Charles Hastings Judd | |
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Chamberlain to the Royal Household | |
In office July 6, 1878 –August 1886 | |
Monarch | Kalākaua |
Personal details | |
Born | Honolulu,Oahu,Kingdom of Hawaii | September 8,1835
Died | April 18,1890 54) Kualoa Ranch,Oahu,Kingdom of Hawaii | (aged
Resting place | Oahu Cemetery |
Spouse | Emily Catherine Cutts (m. 1859) |
Relations | Albert Francis Judd (brother) |
Children | 4 |
Parents | |
Alma mater | |
Occupation | Politician, businessman, rancher |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Kingdom of Hawaii |
Branch/service |
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Years of service | 1863–1886 |
Rank |
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Colonel Charles Hastings Judd (September 8, 1835 – April 18, 1890) was a Hawaiian businessman, rancher, courtier and politician who was born, lived, worked and died in the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served as chamberlain and colonel of the military staff of King Kalākaua and traveled with the monarch on his 1881 world tour.
Charles Hastings Judd was born September 8, 1835, at the Old Mission Home across the street from the modern Hawaiian Mission Houses Historic Site in Honolulu. He was the fourth child and second son of American missionaries Gerrit P. Judd and Laura Fish Judd. Charles' younger twin sister was also named Laura Fish Judd (1835–1888) and his father, who had worked as a missionary physician, resigned his post to work as a political advisor and cabinet minister to King Kamehameha III. [1] [2] Charles' younger brother Albert Francis Judd served as Chief Justice of the Hawaii Supreme Court. [3]
Judd was educated at Punahou School from 1842 to 1849 before attending the Royal School when the children of cabinet ministers were admitted to the institution. His classmates included fellow missionary descendant William Nevins Armstrong and the future King Kalākaua, both of whom developed a lifelong friendship with Judd during their childhood. From 1854 to 1856, Judd returned to Punahou and traveled with his mother and two sisters to the United States via the Isthmus of Panama to visit his relatives in 1855. [4] [5]
From 1859, Charles Judd engaged in guano mining for the American Guano Company on Jarvis Island and Baker Island, which were made American possession by the Guano Islands Act of 1858. On November 1, 1859, he married Emily Catherine Cutts of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in Honolulu. [4] Cutts was in Hawaii to visit her aunt Catherine Whitney, wife of Henry Martyn Whitney. [1] The Judds lived on Baker Island from 1860 to 1861 and served as an agent for the American Guano Company. [4]
After returning to Oahu, Judd and his brother-in-law Samuel Gardner Wilder engaged in agriculture and purchased plantations on the island's eastern coast, including Kualoa, which was previously owned by Judd's father, and Kaalua, where they grew tobacco, cotton, rice, and sugarcane. This venture ended in 1871. Judd also partnered in ranching with John Adams Cummins at Waimānalo. [4] In 1866, Judd purchased Rosebank, the Honolulu residence of Robert Crichton Wyllie, and resettled in the city with his family. [4]
Charles Judd served in many political and court posts during the monarchy. He worked a number of governmental jobs as commissioner of private ways and water rights, marriage license agent, commissioner of fences in Oahu, and tax collector for Koolaupoko. In 1868, Judd was elected to the House of Representatives in the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii and served during the sessions from 1868 to 1873. [6] [7] He also held many honorary military ranks in the Hawaiian military; he was appointed Captain of the Honolulu Cavalry in 1863 and elevated to the rank of Major in 1866 during the reign of Kamehameha V. After his election to the House of Representatives, Lunalilo appointed Judd a colonel on his military staff and Judd served as adjutant general of the Household Guards. [6] On September 7, 1873, the Royal Guards mutinied at ʻIolani Barracks due to their resentment of Judd and the Hungarian drillmaster Captain Joseph Jajczay. Unable to control their subordinates, Judd and Jajczay were beaten and attacked by the angry troops and a demand for their removal was sent to the king. Lunalilo responded by disbanding the military unit, leaving Hawaii without a standing army for the remainder of his reign. [8] [9] [10]
