Cnicin

Last updated
Cnicin
Cnicin.svg
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
(3aR,4S,6E,10Z,11aR)-10-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,8,9,11a-octahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl (3R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.042.004 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C20H26O7/c1-11-5-4-6-14(9-21)8-17-18(13(3)20(25)27-17)16(7-11)26-19(24)12(2)15(23)10-22/h5,8,15-18,21-23H,2-4,6-7,9-10H2,1H3/b11-5+,14-8-/t15-,16-,17+,18+/m0/s1 Yes check.svgY
    Key: ZTDFZLVUIVPZDU-QGNHJMHWSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/C20H26O7/c1-11-5-4-6-14(9-21)8-17-18(13(3)20(25)27-17)16(7-11)26-19(24)12(2)15(23)10-22/h5,8,15-18,21-23H,2-4,6-7,9-10H2,1H3/b11-5+,14-8-/t15-,16-,17+,18+/m0/s1
    Key: ZTDFZLVUIVPZDU-QGNHJMHWBP
  • O=C/1O[C@@H]2/C=C(/CC/C=C(/C[C@H](OC(=O)\C(=C)[C@@H](O)CO)[C@H]2C\1=C)C)CO
Properties
C20H26O7
Molar mass 378.421 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Cnicin is a sesquiterpene lactone, esterified with a substituted acrylic acid, and belonging to the germacranolide class of natural products. It is mainly found in Cnicus (Centaurea--formerly Cnicus--benedictus L. ( Asteraceae )), and is present in spotted knapweed plants, where highest and lowest concentrations are found in the leaves (0.86-3.86% cnicin) and stems respectively. [1] [2] Cnicin is used as a bitter tonic and the bitterness value is approximately 1,500.

References

  1. Olson, B. E.; Kelsey, R. G. (1997). "Effect of Centaurea maculosa on sheep rumen microbial activity and mass in vitro". J. Chem. Ecol. 23 (4): 1131–1144. doi:10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006391.88098.12. S2CID   12499959.
  2. Providing Supplement, with or without PEG, to reduce the effects of cnicin and enhance grazing of spotted knapweed by sheep and cattle, Masters Thesis, M Cheeseman, Montana State University