| Collematineae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Foliose lichen containing cyanobacteria | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Peltigerales |
| Suborder: | Collematineae Miądl. & Lutzoni, 2004 [1] |
The Collematineae are an suborder of rust fungi in the order of Peltigerales in the class Lecanoromycetes. [2]
It contains 5 families, the Coccocarpiaceae, the Collemataceae, the Pannariaceae, the Placynthiaceae and also the Vahliellaceae.
It was set up in 2004 to contain 4 families, the Coccocarpiaceae, the Collemataceae, the Pannariaceae and the Placynthiaceae by Miadlikowska & Lutzoni. The new suborder was agreed by Hibbet et al, in 2007 and Lumbsch and Huhndorf in 2007, [3] and 2010. [4] The other Peltigerales based suborder of Peltigerineae contained 6 families; Koerberiaceae, Lobariaceae, Massalongiaceae, Nephromataceae, Peltigeraceae and Vahliellaceae, also by Miadlikowska & Lutzoni in 2004. [2] [5] [6]
Vahliellaceae is still sometimes placed within the Peltigerineae suborder. [2] [7]
A molecular phylogenetic study of the Collemataceae was carried out in 2010. It found that ascospore characteristics are a good predictor of phylogeny within Collematineae. [8]
Relationships in the Collematineae were then defined by short branches and lower nodal support than in other parts of the genetic tree, due in part to conflicting signal in exon trees (DNA sequence within a gene), suggesting that rapid diversification events took place in the early evolution of the suborder. [9]
It includes species of cyanolichens with foliose to fruticose or crustose thalli, with simple or septate ascospores. [8]
The lichens occur worldwide, having a cosmopolitan distribution. They are found in south-east Asia, including Thailand, [10]
Collematineae are found growing on bark, moss, soil or rocks in humid woodland including mangrove forests, [10]
Amount of species as accepted by Species Fungorum; [11]
The Cladoniaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. It is one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi, with about 560 species distributed amongst 17 genera. The reindeer moss and cup lichens (Cladonia) belong to this family. The latter genus, which comprises about 500 species, forms a major part of the diet of large mammals in taiga and tundra ecosystems. Many Cladoniaceae lichens grow on soil, but other can use decaying wood, tree trunks, and, in a few instances, rocks as their substrate. They grow in places with high humidity, and cannot tolerate aridity.
The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: Xanthoparmelia, Usnea, Parmotrema, and Hypotrachyna.
Gyalectales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 5 families, 15 genera and about 550 species.
The Arthoniales is the second largest order of mainly crustose lichens, but fruticose lichens are present as well. The order contains around 1500 species, while the largest order with lichenized fungi, the Lecanorales, contains more than 14000 species.
Peltigerales is an order of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy of the group has seen numerous changes; it was formerly often treated as a suborder of the order Lecanorales. It contains two suborders, eight families and about 45 genera such as Lobaria and Peltigera.
The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions.
The Acarosporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Acarosporales. Members of this family have a widespread distribution, and are mostly lichenized with green algae. According to a 2021 estimate, the family contains 11 genera and about 260 species. The family is characterised by a hamathecium formed of paraphysoids.
The Baeomycetales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae, in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 8 families, 33 genera and about 170 species. As a result of molecular phylogenetics research published in the late 2010s, several orders were folded into the Baeomycetales, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of taxa.
The Verrucariaceae are a family of mostly lichenised fungi in the order Verrucariales. The lichen-forming species, which comprise the vast majority of the family, have a wide variety of thallus forms, and include crustose (crust-like), foliose (bushy), and squamulose (scaly) representatives. Several characteristics of the spore-bearing structures, the ascomata, define the family, including their perithecioid form–more or less spherical or flask-shaped, with a single opening and otherwise completely enclosed by a wall. Squamulose members of the Verrucariaceae with simple ascospores, and without algae in the spore-bearing region are known as catapyrenioid lichens; there are more than 80 of these species. The family has several dozen lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) examples, including a few genera that contain solely lichenicolous members. An unusually diverse variety of photobiont partners have been recorded, mostly green algae, but also brown algae and yellow-green algae.
Calathaspis is a lichen genus in the family Cladoniaceae. A monotypic genus, Calathapsis contains the single species Calathaspis devexa, which is found in Papua New Guinea in middle- and high-altitude forests at altitudes ranging from 2,000–4,000 metres (6,600–13,100 ft). The genus name, which combines the Greek κάλαθος and κάλαθος ("shield"), refers to the shape of the apothecia. The species epithet devexa, from the Latin devexus, refers to the arrangement of the thalline laciniae.
Psoroma is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by French botanist André Michaux in 1803. The widespread genus contains an estimated 58 species, most of which are found in south temperate regions. Some species formerly in Psoroma were transferred to the new genera Psorophorus and Xanthopsoroma in 2010. The genus Joergensenia was erected in 2008 to contain the species formerly known as Psoroma cephalodinum.
Psilolechia is a genus of four species of crustose lichens. It is the only member of Psilolechiaceae, a family that was created in 2014 to contain this genus.
Parmotrema is a genus of lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. It is a large genus, containing an estimated 300 species, with a centre of diversity in subtropical regions of South America and the Pacific Islands.
The Arctomiaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota, class Baeomycetales. The family was named by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1861, with Arctomia as the type genus. Species in this family are found in arctic and subarctic habitats, usually associated with bryophytes.
Vahliella is a genus of nine species of lichenized fungi in the order Peltigerales. It is the only member of the Vahliellaceae, a family circumscribed in 2011 to contain this genus. Vahliella was formerly placed in the family Pannariaceae until molecular phylogenetics showed that it did not belong there. Vahliella species are found in the Northern Hemisphere – mainly in North America, but also in Europe and India.
Trapeliaceae is a family of lichens in the order Baeomycetales. The family contains 12 genera and about 125 species.
Rhizocarpales are an order of lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Lecanoromycetidae of the class Lecanoromycetes. It has two families, Rhizocarpaceae and Sporastatiaceae, which contain mostly crustose lichens.
Massalongiaceae is a small family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Peltigerales. It has three genera and seven species.
Lepidocollema marianum is a species of cyanolichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was first scientifically described by Elias Fries in 1825 as Parmelia mariana. Per Magnus Jørgensen transferred it to the genus Lepidocollema in 2014 following a molecular phylogenetics-guided revision of the Pannariaceae.
Sagiolechiaceae is a small family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Ostropales. It contains two genera, Rhexophiale, and Sagiolechia, the type genus. The family was circumscribed in 2010 by lichenologists Elisabeth Baloch, Robert Lücking, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Mats Wedin. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the two genera formed a distinct clade in Ostropales. Four species were included in the original circumscription of the family.