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Constellaria is an extinct genus of bryozoan from the Middle Ordovician to Early Silurian from North America, Asia and Europe. These branching coral-like bryozoans formed bushy colonies 10-15 mm across on the seabed. The fairly thick branches were erect, often compressed in one direction, and covered with distinctive tiny, star-shaped mounds called maculae or monticules. Feeding zoids were located along the rays of the stars. The maculae probably formed "chimneys" for the expulsion of exhalant feeding currents from the surface of a colony, after water had been filtered to obtain food for the organisms.
References
- 1 2 "The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta" . Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ Manwell, Reginald D. (1968). "16 Ciliophora Fig 16.5". Introduction to Protozoology (2nd ed.). Dover. pp. 331–2. ISBN 978-0-486-61897-5. OCLC 595572282.
- ↑ Martin, D. (August 1968). Microfauna of Biological Filters. University of Newcastle upon Tyne - Department of Civil Engineering. Bulletin. Vol. 39. Oriel Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-85362-054-9.
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