After Lunalilo's death and the monarchical election of 1874 that followed, Judd openly supported Queen Dowager Emma's candidacy for the throne against Kalākaua but switched sides after Kalākaua's victory over Emma in the legislative vote, which gained him the distrust of the king's sister Liliuokalani. [11] During the reign of Kalākaua, in 1874, Judd was reappointed to the King's Staff as a colonel. [6] Kalākaua also appointed Judd to serve on his Privy Council of State, the monarch's advisory council. On September 8, 1879, he was appointed a member of the House of Nobles, the upper house of the legislature, and served in this legislative post during the session from 1880 to 1886. He also served as Commissioner of Crown Lands from 1878 and member of the Board of Health from 1880. [6] [12] On July 6, 1878, he was appointed the King's Chamberlain and served as his private secretary. [6] Edward William Purvis served as his vice-chamberlain. [13]
In this capacity, Judd traveled with Kalākaua on his 1881 world tour along with their childhood classmate Armstrong and Colonel George W. Macfarlane, the king's aide-de-camp. [14] [15] Judd's dark complexion and physical resemblance to Kalākaua led a few people, including Qing politician Li Hongzhang to mistake him for a Native Hawaiian, and the 5th Earl Spencer mistook him for the king. [16] According to the Evening Star, a Washington, D. C. newspaper, "Col. Judd looks very much like Kalakaua, except that he wears a moustache simply. He was born in the islands, of New York parentage, but is burned as brown as a nut." [17]
During this trip, Judd received many decorations from foreign governments. [4] Along with Kalākaua, he was made an honorary member of the Pacific Yacht Club in Sausalito, California. [18] In Japan, he was bestowed with the Order of the Rising Sun. [19] Judd was voted into the Freemasonry brotherhood at Perseverance Lodge No 1165 in Hong Kong [20] and was bestowed with the masonry third degree at the Lodge Zetland in the East, No. 548, in Singapore. [21] In Siam, he received the Knight Grand Cross of the Crown of Siam, Third Class. [22] At the 1883 coronation of Kalākaua and Kapiolani, Judd served as Lord High Chamberlain while his wife served as lady-in-waiting to the queen. [23]
After a disagreement about the king's increased expenditure, Judd was removed from the office of Chamberlain in August 1886. This was stated as a resignation in public announcements but Judd had been removed by the administration of Prime Minister Walter M. Gibson for disagreeing with Gibson's cabinet. Curtis P. Iaukea was appointed to succeed Judd as Chamberlain to the Royal Household. Judd regarded his removal from office as a "defection of the king, a lifelong friend, [which] preyed upon his mind with devastating effect and his health". [4] [24]
Judd resigned from politics, and devoted his time to business and managing property. He moved his family from Honolulu to the Leilehua Ranch house, which he co-owned with the king, and in 1889 to the Kualoa Ranch, [4] where he died on April 18, 1890. He was buried at Oahu Cemetery in Honolulu. [25] [26]
Charles Judd married Emily Catherine Cutts (March 19, 1840 – May 2, 1921) on November 1, 1859, and they had four children: [1] [4]
Gerrit Parmele Judd was an American physician and missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii who later renounced his American citizenship and became a trusted advisor and cabinet minister to King Kamehameha III.
Kalākaua, sometimes called The Merrie Monarch, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, reigning from February 12, 1874, until his death in 1891. Succeeding Lunalilo, he was elected to the vacant throne of Hawaiʻi against Queen Emma. Kalākaua had a convivial personality and enjoyed entertaining guests with his singing and ukulele playing. At his coronation and his birthday jubilee, the hula, which had hitherto been banned in public in the kingdom, became a celebration of Hawaiian culture.
Lunalilo was the sixth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from his election on January 8, 1873, until his death a year later.
ʻIolani Barracks, or hale koa in Hawaiian, was built in 1870, designed by the architect Theodore Heuck, under the direction of King Lot Kapuaiwa. Located directly adjacent to ʻIolani Palace in downtown Honolulu, it housed about 80 members of the monarch's Royal Guard until the overthrow of the Monarchy in 1893. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 as part of the Hawaii Capital Historic District.
William Pitt Leleiohoku II, born Kalahoʻolewa, was a prince of the Hawaiian Kingdom and member of the reigning House of Kalākaua.
