The Lecanoraceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. Species of this family have a widespread distribution.
Bacidia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846.
Lithographa is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Xylographaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1857 by Finnish botanist William Nylander, with Lithographa petraea assigned as the type species. This species is now known as Lithographa tesserata.
Herteliana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It contains four species of crustose lichens.
Cliostomum is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. It has about 25 species.
Protopannaria is a genus of seven species of lichenized fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The genus was originally circumscribed as a subgenus of the genus Pannaria by Hungarian lichenologist Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik. Per Magnus Jørgensen and Stefan Ekman promoted Protopannaria to full status as a genus in 2000.
Arthothelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arthoniaceae.
Carbonea is a genus of fungi in the family Lecanoraceae. Most of the species grow on lichens. The genus is widespread, and contains 20 species. Carbonea was originally circumscribed as a subgenus of Lecidea in 1967 before it was promoted to generic status in 1983.
Xenolecia is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) and crustose lichens in the family Lecideaceae. It has two species: X. cataractarum, and the type species, X. spadicomma. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Hannes Hertel in 1987 to contain the type, a lichen known at that time only from the type locality on Wellington Island, Chile. Its range has since been expanded to include the Falkland Islands and northern Patagonia. X. cataractarum, found in Campbell Island, New Zealand was added to the genus in 2017.
Rhizocarpon is a genus of crustose, saxicolous, lecideoid lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae. The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions. They are commonly known as map lichens because of the prothallus forming border-like bands between colonies in some species, like the common map lichen.
Megalaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. It contains 44 species of crustose lichens, the majority of which grow on bark.
Tephromela is a genus of lichens in the family Tephromelataceae. There are about 25 species in this widespread genus.
Catillaria is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Catillariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. It is the type genus of Catillariaceae, which was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner in 1984.
Solenopsora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Catillariaceae. It has 15 species, with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.
Xenolecia cataractarum is a species of saxicolous and crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It is only known to occur on Campbell Island, New Zealand.
Oliver Gilbert was an urban ecologist and lichenologist. He was a reader in landscape ecology at Sheffield University. He was one of the early users of lichens as indicators of air pollution, and also studied the ecology and diversity of wildlife in urban areas.
Catillaria gilbertii is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Catillariaceae. It is found in the Central Highlands of Scotland.
Protopannaria campbellensis is a rare species of lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It is found in the southern New Zealand shelf islands. It is unique due to its specific structure and lack of lichen products, which are typically found in related species. The lichen is found in wet grasslands and upland peat bogs.
Bryobilimbia austrosaxicola is a species of crustose lichen within the family Lecideaceae. This species is closely related to Bryobilimbia australis, distinguishable by its saxicolous (rock-dwelling) nature, presenting with a brown, rather than violaceous, epihymenium, and ascospores that have a single septum.
Gilbertaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sphaerophoraceae, comprising four species of crustose lichens found primarily in arctic and alpine environments. The genus is characterised by its thin, crust-like growth on rocks and dead plant material, black button-like reproductive structures (apothecia), and frequent association with blue-green algae of the genus Stigonema. Molecular studies published in 2022 revealed that several previously misunderstood species, formerly classified in different genera, formed a distinct evolutionary lineage. The genus is unique within its family as the only member with a crustose growth form, and is named in honour of the British lichenologist Oliver Gilbert. Most species occur in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in areas where snow persists late into the growing season, with one species known from the Falkland Islands.
