Carol J. Clover | |
---|---|
Born | |
Children | Joshua Clover |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | University of California, Berkeley |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Medieval studies,film studies |
Notable ideas | Final girl |
Carol Jeanne Clover (born July 31,1940) is an American professor of Medieval Studies (Early Northern Europe) and American Film at the University of California,Berkeley.
Clover has been widely published in her areas of expertise,and is the author of three books. [2] Clover's 1992 book, Men,Women,and Chainsaws:Gender in the Modern Horror Film ,achieved popularity beyond academe. [3] [4] Clover is credited with developing the "final girl" theory in the horror genre,which has changed both popular and academic conceptions of gender in horror films.
Clover is a featured expert in the film S&Man ,which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2006. [5]
Clover attended the University of California at Berkeley for both her undergraduate and graduate studies. In 1965,Clover was a Fulbright Fellow at Uppsala University in Sweden. From 1971 to 1977 Clover was an assistant professor at Harvard University before returning to Berkeley,where she became Class of 1936 Professor Emerita in the departments of rhetoric,film and Scandinavian. [6]
Clover has been awarded fellowships by the American Council of Learned Societies,as well as the Mellon,Guggenheim,and Rockefeller foundations. In 2001 she became the Hesselgren Distinguished Professor (Sweden). She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts &Sciences (elected 1995) and has honorary doctorates from Lund University (Sweden) and the University of Iceland. For her scholarly contributions to the study of early Icelandic culture,she was honored in 2018 by the president of Iceland with the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Falcon.
Feminist film theory is a theoretical film criticism derived from feminist politics and feminist theory influenced by second-wave feminism and brought about around the 1970s in the United States. With the advancements in film throughout the years feminist film theory has developed and changed to analyse the current ways of film and also go back to analyse films past. Feminists have many approaches to cinema analysis, regarding the film elements analyzed and their theoretical underpinnings.
The Texas Chain Saw Massacre is a 1974 American independent horror film produced, co-composed, and directed by Tobe Hooper, who co-wrote it with Kim Henkel. The film stars Marilyn Burns, Paul A. Partain, Edwin Neal, Jim Siedow, and Gunnar Hansen. The plot follows a group of friends who fall victim to a family of cannibals while on their way to visit an old homestead. The film was marketed as being based on true events to attract a wider audience and to act as a subtle commentary on the era's political climate. Although the character of Leatherface and minor story details were inspired by the crimes of murderer Ed Gein, its plot is largely fictional.
Sagas are prose stories and histories, composed in Iceland and to a lesser extent elsewhere in Scandinavia.
The Order of the Falcon is the only order of chivalry in Iceland, founded by King Christian X of Denmark and Iceland on 3 July 1921. The award is awarded for merit for Iceland and humanity and has five degrees. Nowadays, appointments are made on the nomination of the President of Iceland and that of a "five-member council."
Speculative and science fiction writers have often addressed the social, political, technological, and biological consequences of pregnancy and reproduction through the exploration of possible futures or alternative realities.
The final girl is a trope in horror films. It refers to the last girl(s) or woman alive to confront the killer, ostensibly the one left to tell the story. The final girl has been observed in many films, including Psycho, Voices of Desire, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, Halloween, Alien, Friday the 13th, A Nightmare on Elm Street, Scream, and Train to Busan. The term was coined by Carol J. Clover in her article "Her Body, Himself: Gender in the Slasher Film" (1987). Clover suggested that in these films, the viewer began by sharing the perspective of the killer, but experienced a shift in identification to the final girl partway through the film.
Joshua Clover is a writer and a professor of English and Comparative Literature at the University of California Davis.
Edward Oswald Gabriel Turville-Petre was an English philologist who specialized in Old Norse studies.
S&Man is a 2006 American pseudo-documentary film that examines the underground subculture of horror films. It contains interviews with filmmakers and other participants in the low budget indie horror scene, as well as film professor and author Carol J. Clover. The second half of the film also features a scripted plot, which stars comedian Erik Marcisak as the fictional filmmaker Eric Rost.
John Frederick Lindow is an American philologist who is Professor Emeritus of Old Norse and Folklore at University of California, Berkeley. He is a well known authority on Old Norse religion and literature.
Strengleikar is a collection of twenty-one Old Norse prose tales based on the Old French Lais of Marie de France. It is one of the literary works commissioned by King Haakon IV of Norway for the Norwegian court, and is counted among the Old Norse Chivalric sagas. The collection is anonymous. It has been attributed to Brother Robert, a cleric who adapted several French works into Norse under Haakon, the best known of which is Tristrams saga ok Ísöndar, but there is also reason to think that the collection may be a gathering of the work of several different translators. Unlike many medieval translations, the Strengleikar are generally extremely close in sense to the Old French originals; the text which differs most is Milun, which is abridged to half its original length.
Nitida saga or Nítíða saga is a fictional late medieval Icelandic romance saga thought to have been composed in Iceland in the fourteenth century. This saga is about a maiden-king named Nitida, who rules over France, and who is pursued by kings and princes from such faraway places as Constantinople, India, and a place the saga calls the Land of the Saracens. It is thought to be a direct response to Klári saga: in Klári saga, the main female protagonist, Serena, is brutally punished for her initial refusal to marry the hero Klárus, whereas the heroine of Nitida saga is portrayed much more favourably. Ethnicity, travel, and geography play important roles in the saga, and questions of gender and power, while magic, trickery, and deception are also prominent.
Margaret Beryl Clunies Ross is a medievalist who was until her retirement in 2009 the McCaughey Professor of English Language and Early English Literature and Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of Sydney. Her main research areas are Old Norse-Icelandic Studies and the history of their study. Since 1997 she has led the project of editing a new edition of the corpus of skaldic poetry. She has also written articles on Australian Aboriginal rituals and contributed to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Men, Women, and Chain Saws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film is a non-fiction book by American academic Carol J. Clover, published in 1992. The book is a cultural critique and investigation of gender in slasher films and the appeal of horror cinema, in particular the slasher, occult, and rape-revenge genres, from a feminist perspective. The book was nominated for the Bram Stoker Award for Best Non-Fiction in 1992.
The representation of gender in horror films, particularly depictions of women, has been the subject of critical commentary.
Margaret Schlauch was a scholar of medieval studies at New York University and later, after she left the United States for political reasons in 1951, at the University of Warsaw, where she headed the departments of English and General Linguistics. Her work covered many topics but included focuses on Chaucer, Anglo-Saxon, and Old Norse literature.
Roberta Frank is an American philologist specializing in Old English and Old Norse language and literature. She is the Marie Borroff Professor Emeritus of English at Yale University.
Lars Lönnroth is a Swedish literary scholar.
Marijane Osborn is an American academic. Her research spans literary disciplines; she is a specialist in Old English and Norse literature and is known as an early pioneer of ecocriticism. Osborn has published on runes, Middle English, Victorian and contemporary poets and writers, and film, and is a translator and fiction writer. She is Professor Emerita at UC Davis.
Aðalheiður Guðmundsdóttir is an Icelandic professor of medieval Icelandic literature at the University of Iceland.
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