Charles S. Bryan | |
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Born | Charles Stone Bryan 1942 (age 81–82) |
Nationality | American |
Education | |
Occupation | Professor of internal medicine |
Known for |
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Medical career | |
Profession | Physician and medical historian |
Institutions | University of South Carolina School of Medicine (UofSC) |
Research | |
Awards | Order of the Palmetto (2013) |
Charles Stone Bryan (born 1942) is an American retired infectious disease physician, researcher, author and Heyward Gibbes distinguished professor emeritus of internal medicine at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine (UofSC). His contributions to medicine have included working on a formula for administering the maximum possible dose of penicillin to people with kidney failure which would treat the infection and avoid penicillin toxicity, and treating and writing on HIV/AIDS. He is also a noted medical historian and an authority on the life of William Osler.
He is a Master of the American College of Physicians, and has been president of the South Carolina Infectious Diseases Society, the American Osler Society and the Columbia Medical Society. His awards include the American Osler Society's Lifetime Achievement Award in 2010 and the Order of the Palmetto in 2013.
Bryan's publications include Osler: Inspirations from a Great Physician (1997), Infectious Diseases in Primary Care (2002), and Asylum Doctor; James Woods Babcock and the Red Plague of Pellagra (2014), the result of 15 years of research.
Charles Bryan, known also as "Charley", [1] was born and brought up in Columbia, South Carolina. [2] His father, Leon S. Bryan, was a physician who graduated from the Medical College of South Carolina during the Depression. [2] [3] His mother, Mary Morrill Leadbeater Bryan, was the daughter of John Leadbeater, Jr. (1872-1917), one of the last proprietors of the Stabler Leadbeater Apothecary in Alexandria, Virginia. Mary L. Bryan was a founding member of the League of Women Voters chapter in Columbia, South Carolina, and served as president of the South Carolina state chapter of the League of Women Voters from 1961 to 1963. [4]
Charles attended Dreher High School and then Harvard College. [5] At Harvard, he spent some time under sociologist David Riesman and wrote on slavery on a South Carolina rice plantation. This became the start of Bryan's parallel career in medical history. [6]
In 1963, he transferred to the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, taking a copy of William Osler's inspirational addresses, Aequanimitas , given to him by his father. [5] [3] Here, he approached historian David Donald and developed his slavery paper into a thesis and during one summer break, he worked on a project on bloodletting under historian Owsei Temkin. [6] In 1966, he received a traveling scholarship in the history of medicine by the University of Kansas. This took him to London where he continued further studies of bloodletting and also visited The Doctor by Luke Fildes at the Tate Gallery. [3]
In 1967 he completed his five years of medical education and received both a BA and MD. [5] [7]
In 1974, he returned to Columbia after completing training at both the Johns Hopkins and the Vanderbilt University Medical Center and then entered private practice in internal medicine and infectious diseases. In 1977, he became a charter faculty member at the UofSC, where he has served as director of the Division of Infectious Diseases between 1977 and 1993, chair of the Department of Medicine between 1992 and 2000, and director of the Center for bioethics and medical humanities from 2000. [7]
In the early 1970s, Bryan and nephrologist Bill Stone worked out a formula for administering the maximum possible dose of penicillin to a person in kidney failure which would treat the infection while avoiding penicillin toxicity. [2] [8] [9]
He served as a hospital epidemiologist at a number of hospitals in the Columbia area. For the care of patients with HIV/AIDS, a disease Bryan has treated and written on and stressed the importance of understanding the social and historical context of, [10] he was the principal founder of the Midlands Care Consortium in South Carolina. [7] He also contributed to South Carolina's early response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. [11]
In 2020, he published Sir William Osler: An Encyclopedia, which included contributions from 135 authors. [12] [13] [14]
Bryan is a master of the American College of Physicians, a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and Royal College of Physicians, London, a fellow the Infectious Diseases Society of America, a co-founder and past president of the South Carolina Infectious Diseases Society, and a past president of the Columbia Medical Society and of the Waring Library Society. He is a member of a number of medical organizations including the American Clinical and Climatological Association, the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases and the American Osler Society, of which he is a past president. [7] [15]
Bryan is the recipient of a number of awards including;
In April 2012, Bryan was inducted into the Society of St. Luke at Providence Hospital, Columbia. [21] In 2013 he received the Order of the Palmetto. [19]
The Association of Professors of Medicine created the Charles S. Bryan Dinner in recognition of his contributions to that organization. [7] In 2002, a portrait of Bryan was completed by artist Tarleton Blackwell. It was based on a photograph taken in 1994, in Osler's study at 13 Norham Gardens, Oxford. [7] In 2003, the Charles S. Bryan History of Medicine Room at the University of South Carolina was named in his honor, [5] and the same institution also created the Charles S. Bryan Scholar Award to recognize each year an outstanding internal medicine resident. [7] In 2017, the South Carolina chapter of the American College of Physicians created the Charles S. Bryan Lecture in the Humanities. [22]
Bryan is married to the former Donna Hennessee, who founded the Seeds of Hope Farmers Market Project in South Carolina. [23] [24]
Bryan has authored a number of works on the pharmacology of antibiotics, bloodstream infections, and hospital-acquired infections as well as on the history of medicine, particularly relating to Sir William Osler, on whom he is considered an authority. He has made over 500 contributions to medical literature including writing 12 books. [1] In 2020, he led the creation of William Osler: An Encyclopedia. [25]
His books include:
Between 1977 and 2012, he was editor of the Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association and in addition he has reviewed for a number of other medical journals, [7] including Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology . [32]
He has authored a landmark article on the over-prescribing of antibiotics. [19]
Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin. His discovery in 1928 of what was later named benzylpenicillin from the mould Penicillium rubens has been described as the "single greatest victory ever achieved over disease". For this discovery, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents. The primary stage classically presents with a single chancre though there may be multiple sores. In secondary syphilis, a diffuse rash occurs, which frequently involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There may also be sores in the mouth or vagina. In latent syphilis, which can last for years, there are few or no symptoms. In tertiary syphilis, there are gummas, neurological problems, or heart symptoms. Syphilis has been known as "the great imitator" as it may cause symptoms similar to many other diseases.
Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as streptococcal sore throat, is pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram-positive, group A streptococcus. Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the front of the neck. A headache and nausea or vomiting may also occur. Some develop a sandpaper-like rash which is known as scarlet fever. Symptoms typically begin one to three days after exposure and last seven to ten days.
Sir William Osler, 1st Baronet, was a Canadian physician and one of the "Big Four" founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital. Osler created the first residency program for specialty training of physicians, and he was the first to bring medical students out of the lecture hall for bedside clinical training. He has frequently been described as the Father of Modern Medicine and one of the "greatest diagnosticians ever to wield a stethoscope". In addition to being a physician he was a bibliophile, historian, author, and renowned practical joker. He was passionate about medical libraries and medical history, having founded the History of Medicine Society, at the Royal Society of Medicine, London. He was also instrumental in founding the Medical Library Association of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Association of Medical Librarians along with three other people, including Margaret Charlton, the medical librarian of his alma mater, McGill University. He left his own large history of medicine library to McGill, where it became the Osler Library.
Pharyngitis is inflammation of the back of the throat, known as the pharynx. It typically results in a sore throat and fever. Other symptoms may include a runny nose, cough, headache, difficulty swallowing, swollen lymph nodes, and a hoarse voice. Symptoms usually last 3–5 days, but can be longer depending on cause. Complications can include sinusitis and acute otitis media. Pharyngitis is a type of upper respiratory tract infection.
Martin Henry Dawson was a Canadian researcher who made important contributions in the fields of infectious diseases.
Joseph Goldberger was an American physician and epidemiologist in the United States Public Health Service (PHS). As a public health official, he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. His early work with arriving immigrants at Ellis Island made him a standout investigator for detecting infectious diseases and he became a well-known epidemiologist.
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Ray Fletcher Farquharson was a Canadian medical doctor, university professor, and medical researcher. Born in Claude, Ontario, he attended and taught at the University of Toronto for most of his life, and was trained and employed at Toronto General Hospital. With co-researcher Arthur Squires, Farquharson was responsible for the discovery of the Farquharson phenomenon, an important principle of endocrinology, which is that administering external hormones suppresses the natural production of that hormone.
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Stephen E. Straus was an American physician, immunologist, virologist and science administrator. He is particularly known for his research into human herpesviruses and chronic fatigue syndrome, and for his discovery of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome genetic disorder. He headed the Laboratory of Clinical Investigation of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and served as the founding director of the NIH's National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Louis Westenra Sambon was an Italian-English physician who played important roles in understanding the causes (etiology) of diseases. He described many pathogenic protozoans, insects, and helminths including the name Schistosoma mansoni for a blood fluke. He was an authority on the classification of parasitic tongue worms called Pentastomida (Linguatulida), and one of the genus Sambonia is named after him.
The American Osler Society is an organisation dedicated to the history of medicine and focuses on the "life, teachings, and ethical example of Sir William Osler". It works in co-operation with the Osler Library of the History of Medicine at McGill University and consists of a group of physicians, medical historians, and other related professions united by "the common purpose of keeping alive the memory of Sir William Osler".
Bill Stone, was a nephrologist at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. He was head of the kidney department at the Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, part of the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, for over 45 years. There, in the 1970s, he began the first dialysis treatments that could be performed both in a healthcare setting and at home. During this time he helped work out how to administer safe doses of penicillin to people with kidney failure, who otherwise might develop toxic levels of penicillin in their blood.
Aequanimitas was one of Sir William Osler's most famous essays, delivered to new doctors in 1889 as his farewell address at the Pennsylvania School of Medicine, prior to his transfer to Johns Hopkins. It was published in the same year and in 1904 appeared in his collection of essays titled Aequanimitas with Other Addresses to Medical Students, Nurses and Practitioners of Medicine. A second edition was produced in 1906, and a third in 1932. In the essay, Osler advocates two qualities "imperturbability" and "equanimity", which he defined as "coolness and presence of mind under all circumstances".
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