Saint Chromatius | |
|---|---|
 Saint Sebastianus and Saint Chromatius | |
| Born | 4th Century Aquileia |
| Died | 406/407 |
| Venerated in | Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Feast | 2 December |
Chromatius (died c. 406/407 AD) was a bishop of Aquileia.
He was probably born at Aquileia, and grew up there. [1] His father died when Chromatius was an infant. He was raised by his mother and his large group of older siblings.
He was ordained a priest of that church in 381 and participated in the small Synod of Aquileia organized by Ambrose of Milan. After the death of Valerianus in 388, Chromatius became bishop of Aquileia. He was one of the most celebrated prelates of his time and was in active correspondence with contemporaries Ambrose, Jerome, and Tyrannius Rufinus. [1] He baptized Rufinus and became something of a mentor to him. [2]
As a scholarly theologian, he urged these friends to produce learned works. Ambrose was encouraged by him to write exegetical works; Jerome dedicated to him translations and commentaries, which he had written at his suggestion (translations of the Books of Paralipomenon, Tobit, the books of Solomon, commentaries on the Prophecy of Habakkuk). [1] Chromatius helped finance Jerome's work. [2]
In the bitter quarrel between Jerome and Rufinus concerning Origenism, Chromatius, while rejecting the doctrines of Origen of Alexandria, attempted to make peace between the disputants. He maintained ecclesiastical communion with Rufinus and induced him not to answer the last attack of St. Jerome, but to devote himself to new literary works, especially to the translation of the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius. [2]
Chromatius opposed Arianism with much zeal and rooted it out in his diocese. He gave steadfast support to John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, when he was unjustly oppressed, and wrote in his favour to Honorius, the Western emperor, who sent this letter to his brother, Arcadius. This intervention, however, proved to be of no avail.
Chromatius was also active as an exegete. Until modern times only seventeen treatises were known to be authored by him on the Gospel according to Matthew (iii, 15–17; v-vi, 24), besides a fine homily on the Eight Beatitudes (counted as an eighteenth treatise). In 1969 researcher Henri Lemarié discovered and published thirty-eight sermons. [3]
His feast is celebrated on 2 December.
Origen of Alexandria, also known as Origen Adamantius, was an early Christian scholar, ascetic, and theologian who was born and spent the first half of his career in Alexandria. He was a prolific writer who wrote roughly 2,000 treatises in multiple branches of theology, including textual criticism, biblical exegesis and hermeneutics, homiletics, and spirituality. He was one of the most influential and controversial figures in early Christian theology, apologetics, and asceticism. He has been described as "the greatest genius the early church ever produced".
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Aelred of Rievaulx, O Cist. ; also Ailred, Ælred, and Æthelred; was an English Cistercian monk, abbot of Rievaulx from 1147 until his death, and known as a writer. He is regarded by Anglicans and Catholics as a saint.
Tyrannius Rufinus, also called Rufinus of Aquileia (344/345–411), was a monk, philosopher, historian, and theologian who worked to translate Greek patristic material, especially the work of Origen, into Latin.
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Saint Pamphilus, was a presbyter of Caesarea and chief among the biblical scholars of his generation. He was the friend and teacher of Eusebius of Caesarea, who recorded details of his career in a three-book Vita that has been lost.
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The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an episcopal see and ecclesiastical province in northeastern Italy, originally centered in the ancient city of Aquileia, situated near the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It emerged in the 4th century as a metropolitan province, with jurisdiction over the Italian region of Venetia et Histria. In the second half of the 6th century, metropolitan bishops of Aquileia started to use the patriarchal title. Their residence was moved to Grado in 568, after the Lombard conquest of Aquileia. In 606, an internal schism occurred, and since that time there were two rival lines of Aquileian patriarchs: one in New Aquileia (Grado) with jurisdiction over the Byzantine-controlled coastal regions, and the other in Old Aquileia. The first line (Grado) continued until 1451, while the second line continued until 1751. Patriarchs of the second line were also feudal lords of the Patriarchal State of Aquileia. A number of Aquileian church councils were held during the late antiquity and throughout the middle ages. Today, it is an titular archiepiscopal see.
The Aquileian Rite was a particular liturgical tradition of the Patriarchate of Aquileia and hence called the ritus patriarchinus. It was effectively replaced by the Roman Rite by the beginning of the seventeenth century, although elements of it survived in St. Mark's Basilica in Venice until 1807.
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The Origenist crises or Origenist controversies are two major theological controversies in early Christianity involving the teachings of followers of the third-century Alexandrian theologian Origen.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Chromatius". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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