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Kangchenjunga, also spelled Kanchenjunga, Kanchanjanghā and Khangchendzonga, is the third-highest mountain in the world. Its summit lies at 8,586 m (28,169 ft) in a section of the Himalayas, the Kangchenjunga Himal, which is bounded in the west by the Tamur River, in the north by the Lhonak River and Jongsang La, and in the east by the Teesta River. It lies in the border region between Koshi Province of Nepal and Sikkim state of India, with the two peaks West and Kangbachen in Nepal's Taplejung District and the other three peaks Main, Central and South directly on the border.
Lhotse is the fourth-highest mountain on Earth, after Mount Everest, K2, and Kangchenjunga. At an elevation of 8,516 metres (27,940 ft) above sea level, the main summit is on the border between Tibet Autonomous Region of China and the Khumbu region of Nepal.
Cho Oyu is the sixth-highest mountain in the world at 8,188 metres (26,864 ft) above sea level. Cho Oyu means "Turquoise Goddess" in Tibetan. The mountain is the westernmost major peak of the Khumbu sub-section of the Mahalangur Himalaya 20 km west of Mount Everest. The mountain stands on the China–Nepal border, between the Tibet Autonomous Region and Koshi Province.
The eight-thousanders are the 14 mountains recognized by the International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation (UIAA) as being more than 8,000 metres (26,247 ft) in height above sea level, and sufficiently independent of neighbouring peaks. There is no precise definition of the criteria used to assess independence, and at times, the UIAA has considered whether the list should be expanded to 20 mountain peaks by including the major satellite peaks of eight-thousanders. All of the eight-thousanders are located in the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges in Asia, and their summits lie in an altitude known as the death zone.
Manaslu is the eighth-highest mountain in the world at 8,163 metres (26,781 ft) above sea level. It is in the Mansiri Himal, part of the Nepalese Himalayas, in west-central Nepal. Manaslu means "mountain of the spirit" and the word is derived from the Sanskrit word manasa, meaning "intellect" or "soul". Manaslu was first climbed on May 9, 1956, by Toshio Imanishi and Gyalzen Norbu, members of a Japanese expedition. It is said that, given the many unsuccessful attempts by the British to climb Everest before Nepali Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary, "just as the British consider Everest their mountain, Manaslu has always been a Japanese mountain".
Broad Peak is one of the eight-thousanders, and is located in the Karakoram range spanning Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan and Xinjiang, China. It is the 12th highest mountain in the world with 8,051 metres (26,414 ft) elevation above sea level. The first ascent of this mountain was in June 1957, accomplished by Fritz Wintersteller, Marcus Schmuck, Kurt Diemberger, and Hermann Buhl as part of an Austrian expedition.
Shishapangma, or Shishasbangma or Xixiabangma, is the 14th-highest mountain in the world, at 8,027 metres (26,335 ft) above sea level. It is located entirely within Tibet. In 1964, it became the final eight-thousander to be climbed.
Józef Jerzy Kukuczka was a Polish mountaineer. He was born in Katowice, his family was ethnically Silesian Goral. On 18 September 1987, he became the second man to climb all fourteen eight-thousanders in the world; a feat which took him less than 8 years to accomplish. He climbed all, except Lhotse, by new routes or in winter. He is the only person to have climbed two eight-thousanders in one winter and his ascents of Cho Oyu, Kangchenjunga and Annapurna were first winter ascents. His ascent of K2 was made in alpine style with Tadeusz Piotrowski, that route has not had a second ascent in over 35 years. Reinhold Messner, upon hearing that Kukuczka had completed all fourteen 8000ers, wrote to him: "you are not second you are great", a line which is reproduced as the epigraph of Kukuczka book and the polish translation forms the title of a biography published in 2021.
Krzysztof Jerzy Wielicki is a Polish mountaineer, regarded as one of the greatest Polish climbers in history. He is the 5th man to climb all fourteen eight-thousanders and the first ever to climb Mount Everest, Kangchenjunga, and Lhotse in winter. He is a member of The Explorers Club.
Wanda Rutkiewicz was a Polish mountaineer and computer engineer. She was the first woman to reach the summit of K2 and the third woman to summit Mount Everest.