Colonel Curtis Piʻehu Iaukea served as a court official, army officer and diplomat of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He later became an influential official for the subsequent regimes of the Provisional Government and the Republic and the Territory of Hawaii.
Luther Aholo was a politician who served many political posts in the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served multiple terms as a legislator from Maui and Minister of the Interior from 1886 to 1887. Considered one of the leading Hawaiian politicians of his generation, his skills as an orator were compared to those of the Ancient Greek statesman Solon.
John Mākini Kapena was a politician, diplomat and newspaper editor who served many political roles in the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served as Governor of Maui from 1874 to 1876, Minister of Finance from 1876 to 1878 and again from 1883 to 1886, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1878 to 1880, Postmaster General from 1881 to 1883 and Collector General of Customs from 1886 to 1887. From 1874 to 1875, he accompanied King Kalākaua on his state visit to the United States to negotiate the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875. In 1882, he traveled to Tokyo as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Japan to negotiate Japanese immigration to Hawaii.
John Tamatoa Baker, also given as John Timoteo Baker, was a Hawaiian politician, businessman, and rancher who served many political posts in the Kingdom of Hawaii, including Governor of the Island of Hawaii from 1892 to 1893. Baker and his brother became the models for the Kamehameha Statues.
The Lunalilo Mausoleum is the final resting place of Hawaii's sixth monarch King Lunalilo and his father Charles Kanaʻina on the ground of the Kawaiahaʻo Church, in Downtown Honolulu on the Hawaiian Island of Oʻahu.
Paul Nahaolelua was a Hawaiian high chief who served many political posts in the Kingdom of Hawaii, including Governor of Maui from 1852 to 1874. In his long political career, Nahaolelua served under the reigns of five monarchs: Kamehameha III, Kamehameha IV and Kamehameha V, Lunalilo and Kalākaua.
Arthur Porter Peterson was a lawyer and politician of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served two separate terms as Attorney General of Hawaii and was a member of Queen Liliuokalani's last cabinet before the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was arrested and jailed by the Republic of Hawaii in the aftermath of the 1895 Counter-Revolution and then exiled to San Francisco where he died of pneumonia.
William Nevins Armstrong, aka Nevins Armstrong and aka W. N. Armstrong, was the Attorney General of Hawaii during the reign of King David Kalākaua. He is most widely known outside of Hawaii for the book Around the World with a King, his insider account of Kalākaua's 1881 world tour.
Edward Creamor Macfarlane, also known as Ned Macfarlane, was a politician of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served as Minister of Finance during the reign of Queen Liliuokalani, and was one of her trusted political advisors during the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
George Walter Hunter Macfarlane was a British businessman, courtier and politician of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served Colonel of the military staff of King Kalākaua, traveling with the monarch on his 1881 world tour. He also served as his final chamberlain of king and was at his deathbed in 1891.
Robert Napuʻuako Boyd was a Native Hawaiian insurgent leader during the latter years of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Educated under the government-funded study program of King Kalākaua, he attended the Royal Naval Academy at Livorno in Italy. He became a friend of Robert William Wilcox, another Hawaiian student enrolled at Turin. They were both recalled back in Hawaii after the government stopped funding their education. Back home, he participated with Wilcox in the unsuccessful Wilcox rebellion of 1889 aimed at restoring political power to the king.
Kalākaua, the last king of Hawaii, died on January 20, 1891, while visiting in California. President Benjamin Harrison ordered the United States Navy and United States Army to conduct a state funeral in San Francisco. The funeral attracted an estimated 100,000 spectators who lined the streets to watch the cortege pass. When the United States military escorted his body back to Honolulu, no one knew Kalākaua had died. The homecoming celebration that Honolulu had been planning for their monarch was replaced by funeral preparations. He received a second state funeral in the throne room of Iolani Palace, entirely in the Hawaiian language, and was laid to rest at the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii. News reports stated that the Honolulu funeral cortege was so massive it took 75 minutes for its entirety to pass any given point.
Following the January 20, 1891 death of King Kalākaua in San Francisco, his embalmed body arrived at Honolulu Harbor aboard the USS Charleston, draped in black with its ensigns at half mast. His sister Liliʻuokalani was designated his successor.
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