Bolitoglossa is a genus of lungless salamanders, also called mushroom-tongued salamanders, tropical climbing salamanders, or web-footed salamanders, in the family Plethodontidae. Their range is between northern Mexico through Central America to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, northeastern Brazil, and central Bolivia. Neotropical salamanders of the Bolitoglossa make up the largest genus in the order Caudata, consisting of approximately one-fifth of all known species of salamanders. Adult salamanders range anywhere from 45mm to 200mm in length depending on their specific species. They are notorious for their ability to project their tongue at prey items, as indicated from their name. They are also known for their webbed feet, having significantly more webbing than any other species outside their genus with the exception of the cave-dwelling Mexican bolitoglossine Chiropterotriton magnipes. Although webbed feet are a common characteristic of these salamanders, only about half of the species in this genus contain webbed feet.
The arboreal splayfoot salamander, or arboreal flat-footed salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico where it is only found near its type locality near Tianguistengo in Hidalgo state. Its natural habitats are humid pine-oak and cloud forests at elevations of 1,900–2,100 m (6,200–6,900 ft) above sea level. It lives in bromeliads. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The common splayfoot salamander or common flat-footed salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the Huatusco–Xalapa region of Veracruz, Mexico. Several unnamed species might exist under this name.
The dwarf splayfoot salamander, also known as the dwarf flat-footed salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to southern Hidalgo, Mexico.
The pygmy splayfoot salamander, also known as the pygmy flat-footed salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the central-western Veracruz state, Mexico. Its natural habitats are pine-oak and cloud forests at about 1,200 m (3,900 ft) altitude. It lives in bromeliads. It is threatened by severe habitat loss caused by logging and mining.
The bigfoot splayfoot salamander, also known as the big-footed salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and only known from north-eastern Queretaro, at elevations of 1,300–1,810 m (4,270–5,940 ft) asl.
The cave splayfoot salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico, specifically in the Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests of the northern region of Hidalgo, Mexico. The species was thought to be extinct for over 70 years since its first observation and a study of five salamanders made by Robert Livingston and Harold T. Woodall in 1937. In 2010, this species was spotted for the first time since its 1941 description by Dr. Sean Rovito who identified two individuals during his search for other lost amphibian species.
The toothy splayfoot salamander, also known as the toothy salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the Sierra Madre Oriental of southeastern Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, and south-central San Luis Potosí, at elevations of 1,070–2,440 m (3,510–8,010 ft) asl.
The Chignahuapan splayfoot salamander, also known as Cope's flat-footed salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the southern and eastern margins of the Mexican Plateau between northern Morelos and northern Puebla. It was removed from the synonymy of Chiropterotriton chiropterus in 1994; unnamed species may also exist in this species complex.
The terrestrial splayfoot salamander, also known as the terrestrial flat-footed salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Hidalgo state, Mexico. Its natural habitats are humid pine–oak and cloud forests. It is threatened by habitat loss due to deforestation and the potential spread of amphibian pathogens due to the illegal pet trade.
Dendrotriton or bromeliad salamanders is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae, endemic to South and Central America: from Southwestern Chiapas, Mexico, to Honduras. These are lungless species possessing a slender body, long tail and prominent eyes. They inhabit high-elevation forests with high humidity.
Gyrinophilus, the spring salamanders, are a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. The genus is endemic to the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States and Canada. Their habitat is under rocks in cold, clear springs, in wet caves, and in streams in forested areas.
Parvimolge is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae, the lungless salamanders. It is currently considered as monotypic, although this may yet change as molecular data suggest that it is embedded within a paraphyletic Pseudoeurycea. Parvimolge townsendi is endemic to the northern Sierra Madre de Oaxaca in central and southern Veracruz, Mexico, between 900 and 1900 meters elevation. It is represented by the species Parvimolge townsendi, commonly known as Townsend's dwarf salamander.
Thorius arboreus, commonly known as the arboreal minute salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The specific name arboreus, derives from the Latin word arbor, meaning tree, referring to the arboreal habitat of this species.
Thorius, also known as minute salamanders, pigmy salamanders, or Mexican pigmy salamanders, is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are endemic to Mexico and found in southern Veracruz and Puebla to Guerrero and Oaxaca.
Thorius aureus, the golden thorius, is a species of salamander in the genus Thorius, the Mexican pigmy salamanders, part of the lungless salamander family. It is endemic to mountainous areas of north central Oaxaca State in Mexico. It is one of the largest Thorius species.
Isthmura is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are endemic to Mexico. The genus, which corresponds to the former "Pseudoeurycea bellii species group" and was first described as a subgenus of Pseudoeurycea, was raised to full generic level in 2015 in order to preserve Ixalotriton and Bolitoglossa while avoiding paraphyly of Pseudoeurycea.
Chiropterotriton aureus, the Atzalan golden salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the Chiconquiaco region of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Veracruz, Mexico. It has been found in a heavily degraded cloud forest habitat with large numbers of arboreal bromeliads over oak trees.
The cloud forest salamander from Cofre de Perote is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Cofre de Perote in central Veracruz, Mexico, where it is known from arboreal bromeliads in cloud forests with low to moderate disturbance.
Chiropterotriton casasi, also known as the Tlapacoyan salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It was last seen in 1969, and is possibly extinct.
