-flowing rivers with high dissolved oxygen content, known as the Barbel zone. A typical adult barbel can range from 25 to 240 cm in length and weigh between 200 g (7.1 oz) and 200 kg (440 lb), depending on species.

Capoeta antalyensis, also known as the Antalya barb or Pamphylian scraper, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Turkey in the Aksu and Köprüçay River drainages, which flow south into the Gulf of Antalya in the Mediterranean. Its lives in swiftly flowing stretches of rivers, but also found in lakes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Capoeta</i> Genus of fishes

Capoeta, also known as scrapers, is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Western Asia. The distribution extends from Turkey to the Levant, to Transcaucasia, Iraq, Turkmenistan, in Armenia, particularly in lake Sevan and northern Afghanistan. This genus is most closely related to Luciobarbus and in itself is divided into three morphologically, biogeographically and genetically distinct groups or clades: the Mesopotamian clade, the Anatolian-Iranian clade and the Aralo-Caspian clade.. The Mesopotamian clade was split off to Paracapoeta in 2022.

Capoeta pestai, called the Eğirdir longsnout scraper or the Eğirdir barb, is a critically endangered freshwater fish species in the family Cyprinidae, found only in Turkey. It used to be common across Lake Eğirdir in central Anatolia, but survives only in one of the inflowing rivers. It was forced out of Lake Eğirdir by a combination of overfishing, irrigation, destruction of its habitat, and the induction of predatory alien fish species.

<i>Garra</i> Genus of fishes

Garra is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the "log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down algae. The doctor fish of Anatolia and the Middle East belongs in this genus. The majority of the more than 160 species of garras are native to Asia, but about one-fifth of the species are from Africa.

The sicklefin chub is a species of ray-finned minnow fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in the United States. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee, and is a species of concern in the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge in Montana.

<i>Capoeta damascina</i> Species of fish

Capoeta damascina, the Levantine scraper or Mesopotamian barb, is a species of cyprinid fish from the Near East region. It is reported from Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iran and Turkey.

Capoeta ekmekciae, the Grusinian scraper is a kind of freshwater cyprinid fish from Turkey. It is known exclusively from the Çoruh River. It was described as a separate species in 2006.

<i>Paracapoeta erhani</i> Species of fish

Paracapoeta erhani, also known as the Ceyhan scraper or Seyhan scraper, is a Turkish species of freshwater cyprinid fish in the genus Paracapoeta.

<i>Iberochondrostoma olisiponensis</i> Species of fish

Iberochondrostoma olisiponensis, the Lisbon arched-mouth nase, is a freshwater fish discovered in 2007 in the lower Rio Tejo basin, Portugal.

<i>Acheilognathus macropterus</i> Species of fish

Acheilognathus macropterus is a species of cyprinid fish native to China and northern Vietnam. It grows to a length of 27.5 centimetres (10.8 in) SL.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caspian roach</span> Species of fish

The Caspian roach is a species of roach fish living in the Caspian Sea. The Caspian roach can be distinguished from other roaches by its laterally compressed body, silvery grey iris, rounded snout and grey pectoral pelvic and anal fins with dark margins. The Caspian roach is semi-anadromous and inhabits mostly shallow coastal waters. It enters Volga, Ural, Emba, Terek and Kura drainages for spawning.

<i>Zacco platypus</i>

The pale chub, also known as pale bleak or fresh-water sprat, is one of the most extensively distributed Asiatic cyprinids and is found in Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and most of Southeast China. This species of fish is native to freshwater rivers and mountainous streams from northern China and Korea to northern Vietnam. They can grow up to 20 centimetres (7.9 in) but usually grow to 13 centimetres (5.1 in). Its diet consists of zooplankton, invertebrates, fish, and debris. It is an invasive species in Taiwan. Zacco platypus is called Oikawaオイカワ（追河、Opsariichthys platypus) in Japan.

Squalius malacitanus, commonly known as the Málaga chub, is a species of freshwater fish in the carp family Cyprinidae. It was first isolated from the Guadalmina River in Málaga, hence its name. It is considered a vulnerable species. S. malacitanus differs from its cogenerate species by having 7–8 branched rays in its dorsal fin, 8 branched rays in the anal lateral line; the number of scale rows above its lateral line; possessing 3 scale rows below its lateral line; 38 vertebrae, 21 abdominal, and 17 caudal; large fourth and fifth infraorbital bones; maxilla without a pointed anterior process; the middle of its frontal bone being narrow, as well as its neurocranium bone; the lower branch of its pharyngeal bone is rather long; and the shortness of the inferior lamina of its urohyal bone.

<i>Capoeta razii</i> Species of fish

Capoeta razii, is a newly described species of freshwater cyprinid fish occurring mainly in the southern Caspian Sea basin, Iran. This species was mistakenly reported by many authors as Capoeta gracilis in northern Iranian regions. It was first reported to be different from C. gracilis by Levin et al. (2012).

Labeo heladiva, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. Earlier considered as the same species as Labeo dussumieri in India, recent phylogenetic and physiological differences suggest that Sri Lankan population is a distinct species.

References

  1. ↑ "Capoeta kaput Levin, Prokofiev & Roubenyan, 2019". Global Biodiversity Information Facility . Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Levin, B. A.; Prokofiev, A. M.; Roubenyan, H. R. (January 2019). "A New Species of Algae Eaters Capoeta kaput sp. nov. (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) from Transcaucasia". Inland Water Biology. 12 (1): 32–41. Bibcode:2019InWB...12...32L. doi:10.1134/s1995082919010139. ISSN   1995-0829.
  3. 1 2 Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash (June 29, 2020). "Ichthyofauna From Iranian Freshwater: Annotated Checklist, Diagnosis, Taxonomy, Distribution and Conservation Assessment". Zoological Studies. 無 (59): e21. doi:10.6620/zs.2020.59-21. PMC   7807176 . PMID   33456548 . Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  4. ↑ Kaya, Cüneyt; Bayçelebi, Esra; Turan, Davut (2020-06-15). "Taxonomic assessment and distribution of fishes in upper Kura and Aras river drainages". Zoosystematics and Evolution. 96 (2): 325–344. doi: 10.3897/zse.96.52241 . ISSN   1860-0743.
  5. ↑ Aliyeh, Saleh (July 2017). "Update for the Biodiversity and inflows of Araz River (Azerbaijan)". Nova Acta Científica Compostelana. 24.
  6. ↑ "Kura-Araks River Basin" (PDF). AQUASTAT Survey 2008.
  7. ↑ Zareian, Halimeh (October 3, 2017). "Diversity, mitochondrial phylogeny, and ichthyogeography of the Capoeta capoeta complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)". Hydrobiologia. 806: 363–409. doi:10.1007/s10750-017-3375-0.


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