Phallaceae is a family of fungi, commonly known as stinkhorns, within the order Phallales. Stinkhorns have a worldwide distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical regions. They are known for their foul-smelling, sticky spore masses, or gleba, borne on the end of a stalk called the receptaculum. The characteristic fruiting-body structure, a single, unbranched receptaculum with an externally attached gleba on the upper part, distinguishes the Phallaceae from other families in the Phallales. The spore mass typically smells of carrion or dung, and attracts flies, beetles and other insects to help disperse the spores. Although there is great diversity in body structure shape among the various genera, all species in the Phallaceae begin their development as oval or round structures known as "eggs". The appearance of Phallaceae is often sudden, as gleba can erupt from the underground egg and burst open within an hour. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 21 genera and 77 species.
The fungal genus Cochliobolus includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as Cochliobolus heterostrophus. A lot of former Cochliobolus species were transferred to either Curvularia or Bipolaris genera.
Salix kusanoi is a species of willow in the family Salicaceae. It is endemic to Taiwan. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Clathrus is a genus of fungi of the family Phallaceae, the stinkhorn fungi. Mature fruit bodies are covered with olive-brown slimy gleba, containing spores, that attract flies. These fungi are saprobic and are common in mulch.
Clathrus archeri, commonly known as octopus stinkhorn or devil's fingers, is a fungus which has a global distribution. This species was first described in 1980 in a collection from Tasmania. The young fungus erupts from a suberumpent egg by forming into four to seven elongated slender arms initially erect and attached at the top. The arms then unfold to reveal a pinkish-red interior covered with a dark-olive spore-containing gleba. In maturity it smells like putrid flesh.
Clathrus ruber is a species of fungus in the family Phallaceae, and the type species of the genus Clathrus. It is commonly known as the latticed stinkhorn, the basket stinkhorn, or the red cage, alluding to the striking fruit bodies that are shaped somewhat like a round or oval hollow sphere with interlaced or latticed branches. The species was illustrated in the scientific literature during the 16th century, but was not officially described until 1729.
Clathrus columnatus, commonly known as the column stinkhorn, is a saprobic species of basidiomycete fungus in the family Phallaceae. Similar to other stinkhorn fungi, the fruiting body, known as the receptaculum, starts out as a subterranean "egg" form. As the fungus develops, the receptaculum expands and erupts out of the protective volva, ultimately developing into mature structures characterized by two to five long vertical orange or red spongy columns, joined at the apex. The fully grown receptaculum reaches heights of 8 cm tall. The inside surfaces of the columns are covered with a fetid olive-brown spore-containing slime, which attracts flies and other insects that help disseminate the spores.
Epitonium clathrus, also known as the common wentletrap, is a species of small predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.
Clathrina clathrus is a species of calcareous sponge belonging to the family Clathrinidae.
Ascandra contorta is a species of calcareous sponge belonging to the family Clathrinidae.
Clathrus baumii is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. It was named by Paul Christoph Hennings in 1903, based on specimens found in Angola in 1899.
Clathrus bicolumnatus is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. It is known only from Japan.
Clathrus chrysomycelinus is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. It is found in South America and reported from New Zealand, although the equivalence of the species is yet to be determined.
Clathrus crispus is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. Reported as new to science in 1820, it is found in the Americas.
Clathrus cristatus is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. Found in Brazil, it was described as new to science in 2010.
Clathrus mauritianus is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. It is found in Mauritius.
Clathrus transvaalensis is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. It is found in South Africa. It was described as new to science in 1990 by mycologists Albert Eicker and Derek Reid. The fruit body forms a hollow, pale yellow to pinkish lattice structure.
Clathrus treubii is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Clathrus xiningensis is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. Found in China, it was described as new to science in 1994.
Clathrus roseovolvatus is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. Described as new to science in 2013, it is found in the South America and the Caribbean.