Alan Hinkes OBE is an English Himalayan high-altitude mountaineer from Northallerton in North Yorkshire. He is the first British mountaineer to claim all 14 Himalayan eight-thousanders, which he did on 30 May 2005.
Juan Eusebio Oiarzabal Urteaga, commonly known as Juanito Oiarzabal, is a noted Spanish Basque mountaineer. He has written four books on the subject. He was the 6th man to reach all 14 eight-thousander summits, and the third to do so without supplemental oxygen. He was the first person to climb the top three summits twice and the oldest climber to summit Kangchenjunga, at almost 53, until Carlos Fontan did so in 2014, at 75 years old. In 2004, he lost all his toes to frostbite after summiting K2.
Artur Henryk "Słon” Hajzer was a Polish mountaineer. Hajzer summitted seven eight-thousanders, several via new routes and made the first winter climb of Annapurna on February 3, 1987.
Andrew James Lock OAM is an Australian mountaineer. He became the first, and still remains the only, Australian to climb all 14 "eight-thousanders" on 2 October 2009, and is the 18th person to ever complete this feat. He climbed 13 of the 14 without bottled oxygen, only using it on Mount Everest, which he has summited three times. He retired from eight-thousander climbing in 2012.
Kinga Baranowska is a Polish mountaineer. She made ascents of nine eight-thousanders and is the first Polish woman to have climbed Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Kangchenjunga. She has also climbed the seven summits.
Iván Vallejo is a high-altitude mountaineer from Ecuador. On 1 May 2008, he became the 14th person to reach the summit of all 14 mountains above 8,000 meters, and the 7th without use of supplemental oxygen. He is the first, and still the only, Southern Hemisphere climber to complete all 14 eight-thousanders, without supplemental oxygen.
Zygmunt Andrzej Heinrich was a Polish mountaineer who made several ascents of eight-thousanders. He died in an avalanche on the northwest slopes of Mount Everest in 1989.
Denis Urubko is a Russian-Polish climber. In 2009, as a citizen of Kazakhstan he became the 15th person to climb all 14 eight-thousanders and the 8th person to achieve the feat without supplemental oxygen. He had Soviet citizenship, but after the dissolution of the Soviet Union he became a citizen of Kazakhstan, but renounced the citizenship in 2012. In 2013, he received Russian citizenship and on 12 February 2015 he received Polish citizenship.
References
- ↑ "Travesías de Carlos Carsolio - el Universal - Deportes". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2010. (in Spanish).
- 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Summit Journal '96: Ed Viesturs: Carlos Carsolio". Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 26 September 2008.
- ↑ "Top 11 Nhà Cái Uy Tín Nhất Việt Nam Và Thế Giới Hiện Nay". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ Scott, Doug; Alex MacIntyre (2000) [1984]. Shisha Pangma: The Alpine Style First Ascent of the South-West Face. Seattle, WA, USA: The Mountaineers Books. p. 305. ISBN 0-89886-723-1.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) (in Spanish). - ↑ "Nepal 1988". The Alpine Journal. 94: 263. 1989–90.
- ↑ ExplorersWeb (13 May 2005). "14 x 8000er correction: It's 5 – not 6 – without O2". Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
- ↑ "EverestHistory.com: Everest Summit 1989". Archived from the original on 18 May 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
- ↑ "Motivational Speaker: RICARDO TORRES-NAVA". Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
- ↑ "Everest - Fatilities". Archived from the original on 3 August 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ "Kangchenjunga". Archived from the original on 11 March 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ "AdventureStats - by Explorersweb". Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ "Broad Peak 8047m Austrian Karakoram Expedition 1957".
- ↑ "Carlos Carsolio y las alturas (III): "La montaña está viva" - Montañismo y Exploración". Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2010. (in Spanish).
- ↑ "ESPING". Archived from the original on 7 June 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
- ↑ "Motivational Speaker: Carlos Carsolio". Archived from the original on 12 December 2009. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
- ↑ Climbers. Carsolioeveresthistory.com Archived 18 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Andres Delgado and Alfonso de la Parra: Very Very bad news".
- ↑ "Se extravían en el Himalaya dos montañistas mexicanos - el Universal - Grafico" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
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