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Catocala is a generally Holarctic genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. The moths are commonly known as underwing moths or simply underwings. These terms are sometimes used for a few related moths, but usually – especially when used in plural, not as part of a species name – they are used to refer to Catocala only.
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
The Cossidae, the cossid millers or carpenter millers, make up a family of mostly large miller moths. This family contains over 110 genera with almost 700 known species, and many more species await description. Carpenter millers are nocturnal Lepidoptera found worldwide, except the Southeast Asian subfamily Ratardinae, which is mostly active during the day.
Saturnia is a genus of large moths in the family Saturniidae, which the German biologist Franz Paula von Schrank first described in 1802. Its members are commonly named emperor moths, though this is also used for various close relatives in subfamily Saturniinae. Most species are Palearctic, but three, commonly called saturnia moths, inhabit the chaparral of California: S. mendocino, S. walterorum, and S. albofasciata.
The Bombycidae are a family of moths. The best-known species is Bombyx mori (Linnaeus), or silkworm, native to northern China and domesticated for millennia. Another well-known species is Bombyx mandarina, also native to Asia.
Hadenini is a tribe of cutworm or dart moths in the family Noctuidae. There are more than 140 genera and 1,000 described species in Hadenini, found worldwide.
Hypena is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. It was first described by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. These non-migratory moths overwinter as pupae and almost never estivate as adults.
Arctia is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae. Therein, it belongs to the subtribe Arctiina in the tribe Arctiini in the subfamily Arctiinae. Species are well distributed throughout North America, Palearctic, India, and Sri Lanka.
Ichneutica mutans, commonly known as the New Zealand cutworm or the grey-brown cutworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. This moth endemic to New Zealand and can be found throughout New Zealand, including from Three Kings Islands down to Stewart Island. However this species is not found in the Chatham Islands. The adult moths are on the wing all year round. I. mutans is variable in appearance and can be confused with similar species in the same genus. As a result of the variety of host species consumed by the larvae of the species, including such crops as turnips, wheat and apples, this species is regarded as an agricultural pest. However between the early 1960s and late 1980s the population of I. mutans was shown to have decreased significantly, by over 80%, at two study sites.
Polypogon is a genus of litter moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. In the past, Zanclognatha species were included in Polypogon.
Dichromia is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1854.
Extremypena is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Martin Lödl in 1994.
Hadena is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. About fifteen species are native to North America, while over one-hundred are distributed in the Palearctic realm.
Trichypena is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by Joseph de Joannis in 1915.
Lasiocampa is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae. The genus was described by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802.
Prickly pears include a number of plant species that were introduced and have become invasive in Australia.
Drepana is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Drepaninae. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802.
Hadena plumasata is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America, particularly in California along the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, including the species' namesake, Plumas County.
Austrocidaria prionota is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is found in the South Island and is regarded as being uncommon.
Ichneutica skelloni is a moth of the family Noctuidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. Its presence has been confirmed in the North Island only in the Wellington region but is widespread throughout the South Island. It is also found in Stewart Island. I. skelloni is extremely variable in size, in the colour and patterns on the fore and hind wings, length of pectinations on male antennae and even in its genitalia. A larger more patterned form can be found in Westland and Fiordland, a medium-sized form is found from Wellington to Stewart Island and there is also a smaller Dunedin and Southland form. This species can be confused with specimens with the species I. insignis, I. scutata and I. pelanodes. I. skelloni can be found in forest and shrubland habitat. Adults are on the wing from July to April and are attracted to light. Host plants for the larvae are found in the genera Plantago, Senecio and Ranunculus and also include the species Bellis perennis.
References
- ↑ Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (November 5, 2004). "Clara Ruiz-Rodriguez, 1989". Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum, London . Retrieved May 31, 2020.
- ↑ Savela, Markku (July 23, 2019). "Hadena Schrank, 1802". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
- ↑ "Biodiversity Heritage Library" (PDF). Micra.cl. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
